Bergen Cathedral () is a
cathedral
A cathedral is a church (building), church that contains the of a bishop, thus serving as the central church of a diocese, Annual conferences within Methodism, conference, or episcopate. Churches with the function of "cathedral" are usually s ...
in the city of
Bergen
Bergen (, ) is a city and municipalities of Norway, municipality in Vestland county on the Western Norway, west coast of Norway. Bergen is the list of towns and cities in Norway, second-largest city in Norway after the capital Oslo.
By May 20 ...
in
Vestland
Vestland is a Counties of Norway, county in Norway. The county is located in Western Norway, and its administrative centre is Bergen, where the executive and political leadership is based. The County governor (Norway), County Governor is based in ...
county,
Norway
Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard also form part of the Kingdom of ...
. It is the episcopal seat of the
Diocese of Bjørgvin
The Diocese of Bjørgvin () is one of the 11 dioceses that make up the Church of Norway. It includes all of the churches located in the county of Vestland in Western Norway, and those outside of Norway in the Seamen's Church. The cathedral cit ...
as well as the seat of the "Bergen domkirke"
parish
A parish is a territorial entity in many Christianity, Christian denominations, constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a priest#Christianity, priest, often termed a parish pries ...
and the seat of the
Bergen domprosti (arch-
deanery
A deanery (or decanate) is an ecclesiastical entity in the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Anglican Communion, the Evangelical Church in Germany, and the Church of Norway. A deanery is either the jurisdiction or residence of ...
). It is part of the
Church of Norway
The Church of Norway (, , , ) is an Lutheranism, evangelical Lutheran denomination of Protestant Christianity and by far the largest Christian church in Norway. Christianity became the state religion of Norway around 1020, and was established a ...
. The first recorded historical reference to this church is dated 1181. It retains its ancient dedication to
Saint Olaf. The cathedral seats about 600 people.
History
The earliest existing historical records of the church date back to the year 1181, when the peasant chief Jon Kutiza attacked
King Sverre in Bergen. According to ''
Sverris saga'', some of Sverre's men then fled into the church (then known as ''Olavskirken'' because it was dedicated to
Saint Olaf). At that time, the church was probably a regular parish church, but later, during the reign of King
Haakon IV of Norway
Haakon IV Haakonsson ( – 16 December 1263; ; ), sometimes called Haakon the Old in contrast to his namesake son, was King of Norway from 1217 to 1263. His reign lasted for 46 years, longer than any Norwegian king since Harald Fairhair. Haak ...
(1217–63),
Franciscan
The Franciscans are a group of related organizations in the Catholic Church, founded or inspired by the Italian saint Francis of Assisi. They include three independent Religious institute, religious orders for men (the Order of Friars Minor bei ...
friars must have taken over the church and built a
friary
A monastery is a building or complex of buildings comprising the domestic quarters and workplaces of monastics, monks or nuns, whether living in communities or alone (hermits). A monastery generally includes a place reserved for prayer which may ...
by it. The medieval cathedral was instead
Christ Church at
Bergenhus Fortress, a medieval royal residence in Bergen.
The first church built here had a
long church
Church building in Norway began when Christianity in Norway, Christianity was established there around the year 1000. The first buildings may have been post churches erected in the 10th or 11th century, but the evidence is inconclusive. For inst ...
design in the
Romanesque style. The
nave
The nave () is the central part of a church, stretching from the (normally western) main entrance or rear wall, to the transepts, or in a church without transepts, to the chancel. When a church contains side aisles, as in a basilica-type ...
measured about and the
choir
A choir ( ), also known as a chorale or chorus (from Latin ''chorus'', meaning 'a dance in a circle') is a musical ensemble of singers. Choral music, in turn, is the music written specifically for such an ensemble to perform or in other words ...
was including the
apse
In architecture, an apse (: apses; from Latin , 'arch, vault'; from Ancient Greek , , 'arch'; sometimes written apsis; : apsides) is a semicircular recess covered with a hemispherical Vault (architecture), vault or semi-dome, also known as an ' ...
. Not much else is known about the first stone church on this site.
The old church burned down in 1248 during a large city-wide fire and afterwards, a new stone church was built on the same site. Part of the north wall of the old church was salvaged and incorporated into the new church design. There was another fire in the church in 1270 and
Magnus Lagabøte financed the repairs afterwards. In 1463, it burned down again, but it was not fully reconstructed until the 1550s. In 1537, it was decided that the church would be the new cathedral for the diocese to replace the old cathedral at Holmen which was demolished in 1531. Despite being declared the cathedral of the post-
Reformation
The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation, was a time of major Theology, theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the p ...
