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Bernd Heine (born 25 May 1939) is a German
linguist Linguistics is the scientific study of language. The areas of linguistic analysis are syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences), semantics (meaning), Morphology (linguistics), morphology (structure of words), phonetics (speech sounds ...
and specialist in
African studies African studies is the study of Africa, especially the continent's cultures and societies (as opposed to its geology, geography, zoology, etc.). The field includes the study of Africa's History of Africa, history (pre-colonial, Colonisation of Af ...
. From 1978 to 2004 Heine held the chair for African Studies at the University of Cologne, Germany, now being a
Professor Emeritus ''Emeritus/Emerita'' () is an honorary title granted to someone who retirement, retires from a position of distinction, most commonly an academic faculty position, but is allowed to continue using the previous title, as in "professor emeritus". ...
. His main focal points in research and teaching are African
linguistics Linguistics is the scientific study of language. The areas of linguistic analysis are syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences), semantics (meaning), Morphology (linguistics), morphology (structure of words), phonetics (speech sounds ...
, sociolinguistics, grammaticalization theory and language contact and discourse grammar. The grammaticalisation theory, which deals with the changes in
grammar In linguistics, grammar is the set of rules for how a natural language is structured, as demonstrated by its speakers or writers. Grammar rules may concern the use of clauses, phrases, and words. The term may also refer to the study of such rul ...
, and to which he contributed 7 books and numerous articles, is his main focal point. Jointly with Tania Kuteva and Gunther Kaltenböck, Heine is the founder of the framework of discourse grammar.


Early years and education

Heine was born in Mohrungen,
East Prussia East Prussia was a Provinces of Prussia, province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1772 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 1871); following World War I it formed part of the Weimar Republic's ...
(now Morąg, Poland). During the
Second World War World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
, in 1944 his parents fled to
Austria Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine Federal states of Austria, states, of which the capital Vienna is the List of largest cities in Aust ...
and later took up residence in
Bavaria Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria, is a States of Germany, state in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the list of German states by area, largest German state by land area, comprising approximately 1/5 of the total l ...
, before settling in Leverkusen in 1948. From 1949 to 1959 Heine attended the Landrat-Lucas-Gymnasium in Opladen. Afterwards, he studied at the University of Cologne and
University of Hamburg The University of Hamburg (, also referred to as UHH) is a public university, public research university in Hamburg, Germany. It was founded on 28 March 1919 by combining the previous General Lecture System ('':de:Allgemeines Vorlesungswesen, ...
. In 1967 he was awarded a PhD in Cologne. In 1972 he received his postdoctoral lecture qualification for African studies.


