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Bhoopali, also known as ''Bhoop'', ''Bhopali,'' or ''Bhupali'', is a
Hindustani classical Hindustani classical music is the classical music of the Indian subcontinent's northern regions. It may also be called North Indian classical music or ''Uttar Bhartiya shastriya sangeet''. The term ''shastriya sangeet'' literally means classica ...
raga A raga ( ; , ; ) is a melodic framework for improvisation in Indian classical music akin to a musical mode, melodic mode. It is central to classical Indian music. Each raga consists of an array of melodic structures with musical motifs; and, fro ...
. Bhupālī, is a raag in
Kalyan Thaat Kalyan () is one of the ten basic Thaats of the Hindustani classical music of the Indian subcontinent. It is also the name of a Raag Raag may refer to: * Raga, a melodic framework in Indian classical music * ''Raag'' (film), a 2014 Assamese-la ...
. It is a pentatonic scale (uses 5 notes in ascending and descending scale). Most of the songs in this raga are based on Bhakti rasa. Since it uses 5 notes, belongs to the "Audav jaati" of ragas. The same raga in
Carnatic music Carnatic music (known as or in the Dravidian languages) is a system of music commonly associated with South India, including the modern Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana and southern Odisha. It is o ...
is known as
Mohanam Mohanam is a raga in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is an ''audava'' rāga (or ''owdava'' rāga, meaning pentatonic scale). It is usually described as a ''janya'' rāga of Harikamboji (28th Melakartha Raga). ...
. Raga Bhoopali,
Raga Yaman Yaman (also known as Kalyaan, Iman, Aiman, Eman, Kalyani (raga), Kalyani in Carnatic classical music) is a heptatonic (Sampurna raga, sampurna) Hindustani classical music, Indian classical raga of Kalyan (thaat), Kalyan Thaat. Its signature phr ...
, and
Raga Bhairav Bhairav is a Hindustani classical raga of Bhairav thaat. It is a sampurna raga that is traditionally performed in the morning and also as the beginning piece in concerts. It is the defining raga of its own Thaat. Raga Kalingda in Hindustani a ...
tend to be the three basic ragas of Hindustani music, learned first by its students.


Theory

Karhade (2011) explains that raga Bhopali consists of just 5 notes - सा रे ग प ध (sa, re, ga, pa and dha). It does not use Ma (also called Madhyam) and Ni (also called Nishadh). It is said that the absence of Ni (representative of physical pleasure) and Ma (representative of loving) means this raga is about non-attachment. The Introduction consists of two parts – ''Aaroh'' आरोह (where the notes are simply recited on an ascending scale) and ''Avaroha'' (where the notes are simply recited on a descending order) Thereafter, with these same five notes, different combinations are made by the singer, similar to short phrases, also called "chalan".


Aroha and avaroha

The scale of ''Bhopali'' uses only ''Shuddh''
swara Swara () or svara is an Indian classical music term that connotes simultaneously a breath, a vowel, a note, the sound of a musical note corresponding to its name, and the successive steps of the octave, or ''saptanka''. More comprehensively ...
s. *
Aroha Aroha is a Māori language, Māori word meaning "love", cognate with the Hawaiian term ''aloha''. It is also a given name, and can be either masculine or feminine. Notable people Notable people with the name include: * Aroha Awarau, journali ...
(ascent): Sa Re Ga Pa Dha Sa' *
Avaroha An Avarohana, Avarohanam or Avaroha, in the context of Indian classical music, is the descending scale of any raga.''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, ''Glossary'' pages, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications The notes descend in pitch ...
(descent): Sa'! Dha Pa Ga Re Sa


Vadi and samavadi

* Vadi Gandhar – ga *
Samavadi The samavadi or samvadi is the second-most prominent (though not necessarily second-most played) note of a raga in Indian classical music. The primary note of the raga is the '' vadi''; the vadi and samavadi are in most cases a fourth or fifth a ...
Dhaivat – Dha


