''Bijaganita'' (
IAST
The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST) is a transliteration scheme that allows the lossless romanisation of Indic scripts as employed by Sanskrit and related Indic languages. It is based on a scheme that emerged during ...
: ') was treatise on
algebra by the Indian mathematician
Bhāskara II
Bhāskara II (c. 1114–1185), also known as Bhāskarāchārya ("Bhāskara, the teacher"), and as Bhāskara II to avoid confusion with Bhāskara I, was an Indian mathematician and astronomer. From verses, in his main work, Siddhānta Shiroman ...
. It is the second volume of his main work ''
Siddhānta Shiromani
''Siddhānta Śiromaṇi'' (Sanskrit: सिद्धान्त शिरोमणि for "Crown of treatises") is the major treatise of Indian mathematician Bhāskara II. He wrote the ''Siddhānta Śiromaṇi'' in 1150 when he was 36 years old ...
(''"Crown of treatises") alongside ''
Lilāvati'', ''Grahaganita'' and ''Golādhyāya''.
Bijaganita
Britannica.com
Contents
The book is divided into six parts, mainly indeterminate equations, quadratic equations, simple equations, surds. The contents are:
* Introduction
* On Simple Equations
* On Quadratic Equations
* On Equations involving indeterminate Questions of the 1st Degree
* On Equations involving indeterminate Questions of the 2nd Degree
* On Equations involving Rectangles
In Bijaganita Bhāskara II refined Jayadeva's way of generalization of Brahmagupta's approach to solving indeterminate quadratic equations, including Pell's equation which is known as chakravala method or cyclic method. Bijaganita is the first text to recognize that a positive number has two square roots
Translations
The translations or editions of the Bijaganita into English include:
* 1817. Henry Thomas Colebrooke
Henry Thomas Colebrooke FRS FRSE (15 June 1765 – 10 March 1837) was an English orientalist and mathematician. He has been described as "the first great Sanskrit scholar in Europe".
Biography
Henry Thomas Colebrooke was born on 15 June ...
''Algebra, with Arithmetic and mensuration, from the Sanscrit of Brahmegupta and Bháscara''
* 1813
Ata Allah ibn Ahmad Nadir Rashidi; Samuel Davis
* 1813
Strachey, Edward, Sir, 1812–1901
Bhaskaracharya's Bijaganita and its English and Marathi Translation by Prof. S. K. Abhyankar
Two notable Scholars from Varanasi Sudhakar Dwivedi
Sudhakara Dvivedi (1855–1910) was an Indian scholar in Sanskrit and mathematics.
Biography
Sudhakara Dvivedi was born in 1855 in Khajuri, a village near Varanasi. In childhood he studied mathematics under Pandit Devakrsna.
In 1883 he was appo ...
and Bapudeva Sastri
Bapudeva Sastri or Narasimha Deva Paranjpe (1821–1900) was an Indian mathematician.
Biography
He was born on 1 November 1821, to a Hindu Brahmin family of Maharashtra. He received his early education in arithmetic and algebra at the Marathi ...
studied Bijaganita in the nineteenth century.
See also
* Indian mathematics
Indian mathematics emerged in the Indian subcontinent from 1200 BCE until the end of the 18th century. In the classical period of Indian mathematics (400 CE to 1200 CE), important contributions were made by scholars like Aryabhata, Brahmagupta ...
* Timeline of algebra and geometry
The following is a timeline of key developments of geometry:
Before 1000 BC
* ca. 2000 BC – Scotland, carved stone balls exhibit a variety of symmetries including all of the symmetries of Platonic solids.
* 1800 BC – Moscow Mathematical Papy ...
References
Bibliography
*
*
External links
Hindi translation by Durga Prasad
{{Indian mathematics
Indian mathematics
Social history of India
History of science and technology in India
History of algebra
12th-century books
Sanskrit texts