Benzoyl-CoA is the thioester derived from

benzoic acid Benzoic acid () is a white (or colorless) solid organic compound with the formula , whose structure consists of a benzene ring () with a carboxyl () substituent. The benzoyl group is often abbreviated "Bz" (not to be confused with "Bn," which ...

and

coenzyme A Coenzyme A (CoA, SHCoA, CoASH) is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the Fatty acid metabolism#Synthesis, synthesis and Fatty acid metabolism#.CE.B2-Oxidation, oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvic acid, pyruvate in the citric ac ...

. The term benzoyl-CoA also include diverse conjugates of coenzyme A and aromatic carboxylic acids. Benzoate, vanillin, anthranilic acid, 4-ethylphenol, p-cresol,

phenol Phenol (also known as carbolic acid, phenolic acid, or benzenol) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula . It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile and can catch fire. The molecule consists of a phenyl group () ...

aniline Aniline (From , meaning ' indigo shrub', and ''-ine'' indicating a derived substance) is an organic compound with the formula . Consisting of a phenyl group () attached to an amino group (), aniline is the simplest aromatic amine. It is an in ...

, terephthalic acid, -hydroxybenzoic acid, and phenylalanine are all metabolized to benzoyl-CoA. Additionally, cinnamic acid">phenylalanine.html" ;"title="-hydroxybenzoic acid, and phenylalanine">-hydroxybenzoic acid, and phenylalanine are all metabolized to benzoyl-CoA. Additionally, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, toluene, caffeic acid, benzyl alcohol, and mandelic acid are suspected to be processed similarly.

As substrate for reductases

Benzoyl-CoA is a substrate for diverse reductases: 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase, benzoyl-CoA reductase, benzoyl-CoA 3-monooxygenase, benzoate-CoA ligase, 2alpha-hydroxytaxane 2-O-benzoyltransferase, anthranilate N-benzoyltransferase, biphenyl synthase, glycine N-benzoyltransferase, ornithine N-benzoyltransferase and phenylglyoxylate dehydrogenase (acylating). Benzoyl-CoA reductase converts benzoyl-CoA to cyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA, which is susceptible to hydrolysis, eventually giving acetyl coenzyme A. In this way, many aromatic compounds are biodegraded.

As a benzoyl donor

Benzoyl-CoA is a benzoyl transfer agent for the

biosynthesis Biosynthesis, i.e., chemical synthesis occurring in biological contexts, is a term most often referring to multi-step, enzyme-Catalysis, catalyzed processes where chemical substances absorbed as nutrients (or previously converted through biosynthe ...

hippuric acid Hippuric acid (Greek language, Gr. ''hippos'', horse, ''ouron'', urine) is a carboxylic acid and organic compound. It is found in urine and is formed from the combination of benzoic acid and glycine. Levels of hippuric acid rise with the consumpt ...

. Benzoyl-CoA is a substrate in the formation of xanthonoids in '' Hypericum androsaemum'' by benzophenone synthase, condensing a molecule of benzoyl-CoA with three malonyl-CoA, yielding to 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzophenone. This intermediate is subsequently converted by a benzophenone 3′-hydroxylase, a

cytochrome P450 Cytochromes P450 (P450s or CYPs) are a Protein superfamily, superfamily of enzymes containing heme as a cofactor (biochemistry), cofactor that mostly, but not exclusively, function as monooxygenases. However, they are not omnipresent; for examp ...

monooxygenase, leading to the formation of 2,3′,4,6-tetrahydroxybenzophenone. Benzoyl-CoA is a substrate of benzoyl-CoA reductase. This enzyme is responsible in part for the reductive dearomatization of aryl compounds mediated by bacteria under anaerobic conditions.Matthias Boll , Georg Fuchs , Johann Heider "Anaerobic oxidation of aromatic compounds and hydrocarbons" Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2002 Volume 6, pp. 604–611.

References

{{reflist Thioesters of coenzyme A