Alap

# S, D1 D1...S, R - - S...D1 S..., D1 - - - P1, S - - - D1 S - - D1 P1, P1 D1, D1 D1 S


Pakad and chalan

The Pakad (catchphrase that often helps in identifying a raga) is: S R G R S D1 S R G or: S R G R S D1 S R G P G D P G R S or: G R P G G R S R D1 S or: G R S D1 S R G R P G D P G R S or: G R P G S R D1 S Some chalans (elaborations of the pakad) are: # S R G R S D1 S R G # S R G R S D1 P1 # P1 D1 S R G R G # S R P G # G R S R G P # G P D P D D S’ # P G P D P D S’ R’ G’ R’ G’ # G’ R’ S’ D P G R S Note: Normally written swaras (individual notes) indicate the middle octave. A swara immediately followed by 1 indicates the ''mandra saptak'' (lower octave) and ' indicates the ''taar saptak'' (higher octave). A few movements in Bhopali are important to note. There is typically a slide when descending between Sa and Dha, as well as between Pa and Ga. These slides parallel each other and can be used to create a symmetry about how the Swaras are developed. Also, many performers will bring out the ''Kalyan'' flavor of Bhopali by using ' of the notes Ni and Ma. That is to say, these notes are only vaguely suggested in passing ornaments, not actually sung for long enough for the Swara to become a clear part of the Raga. Some examples would be: (N1)D1 S P(m)P(m) D P where the notes in parentheses are connected by slides or sung as ''meend''.


Bandish

This
bandish Bandish, cheez or gat is a fixed, melodic composition in Hindustani vocal or instrumental music. It is set in a specific raga, performed with rhythmic accompaniment by a tabla or pakhawaj, a steady drone, and melodic accompaniment by a sarangi, ...
is bound with Teentaal (16 beats). 1 2 3 4 , 5 6 7 8 , 9 10 11 12 , 13 14 15 16 ,
Asthayi Sthayi or Asthaayi is an initial phrase or line of a fixed, melodic composition in Hindustani music. It is a way of having the parts of a composition. The Sthayi part of a Dhrupad is the first of four stanzas and uses the middle octave's first tet ...
: D S D2 P , G2 R2 S R2 , G2 _ G2 P , G2 R2 S _ , S R2 G2 P , R2 G2 P D2 , G2 P D2 P , G2 R2 S _ ,
Antara Antara may refer to: * Antara (music), a verse in Hindustani classical music * Antara (musical instrument), or siku, a traditional Andean panpipe * Antara (news agency), an Indonesian news agency * Antara (Peru), a mountain in Peru * Antara Pol ...
: G2 _ G2 G2 , P _ D2 P , S' _ S' S' , D3 R3 S' _, G3 G3 R3 S', R3 R3 S' D3, S' _ D2 P , G2 R2 S _, The Asthayi starts with the 9th beat.


Organisation and relationships

Raga Bhoopali belongs to the
Kalyan Kalyan (Pronunciation: əljaːɳ is a city on the banks of Ulhas River in Thane district of Maharashtra state in Konkan division. It is governed by Kalyan-Dombivli Municipal Corporation. Kalyan is a subdivision (Taluka) of Thane district ...
Thaat. Related ragas: Deshkar (a pentatonic raga belonging to the Bilawal Thaat with the same scale as Bhoopali). Shuddha Kalyan is another similar raga.


Samay (Time)

First part of night. 7-9


Rasa

''Bhakti Rasa'' (Devotional) The essence from the raga evokes the Shanti Rasa – peaceful and calming. The Rasa can also be called Shanta Rasa