Professional career

From 1968 to 1969 he was an assistant at the Department for African Studies of the University of Cologne, from 1969 to 1972 he was a lecturer and from 1975 to 1978 visiting professor at the
University of Nairobi The University of Nairobi (uonbi or UoN; ) is a college, collegiate research university based in Nairobi and is the largest List of universities and colleges in Kenya, university in Kenya. Although its history as an educational institution dat ...
. In 1978 he took over the chair of African Studies at the University of Cologne. He carried out 25 field research trips to
Ghana Ghana, officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa. It is situated along the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, and shares borders with Côte d’Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, and Togo to t ...
, Togo,
Kenya Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country located in East Africa. With an estimated population of more than 52.4 million as of mid-2024, Kenya is the 27th-most-populous country in the world and the 7th most populous in Africa. ...
,
Tanzania Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It is bordered by Uganda to the northwest; Kenya to the northeast; the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to t ...
,
Uganda Uganda, officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south-west by Rwanda, and to the ...
and
Namibia Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country on the west coast of Southern Africa. Its borders include the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south; in the no ...
as well as lecturing trips to Australia, Austria,
Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
,
Estonia Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Ru ...
,
Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...
,
Finland Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, ...
, France, Italy, Japan,
Kenya Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country located in East Africa. With an estimated population of more than 52.4 million as of mid-2024, Kenya is the 27th-most-populous country in the world and the 7th most populous in Africa. ...
, Mexico,
Namibia Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country on the west coast of Southern Africa. Its borders include the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south; in the no ...
, the
Netherlands , Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...
,
Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...
, Spain,
South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. Its Provinces of South Africa, nine provinces are bounded to the south by of coastline that stretches along the Atlantic O ...
,
South Korea South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the southern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and borders North Korea along the Korean Demilitarized Zone, with the Yellow Sea to the west and t ...
, Sweden,
Tanzania Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It is bordered by Uganda to the northwest; Kenya to the northeast; the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to t ...
, the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
and the
United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
. Guest professorships brought him to La Trobe University,
Melbourne Melbourne ( , ; Boonwurrung language, Boonwurrung/ or ) is the List of Australian capital cities, capital and List of cities in Australia by population, most populous city of the States and territories of Australia, Australian state of Victori ...
in 1994/1995 and from 1999 to 2000 to the
Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences The Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (CASBS) is an interdisciplinary research institution at Stanford University designed to advance the frontiers of knowledge about human behavior and society, and contribute to the resoluti ...
in Stanford, United States, in 2002 to the
Dartmouth College Dartmouth College ( ) is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Hanover, New Hampshire, United States. Established in 1769 by Eleazar Wheelock, Dartmouth is one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the America ...
, US, in 2005 to the University of Graz and from 2005 to 2006 to the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study in Wassenaar, the Netherlands, in 2006 to the
University of Hamburg The University of Hamburg (, also referred to as UHH) is a public university, public research university in Hamburg, Germany. It was founded on 28 March 1919 by combining the previous General Lecture System ('':de:Allgemeines Vorlesungswesen, ...
, in 2007 to the Ecole des Hautes Etudes (Centre de Recherches Linguistiques sur l'Asie Orientale "CRLAO"), Paris, in 2007 to the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 2008 through 2009 to the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Japan, and in 2009 to the Chonnam National University, Korea. He was a visiting professor at the
University of Cape Town The University of Cape Town (UCT) (, ) is a public university, public research university in Cape Town, South Africa. Established in 1829 as the South African College, it was granted full university status in 1918, making it the oldest univer ...
in 2012 and 2015, and in 2014 he was appointed Yunshan Chair Professor at Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, China (2014 - 2016). Bernd Heine has served as a keynote speaker or invited speaker of over 100 international conferences. His publications include more than 40 books on African linguistics, sociolinguistics,
historical linguistics Historical linguistics, also known as diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of how languages change over time. It seeks to understand the nature and causes of linguistic change and to trace the evolution of languages. Historical li ...
, grammaticalization theory, and discourse grammar. He is co-editor and/or member of the advisory boards of 17 journals or series of books. Since 2014 his main interest has been, jointly with Gunther Kaltenböck and Tania Kuteva, the analysis of linguistic discourse. In the framework of discourse grammar developed by these authors, two components of discourse planning are distinguished, where one, Sentence Grammar, is centrally concerned with the construction of sentences while the other, Thetical Grammar, is dedicated to the relationship between speaker, hearer, and the text.


