Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) is a pollution control standard in the United States Clean Air Act.

Overview

A BART review is required by sections 169AUnited States. Clean Air Act (CAA). Visibility protection for Federal class I areas. and 169B of the Clean Air Act for pollution sources which might cause haze in a "Federal Class 1 area". An example of such a source is the Navajo Generating Station in

Page, Arizona Page is a city in Coconino County, Arizona, United States, near the Glen Canyon Dam and Lake Powell. As of the 2010 census, the population of the city was 7,247. History Page was founded in 1957 as a housing community for workers and their f ...

which could affect visibility in

Grand Canyon National Park Grand Canyon National Park is a List of national parks of the United States, national park of the United States located in northwestern Arizona, the 15th site to have been named as a national park. The park's central feature is the Grand Canyo ...

. BART provisions were included in the "Clean Air Visibility Rule," published by the

United States Environmental Protection Agency The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an independent agency of the United States government tasked with environmental protection matters. President Richard Nixon proposed the establishment of EPA on July 9, 1970; it began operation on De ...

(EPA) in 1999, and amended in 2005.

Determining best available retrofit technology

The Clean Air Act defines Best available retrofit technology:

... in determining best available retrofit technology the State (or the Administrator in determining emission limitations which reflect such technology) shall take into consideration the costs of compliance, the energy and nonair quality environmental impacts of compliance, any existing pollution control technology in use at the source, the remaining useful life of the source, and the degree of improvement in visibility which may reasonably be anticipated to result from the use of such technology;

Navajo Generating Station

A BART review may take into account the interests of stakeholders associated with the source. In the case of Navajo Generating Station, EPA solicited input from stakeholders: the

Department of the Interior The United States Department of the Interior (DOI) is an executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the management and conservation of most federal lands and natural resources. It also administers programs relatin ...

, the

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, the

Navajo Nation The Navajo Nation (), also known as Navajoland, is an Indian reservation of Navajo people in the United States. It occupies portions of northeastern Arizona, northwestern New Mexico, and southeastern Utah. The seat of government is located in ...

, the

Gila River Indian Community The Gila River Indian Community (GRIC) ( O'odham language: Keli Akimel Oʼotham, meaning "Gila River People", Maricopa language: Piipash) is an Indian reservation in the U.S. state of Arizona, lying adjacent to the south side of the cities of ...

, the Salt River Project, the

Environmental Defense Fund Environmental Defense Fund or EDF (formerly known as Environmental Defense) is a United States–based nonprofit environmental advocacy group. The group is known for its work on issues including global warming, ecosystem restoration, oceans, an ...

, and Western Resources Advocates. A technical working group negotiated a "Reasonable Progress Alternative to BART" which was submitted by the Department of the Interior to the EPA on July 26, 2013 for consideration in development of a final rule. (The plant ceased commercial power generation in 2019.)

Notes and references

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External links and further reading

Visibility and Regional Haze
- EPA *
Regional Planning Organizations
- EPA
"Regulatory Impact Analysis For The Final Clean Air Visibility Rule Or The Guidelines For Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) Determinations Under The Regional Haze Regulations" (2005)
- EPA Air pollution in the United States Environmental technology United States federal environmental legislation