Bernhard Tollens
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Bernhard Christian Gottfried Tollens (30 July 184131 January 1918) was a German chemist.


Life and work

Tollens attended school at the
Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums The ''Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums'' ( ''Academic School of the Johanneum'', short: Johanneum) is a '' Gymnasium'', or grammar school, in Hamburg, Germany. It is Hamburg's oldest school and was founded in 1529 by Johannes Bugenhagen. The sch ...
in
Hamburg Hamburg (, ; ), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg,. is the List of cities in Germany by population, second-largest city in Germany after Berlin and List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, 7th-lar ...
where he was influenced by his science teacher,
Karl Möbius Karl August Möbius (7 February 1825 in Eilenburg – 26 April 1908 in Berlin) was a German zoologist who was a pioneer in the field of ecology and a director of the Natural History Museum in Berlin. Early life Möbius was born in Eilenburg in ...
. After graduating in 1857, Tollens started an
apprenticeship Apprenticeship is a system for training a potential new practitioners of a trade or profession with on-the-job training and often some accompanying study. Apprenticeships may also enable practitioners to gain a license to practice in a regulat ...
in
pharmacy Pharmacy is the science and practice of discovering, producing, preparing, dispensing, reviewing and monitoring medications, aiming to ensure the safe, effective, and affordable use of medication, medicines. It is a miscellaneous science as it ...
. He finished in 1862 and began studying chemistry in Göttingen in
Wöhler Wöhler may refer to: ; People *August Wöhler (1819–1914), German engineer *Cordula Wöhler (1845–1916), German writer and hymnwriter *Friedrich Wöhler (1800–1882), German chemist * Jürgen (Otto) Wöhler (born 1950 in Oberlahnstein), Germ ...
's laboratory, then supervised by
Friedrich Konrad Beilstein Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (; 17 February 183818 October 1906), was a Russian chemist and founder of the famous ''Handbuch der organischen Chemie'' (''Handbook of Organic Chemistry''). The first edition of this work, published in 1881, covered 1, ...
and
Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig Wilhelm Rudolph Fittig (6 December 183519 November 1910) was a German chemist. He discovered the pinacol coupling reaction, mesitylene, diacetyl and biphenyl. Fittig studied the action of sodium on ketones and hydrocarbons. He discovered the Fi ...
. In 1864, Tollens submitted his thesis and received his Ph.D. without a defense. The latter was possible through the intercession of Wöhler so that Tollens could accept and begin an attractive job at a bronze factory. Tollens left the job after six months and joined the group of
Emil Erlenmeyer Richard August Carl Emil Erlenmeyer (28 June 1825 – 22 January 1909), known simply as Emil Erlenmeyer, was a German chemist known for contributing to the early development of the theory of chemical structure and formulating the Erlenmeyer rul ...
at the
University of Heidelberg Heidelberg University, officially the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg (; ), is a public university, public research university in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Founded in 1386 on instruction of Pope Urban VI, Heidelberg is List ...
for six months. He later worked with
Charles-Adolphe Wurtz Charles Adolphe Wurtz (; 26 November 181710 May 1884) was an Alsatian French chemist. He is best remembered for his decades-long advocacy for the atomic theory and for ideas about the structures of chemical compounds, against the skeptical opinio ...
in Paris and, for 11 months, as chief of the chemical laboratory at the
University of Coimbra The University of Coimbra (UC; , ) is a Public university, public research university in Coimbra, Portugal. First established in Lisbon in 1290, it went through a number of relocations until moving permanently to Coimbra in 1537. The university ...
in Portugal. Unable to resist the call of his former professor Wöhler, Tollens returned to Göttingen in 1872 and there he remained in various positions until he died in 1918. It was during this final time in Göttingen that he started his work on
carbohydrate A carbohydrate () is a biomolecule composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) atoms. The typical hydrogen-to-oxygen atomic ratio is 2:1, analogous to that of water, and is represented by the empirical formula (where ''m'' and ''n'' ...
s, which yielded structures of several sugars, the
Tollens' reagent Tollens' reagent (chemical formula Ag(NH3)2OH) is a chemical reagent used to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones along with some alpha-hydroxy ketones which can tautomerize into aldehydes. The reagent consists of a solution of silver n ...
, and most of his publications.


References


Further reading

* *


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Tollens, Bernhard 1841 births 1918 deaths 20th-century German chemists Scientists from Hamburg University of Göttingen alumni Academic staff of Heidelberg University University of Coimbra Academic staff of the University of Göttingen People educated at the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums 19th-century agronomists 19th-century German chemists