The Bikol languages or Bicolano languages are a group of

Central Philippine languages The Central Philippine languages are the most geographically widespread demonstrated group of languages in the Philippines, being spoken in southern Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao, and Sulu Province, Sulu. They are also the most populous, including T ...

spoken mostly in the Bicol Peninsula in the southeastern part of

Luzon Luzon ( , ) is the largest and most populous List of islands in the Philippines, island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the List of islands of the Philippines, Philippine archipelago, it is the economic and political ce ...

, the neighboring island-province of Catanduanes, and the island of Burias in Masbate.

Internal classification

Ethnologue

Ethnologue ''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensive catalogue of languages. It w ...

'' groups the languages of Bikol as follows: *Bikol **Coastal Bikol (Northern) *** Isarog Agta language *** Mount Iraya Agta language *** Central Bikol language ( ISO 639-3 bcl) **** Canaman dialect (standard) **** Naga City dialect ****Partido dialect ****Tabaco–Legazpi–Sorsogon (TLS) dialect ****Daet dialect *** Southern Catanduanes Bikol language **Inland Bikol (Southern) *** Mount Iriga Agta language *** Albay Bikol languages ****Buhinon language ****Libon language ****West Miraya language ****East Miraya language *** Rinconada Bikol language ****Highland/Sinabukid dialect *****Agta variant *****Iriga variant (standard) ****Lakeside/Sinaranəw dialect *****Baao variant *****Bato variant *****Bula–Pili variant *****Nabua–Balatan variant ** Northern Catanduanes Bikol (Pandan Bikol)

McFarland (1974)

Curtis McFarland gives the following classification for the Bikol languages.

Lobel (2000)

While McFarland (1974) splits Bikol into 11 dialects, Lobel (2000) splits Bikol into 12 different dialects (including Partido Bikol, which McFarland does not differentiate) and 4 main branches. * Bikol ** Northern Coastal Bikol *** Central Standard – spoken primarily in Naga City, Cam. Sur, Tabaco & Legazpi, Albay and

Sorsogon City Sorsogon City, officially the City of Sorsogon (Southern Sorsogon language, Waray Sorsogon: ''Syudad san Sorsogon''; ; ), is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, component city and capital of the Provinces of the Philippines, pro ...

, Sorsogon. Also recognized (and sometimes understood) in Daet, Camarines Norte and many other areas of Camarines Sur, San Pascual, Masbate on Burias Island, first and second districts of Albay, southwestern coast of Catanduanes, and northeastern Sorsogon. **** Daet area variant **** Naga City area variant **** Tabaco–Legazpi–Sorsogon area variant **** Southwestern and northern town of San Andres and Caramoran, Catanduanes. *** Partido – spoken in the Camarines Sur municipalities of Ocampo, Goa, Tigaon, Lagonoy, Sagñay, and San Jose. This dialect has a mellow intonation and is heavily influenced by Rinconada Bikol. *** Southern Catanduanes – spoken in the southern half of Catanduanes. **** Virac area variant **** Bato area variant **** Baras area variant **** San Miguel variant (transitional to North Catanduanes) ** Southern Coastal and Inland Bikol *** Rinconada Bikol – spoken primarily in Iriga City, Baao, Bula, Balatan, Baao and Nabua, Camarines Sur. Also in some parts of Ocampo, Buhi and Pili in Camarines Sur and in parts of Polangui, Albay. **** Lakeside Rinconada dialect (lacks / ə/ vowel) **** Highland Rinconada dialect (with / ə/ vowel) *** Buhinon – spoken in Buhi, Camarines Sur. Contains features from both the Bikol of Polangui, Albay and the Iriga variant of Rinconada Bikol. *** Libon – spoken in Libon, Albay. *** West Miraya – spoken in Ligao City, Polangui, Oas, and Pio Duran, Albay. *** East Miraya – spoken in Guinobatan, Camalig, Daraga & Jovellar, Albay and Donsol & Pilar, Sorsogon. **** Central ( Guinobatan) **** Far East ( Camalig, Daraga) **** Southeast ( Jovellar, Albay, Donsol, Pilar) ** Northern Catanduanes *** Pandan Bikol – spoken by about 80,000 people or the northern half of Catanduanes. **** Bagamanoc area variant **** Caramoran area variant (transitional to South Catanduanes) **** Gigmoto area variant (transitional to South Catanduanes) **** Pandan area variant **** Panganiban area variant **** Viga area variant ** Bisakol *** Northern Sorsogon – spoken in

, Castilla, Casiguran and Juban. **** Castilla area variant (mixed with Bikol-Legazpi) **** Casiguran– Juban area variant *** Southern Sorsogon (also known as Gubat language) – spoken in Gubat;

Barcelona Barcelona ( ; ; ) is a city on the northeastern coast of Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second-most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within c ...

, Bulusan, Santa Magdalena, Matnog, Irosin, and Bulan. *** Masbateño – spoken in Masbate City, Mobo, Uson, Dimasalang, Palanas, Masbate, Aroroy on the island of Masbate, all of Ticao Island, and Claveria on the southern half of Burias Island. **** Standard Masbateño **** Ticao Island variant Some dialects of Southern Bikol have the close central unrounded vowel as a reflex of Proto-Austronesian . However, Proto-Austronesian is realized as in Libon. Two Bikol dialects have unique additional consonants, namely Southern Catanduanes, which has an interdental

lateral Lateral is a geometric term of location which may also refer to: Biology and healthcare * Lateral (anatomy), a term of location meaning "towards the side" * Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle, an intrinsic muscle of the larynx * Lateral release ( ...

consonant (also transcribed as ), and Buhi-non, which has the

voiced velar fricative The voiced velar fricative is a type of consonantal sound that is used in various spoken languages. It is not found in most varieties of Modern English but existed in Old English. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents ...

References

Sources

* *

External links

Translate Bikol
an online English–Bikol and Bisakol languages translator. * A Bikol language database is available through the Kaipuleohone archive. {{DEFAULTSORT:Bikol Languages Central Philippine languages Languages of the Philippines Bicolano