Bernard Jullien (2 February 1798 – 15 October 1881) was a French teacher, novelist and linguist.

Life

Jullien was born in

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

, and went to school in

Versailles The Palace of Versailles ( ; ) is a former royal residence commissioned by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, Yvelines, Versailles, about west of Paris, in the Yvelines, Yvelines Department of Île-de-France, Île-de-France region in Franc ...

. After graduating, he began his teaching career at the

Collège Sainte-Barbe The Collège Sainte-Barbe () is a former college in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. The Collège Sainte-Barbe was founded in 1460 on Montagne Sainte-Geneviève ( Latin Quarter, Paris). It was until its closure in June 1999 the "oldest ...

, going on to teach in

Dieppe Dieppe (; ; or Old Norse ) is a coastal commune in the Seine-Maritime department, Normandy, northern France. Dieppe is a seaport on the English Channel at the mouth of the river Arques. A regular ferry service runs to Newhaven in England ...

(1831-1835) and later Paris. In 1836 he graduated from the Sorbonne under

Joseph Victor Leclerc Joseph-Victor Leclerc (1789, in Paris – 1865) was a French scholar. He was professor of rhetoric at the lycée Charlemagne, then maître de conferences (equivalent to docent) at the École normale, then professor of Latin speech (''éloquence la ...

with a thesis on Aristotle's ''

Physics Physics is the scientific study of matter, its Elementary particle, fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge whi ...

'' (published in 1854 as his book ''De quelques points des sciences dans l'antiquité'') and ''Sur l'étude et l'enseignement de la grammaire'' (Paris 1836). He later also earned a degree in natural sciences. Jullien was most notable as an author of grammatical and literary textbooks for schools for the publisher

Louis Hachette Louis Christophe François Hachette (; 5 May 1800 – 31 July 1864) was a French publisher who established a Paris publishing house designed to produce books and other material to improve the system of school instruction. Publications were initia ...

. As associates of that publishing house he and

Édouard Sommer Édouard Sommer (6 April 1822, Nancy, France - July 1866, Paris) was a French philologist, novelist, translator, grammarian and lexicographer. Life Sommer took his agrégation in letters in 1846 and graduated from Dijon University in 1847 with th ...

also helped

Émile Littré Émile Maximilien Paul Littré (; 1 February 18012 June 1881) was a French lexicographer, freemason and philosopher, best known for his , commonly called . Biography Littré was born in Paris. His father, Michel-François Littré, had been a gu ...

create his dictionary. From 1840 Jullien edited the journal ''L'Enseignement. Bulletin d'éducation'' and from 1843 to 1850 he was the editor of ''Revue de l'instruction publique''. From 1854 he was also the chief editor of the monthly ''Le Correspondant''. Nostalgic for the

First French Empire The First French Empire or French Empire (; ), also known as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century. It lasted from ...

and an anti- Romantic thinker, he preferred 18th century

Age of Enlightenment The Age of Enlightenment (also the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment) was a Europe, European Intellect, intellectual and Philosophy, philosophical movement active from the late 17th to early 19th century. Chiefly valuing knowledge gained th ...

rationalism and so could not gain a foothold on the university career ladder before the rise of the

French Second Empire The Second French Empire, officially the French Empire, was the government of France from 1852 to 1870. It was established on 2 December 1852 by Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, president of France under the French Second Republic, who proclaimed hi ...

- as seen in the preface to his 1844 ''Histoire'', he felt himself unfairly treated. His thinking and wide reading fully developed under

Napoleon III Napoleon III (Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 18089 January 1873) was President of France from 1848 to 1852 and then Emperor of the French from 1852 until his deposition in 1870. He was the first president, second emperor, and last ...

in six extensive theses on grammar, literature, history, and philosophy and was more devoted to clarity than originality. His son,

Adolphe Jullien Jean Lucien Adolphe Jullien (1 June 1845 – 30 August 1932) known as Adolphe Jullien was a French journalist, author, and musicologist. He was born into a family of letters. His grandfather Bernard Jullien (1752–1826), was a prominent profes ...

, was a French musicologist and journalist.

Works

Main works

*''Histoire de la poésie française à l'époque impériale'' ou Exposé par ordre de genres de ce que les poètes français ont produit de plus remarquable depuis la fin du XVIIIe siècle jusqu'aux premières années de la Restauration, 2 vol.s, Paris 1844 (derived from lectures at the Athénée Royal 1841–1842) *(ed.) Fénelon, ''Dialogues des morts'', Paris 1847, last republished in 1893 *''Polémique sur quelques points de métrique ancienne'', Paris 1854 *''De quelques points des sciences dans l'antiquité. Physique, métrique, musique'', Paris 1854 *(Hrsg.) ''Les paradoxes littéraires de Lamotte'', ou Discours écrits par cet académicien sur les principaux genres de poèmes, Paris 1859, Genf 1971 ( Antoine Houdar de la Motte) *''L'Harmonie du langage chez les Grecs et les Romains, ou Étude sur la prononciation de la prose élevée et des vers dans les langues classiques'', Paris 1867

Theses

*Thèses de grammaire, Paris 1855 (darin: Coup d’œil sur l’histoire de la grammaire, 1-50) *Thèses de littérature, Paris 1856 *Thèses de critique et poésies, Paris 1858 *Thèses supplémentaires de métrique et de musique anciennes, de grammaire et de littérature, Paris 1861 *Thèses d'histoire et nouvelles historiques, Paris 1865 *Thèses de philosophie, Paris 1873

Textbooks

*Grammaire générale. Abrégé de la grammaire française, Dieppe 1832 *Histoire de la Grèce ancienne, Paris 1837, Tours 1838 *Abrégé de grammaire latine, Paris 1841 *Petit traité d'analyse grammaticale, Paris 1843 *Petit traité d'analyse logique, Paris 1843 *Manuel des examens dans les écoles primaires, Paris 1850 *Questions et exercices sur la Grammaire française de Lhomond, Paris 1851 *Traité complet de grammaire française, Paris 1852 *Vocabulaire grammatical de la langue française, Paris 1852 *Le language vicieux corrigé, ou Liste alphabétique des fautes les plus ordinaires dans la pronunciation, l'écriture et la construction des phrases, Paris 1853 *Manuel de la conjugaison des verbes français, Paris 1853 *Petit traité de rhétorique et de littérature, Paris 1853 *Petit traité des participes français, Paris 1853 *Explication des principales difficultés de l'enseignement de la grammaire, Paris 1854 *Les principales étymologies de la langue française précédées d'un petit traité de la dérivation et de la composition des mots, Paris 1862 *Les Éléments matériels du français, c'est-à-dire les sons de la langue française entendus ou représentés, Paris 1875 *Les Formes harmoniques du français, savoir les périodes, les vers, les stances et les refrains, Paris 1876

Bibliography

* Charles Defodon, « Jullien (Marcel Bernard) », in: Ferdinand Buisson (ed.), ''Nouveau Dictionnaire de pédagogie et d’instruction primaire'', Paris 1911 (http://www.inrp.fr/edition-electronique/lodel/dictionnaire-ferdinand-buisson/document.php?id=2971)

External links

* * http://data.bnf.fr/12213959/bernard_jullien/ {{DEFAULTSORT:Jullien, Bernard French novelists Linguists from France 1798 births 1881 deaths Writers from Paris