Protestant diocese, the church was not fully rebuilt after the fire in 1463. Bergen's first Protestant bishop,
Gjeble Pederssøn, arranged for the completion of the church and it was completed before his death in 1557.
After the fires of 1623 and 1640, Bergen Cathedral received its current general appearance. The steeple on the
nave
The nave () is the central part of a church, stretching from the (normally western) main entrance or rear wall, to the transepts, or in a church without transepts, to the chancel. When a church contains side aisles, as in a basilica-type ...
that was built by Bishop Pederssøn, was torn down, and the current tower on the west end was built. As part of the
Second Anglo-Dutch War
The Second Anglo-Dutch War, began on 4 March 1665, and concluded with the signing of the Treaty of Breda (1667), Treaty of Breda on 31 July 1667. It was one in a series of Anglo-Dutch Wars, naval wars between Kingdom of England, England and the D ...
, the 1665
Battle of Vågen took place in the main port area of Bergen. A cannonball from the sea battle between the
English and
Dutch fleets remains embedded in the cathedral's exterior wall. In 1702, there was an extensive renovation and restoration project that was undertaken after another city-wide fire.
In 1814, this church served as an
election church ().
Together with more than 300 other parish churches across Norway, it was a polling station for elections to the 1814
Norwegian Constituent Assembly which wrote the
Constitution of Norway
The 'Constitution of Norway'' (complete name: The Constitution of the Kingdom of Norway; Danish language, Danish: ; Norwegian language, Norwegian Bokmål: ; Nynorsk, Norwegian Nynorsk: ) was adopted on 16 May and signed on 17 May 1814 by the N ...
. This was Norway's first national elections. Each
church parish was a constituency that elected people called "electors" who later met together in each county to elect the representatives for the assembly that was to meet in
Eidsvoll
Eidsvoll (; sometimes written as ''Eidsvold'') is a Municipalities of Norway, municipality in Akershus Counties of Norway, county, Norway. It is part of the Romerike Districts of Norway, traditional region. The administrative centre of the munic ...
later that year.
During the renovation in the 1880s, under the direction of architects
Christian Christie and
Peter Andreas Blix, the
Rococo
Rococo, less commonly Roccoco ( , ; or ), also known as Late Baroque, is an exceptionally ornamental and dramatic style of architecture, art and decoration which combines asymmetry, scrolling curves, gilding, white and pastel colours, sculpte ...
interiors were restored to their former
medieval
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of World history (field), global history. It began with the fall of the West ...
appearance.
Music
The present
organ
Organ and organs may refer to:
Biology
* Organ (biology), a group of tissues organized to serve a common function
* Organ system, a collection of organs that function together to carry out specific functions within the body.
Musical instruments
...
at Bergen Cathedral, by
Rieger Orgelbau, is from 1997. The organ is the fifth one in the cathedral's history; the first known organ was installed in 1549.
The cathedral is used regularly for musical concerts.
Gallery
NO-bergen-olavkirk-01.jpg, Tower
Bergen Cathedral, (Bergen domkirke) a cathedral in Bergen, Hordaland county, on a sunny summer's day, June 2015. Peter Neaum. - panoramio.jpg, Exterior
Catedral, Bergen, Noruega, 2019-09-08, DD 50.jpg,
Domkirken, Bergen....jpg,
Domkirken bg 4.jpg, Cannonball in the wall
Domkirken.bg.2.jpg, Sanctuary
Domkirken.bg.3.jpg, Interior support pillars
Bergen - Cathédrale - Choeur.JPG, Altar
Bergen Cathedral Organ.jpg , Organ
See also
*
List of cathedrals in Norway
*
List of churches in Bjørgvin
References
External links
*
Bergenskartet - Kirker og klostre - Bergen Domkirke
{{use dmy dates, date=June 2020
Cathedrals in Norway
Lutheran cathedrals in Norway
Churches in Bergen
Long churches in Norway
Stone churches in Norway
13th-century churches in Norway
Churches completed in the 1250s
12th-century establishments in Norway
Norwegian election churches
Churches dedicated to Saint Olav in Norway