Film songs

Bhoopali is a popular raga used in Indian folk songs, and thus in Hindi and other regional film songs.
Hindi Modern Standard Hindi (, ), commonly referred to as Hindi, is the Standard language, standardised variety of the Hindustani language written in the Devanagari script. It is an official language of India, official language of the Government ...
: * "Jyoti Kalash Chhalke" (''
Bhabhi Ki Chudiyan Bhabhi Ki Chudiyan is a 1961 Hindi-language drama film directed by Sadashiv J. Row Kavi, starring Meena Kumari and Balraj Sahni. It is a remake of the 1953 Marathi film ''Vahinichya Bangdya''. Plot Geeta (Meena Kumari) is married to Shyam (Balr ...
'') (1961) * "Pankh Hote To Udd Aati Re" ('' Sehra'') (1963) * "Main Jahaan Rahoon" (''
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'') (2007) * "Dil Hoom Hoom Kare" (''
Rudaali ''Rudaali'' (pronounced "roo-dah-lee"; ) is a 1993 Indian Hindi-language drama film directed by Kalpana Lajmi, written by Lajmi and Gulzar and based on a 1979 short story of the same name by Bengali author Mahasweta Devi. Set in a small vi ...
'') (1993) * "Sayonara Sayonara" (''
Love in Tokyo ''Love In Tokyo'' is a 1966 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy film directed and produced by Pramod Chakravorty. The film was a hit at the box office. Plot A young man Ashok's ( Joy Mukherjee) mother makes him go to Tokyo, Japan in search of ...
'') (1966) * "Dekha ek khwaab to yeh silsile hue" (''
Silsila ''Silsila'' () is an Arabic language, Arabic word meaning ''chain'', ''link'', ''connection'' often used in various senses of :wikt:lineage, lineage. In particular, it may be translated as "spiritual genealogy" where one Sufi Master transfe ...
'') (1981) * "Aayat" (''
Bajirao Mastani ''Bajirao Mastani'' is a 2015 Indian Hindi-language Epic film, epic historical film, historical tragedy film directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali, who co-produced it with Eros International and composed its Bajirao Mastani (soundtrack), soundtrack ...
'') (2015) * "Neel Gagan Ki Chaanv men" (''
Amrapali Āmrapālī, also known as "Ambapālika", "Ambapali", or "Amra" was a celebrated '' nagarvadhu'' (royal courtesan) of the Republic of Vaishali (located in present-day Bihar) in ancient India around 500 BC. Amrapali also won the title of rajnart ...
'') (1966)
Marathi Marathi may refer to: *Marathi people, an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group of Maharashtra, India **Marathi people (Uttar Pradesh), the Marathi people in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh *Marathi language, the Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Mar ...
: * "Ghanashyama Sundara" (''
Amar Bhoopali ''Amar Bhoopali'' (English: ''The Immortal Song'', French: ''Le Chant Immortel'') is a 1951 Indian Marathi language film, produced and directed by V. Shantaram and written by Vishram Bedekar. It is a true story about a simple cow herder who ha ...
'') (1951) * "Dehaachi Tijori" (''
Aamhi Jato Amuchya Gava ''Amhi Jaato Amucha Gava'' is a Marathi language film released on 9 August 1968. The film was remade in Tamil as ''Moondru Deivangal'' and in Hindi as ''Teen Chor''. Plot Shridhar Pant is a good and kind businessman. He lives happily with his wif ...
'') (1951) * "sujana kasā mana corī" (''
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'') * "śarayū tīrāvarī ayodhyā" (''
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'')
Kannada Kannada () is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly in the state of Karnataka in southwestern India, and spoken by a minority of the population in all neighbouring states. It has 44 million native speakers, and is additionally a ...
: * "Malgudi Days Theme Music" * "Mohana Muraliya Naada Leelege" * "Olave Jeevana Saakshaatkaara" * "Bellane Belagayitu" * "Aashaadha Maasa Bandeetavva" * "Belliya Raja Baaro Kullara Raja Baa" * "Uttunga Naadininda Ondu Hudugi (Folk)" * "Nigi Ningee Ningi Ningee" * "Hottito Hottitu Kannadada Deepa" * "Udayavaagali Namma Cheluva Kannada Naadu" * "Bayaside Ninnanu Bhaavada Melake" * "Ellaadaru Iru, Entaadaru Iru" * "Karunaalu Baa Belake" * "Tungaa Teeradi Ninta Suyativara" * "Teraa Yeri Ambaradaage" * "Tunturu Alli Neera Haadu" * "Sarasada Ee Prati Nimisha" * "Amara Madhura Prema" * "Malli Malli Minchulli" * "Nanna Aase Hannaagi Nanna Baala Kannaade" * "Innu Hattiraa Hattiraa Baruveya" * "Radha Madhava Vinoda Haasa" * "Yaava Janmada Maitri" * "Kogile O Kogile" * "Naliyutaa Hrudaya Haadanu Haadide" * "Kogileye Kshemave" * "Santasa Araluva Samaya" * "Doni Sagali Munde Hogali" * "Mudala Maneya Muttina Neerina" * "Appaa I Love You Paa" * "Jenina Holeyo Haalina Maleyo" * "Naavaaduva Nudiye" * "Om Karadi Kande" * "Neela Megha Gaali Beesi" * "Ee Hasiru Siriyali Manavu Mereyali" * "Ee Sambhaashane" * "Baanallu Neene Bhuviyallu Neene" * "Yogi Manege Bandaa" * "Mella Mellane Bandane" * "Jayatu Jaya Viththala" * "O Pandu Ranga Prabho Viththala" * "Avatarisu Baa Narayana" * "Pillangoviya"


Tamil movie songs in Mohanam


See also

*
Durga Durga (, ) is a major Hindu goddess, worshipped as a principal aspect of the mother goddess Mahadevi. She is associated with protection, strength, motherhood, destruction, and wars. Durga's legend centres around combating evils and demonic ...
*
Shivaranjani Shivaranjani or Sivaranjani is a musical scale used in Indian classical music. There are two scales, one in Hindustani music and one in Carnatic music. The Hindustani rāga is a pentatonic scale, as is the Carnatic scale categorized as Audava ...


References


External links


SRA on Samay and Ragas



Rajan Parrikar on Ragas
{{Rāgas as per Performance Time Hindustani ragas