Awards

His awards include a membership with the Executive Council, International African Institute,
London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...
. In 1986 he became Hans Wolff Memorial Lecturer at the Indiana University, US, in 1990 Raymond Dart Memorial Lecturer at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. In 1990 he received the Kenya Kiswahili Association Award in
Nairobi Nairobi is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Kenya. The city lies in the south-central part of Kenya, at an elevation of . The name is derived from the Maasai language, Maasai phrase , which translates to 'place of cool waters', a ...
, in 1994 he was Fellow of the Australian Research Council, in 1995 he received an award from the National Kiswahili Council of the Republic of Tanzania. In 1995 he became August Klingenheben Memorial Lecturer at the University of Leipzig and in 1996 a Fellow of the British Academy. From 1997 to 2000 he was president of the Committee for World Congresses of African Linguistics and in 1999 he became a full member of the
North Rhine-Westphalia North Rhine-Westphalia or North-Rhine/Westphalia, commonly shortened to NRW, is a States of Germany, state () in Old states of Germany, Western Germany. With more than 18 million inhabitants, it is the List of German states by population, most ...
Academy of Sciences. In 2008, the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology, South Korea, appointed him a Distinguished World-Class Scholar, and in 2009 he received the Lifetime Achievement Award of the Evolutionary Linguistics Association, Brussels. He was made a member of the Academia Europaea (MAE) in 2015 and of the
European Science Foundation The European Science Foundation (ESF) is an association of 11 member organizations devoted to scientific research in 8 European countries. ESF is an independent, non-governmental, non-profit organization that promotes science in Europe. It was e ...
in 2016. In 2012, he became an Honorary Member of the Linguistic Society of America, and in 2020 of the Philological Society of London.


Selected publications

* ''Grammaticalization and reanalysis in African languages''. Buske, 1984 (Co-authored by Mechthild Reh). * ''Grammaticalization: A conceptual framework''. University of Chicago Press, 1991 (Co-authored by Ulrike Claudi and Friederike Hünnemeyer). * ''Approaches to grammaticalization''. Two volumes, 1991. Benjamins (Co-edited with Elizabeth C. Traugott). * ''Auxiliaries: Cognitive forces and grammaticalization'', 1993. Oxford University Press. * ''The Mukogodo Maasai: An ethno-botanical survey'', 1994 Köppe (Co-authored by Matthias Brenzinger and Ingo Heine). * ''Swahili Plants''. Cologne: Köppe Verlag, 1995 (Co-authored by Karsten Legère). * ''Cognitive foundations of grammar''. Oxford University Press, 1997. * ''Possession: Cognitive sources, forces, and grammaticalization''. Cambridge University Press, 1997. * ''Ik dictionary''. (Nilo-Saharan, 15.) Köppe, 1999. * ''African languages: An introduction''. Cambridge University Press, 2000 (Co-edited by Derek Nurse). * ''World lexicon of grammaticalization''. Cambridge University Press, 2002 (Co-authored by Tania Kuteva). * ''Language contact and grammatical change''. Cambridge University Press, 2005 (Co-authored by Tania Kuteva). * ''The changing languages of Europe''. Oxford University Press, 2006 (Co-authored by Tania Kuteva). * ''The genesis of grammar: a reconstruction''. Oxford University Press, 2007 (Co-authored by Tania Kuteva). * ''A linguistic geography of Africa''. Cambridge University Press, 2008 (Co-edited by Derek Nurse). * ''The Oxford handbook of linguistic analysis''. Oxford University Press, 2010 (Co-edited by Heiko Narrog). * ''Grammaticalization from a typological perspective''. Oxford University Press, 2019 (Co-edited by Heiko Narrog) * ''World lexicon of grammaticalization''. Second, extensively revised and updated edition. Cambridge University Press, 2019 (Co-edited by Tania Kuteva, Bo Hong, Haiping Long, Heiko Narrog, and Seongha Rhee). * ''The Akie language of Tanzania: Texts and dictionary''. Köppe, 2020 (Co-authored by Christa König, Karsten Legère, and Ingo Heine). * ''Grammaticalization''. Oxford University Press, 2021 (Co-authored by Heiko Narrog). * ''The rise of discourse markers''. Cambridge University Press, 2021 (Co-authored by Gunther Kaltenböck, Tania Kuteva, and Haiping Long). * ''The Oxford handbook of grammaticalization''. Oxford University Press, 2021 (Co-edited by Heiko Narrog).


External links


Bernd Heine - Linguistics and African Studies
{{DEFAULTSORT:Heine, Bernd 1939 births Living people People from Morąg People from East Prussia 20th-century German linguists Linguists of Niger–Congo languages Sociolinguists University of Hamburg alumni University of Cologne alumni Academic staff of the University of Cologne Fellows of the British Academy