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The poppy seed roll is a
pastry Pastry refers to a variety of Dough, doughs (often enriched with fat or eggs), as well as the sweet and savoury Baking, baked goods made from them. The dough may be accordingly called pastry dough for clarity. Sweetened pastries are often descr ...
consisting of a roll of sweet
yeast Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom (biology), kingdom. The first yeast originated hundreds of millions of years ago, and at least 1,500 species are currently recognized. They are est ...
bread (a
sweet roll A sweet bread roll, roll or sweet bun refers to any of a number of sweet, baked, Baker's yeast, yeast-Leavening agent, leavened breakfast or dessert foods. They may contain spiced bun, spices, nut roll, nuts, fruit bun, candied fruits, etc., and ...
) with a dense, rich, bittersweet filling of
poppy seed Poppy seed is an oilseed obtained from the poppy plant (''Papaver somniferum''). The tiny, kidney-shaped seeds have been harvested from dried seed pods by various civilizations for thousands of years. It is still widely used in many countries, ...
. An alternative filling is a paste of minced
walnut A walnut is the edible seed of any tree of the genus '' Juglans'' (family Juglandaceae), particularly the Persian or English walnut, '' Juglans regia''. They are accessory fruit because the outer covering of the fruit is technically an i ...
s, or minced
chestnut The chestnuts are the deciduous trees and shrubs in the genus ''Castanea'', in the beech family Fagaceae. The name also refers to the edible nuts they produce. They are native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Description ...
s. It is popular in
Central Europe Central Europe is a geographical region of Europe between Eastern Europe, Eastern, Southern Europe, Southern, Western Europe, Western and Northern Europe, Northern Europe. Central Europe is known for its cultural diversity; however, countries in ...
and parts of
Eastern Europe Eastern Europe is a subregion of the Europe, European continent. As a largely ambiguous term, it has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, ethnic, cultural and socio-economic connotations. Its eastern boundary is marked by the Ural Mountain ...
, where it is commonly eaten at
Christmas Christmas is an annual festival commemorating Nativity of Jesus, the birth of Jesus Christ, observed primarily on December 25 as a Religion, religious and Culture, cultural celebration among billions of people Observance of Christmas by coun ...
and
Easter Easter, also called Pascha ( Aramaic: פַּסְחָא , ''paskha''; Greek: πάσχα, ''páskha'') or Resurrection Sunday, is a Christian festival and cultural holiday commemorating the resurrection of Jesus from the dead, described in t ...
time. It is traditional in several cuisines, including Polish (''strucla z makiem'', ''strucla makowa''; poppy seed cake = ''makowiec''), Kashubian (''makówc''), Hungarian (''mákos bejgli''), Slovak (''makovník''),
Czech Czech may refer to: * Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe ** Czech language ** Czechs, the people of the area ** Czech culture ** Czech cuisine * One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus *Czech (surnam ...
(''makový závin''), Austrian (''Mohnbeugel'', ''Mohnstrudel'' or ''Mohnstriezel''), Ukrainian (''zavyvanets iz makom'' завиванець із маком, or ''makivnyk'' маківник), Belarusian (''makavy rulet'' макавы рулет), Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian (''makovnjača'' or ''štrudla sa makom''), Slovenian (''makova potica''),
Romanian Romanian may refer to: *anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Romania **Romanians, an ethnic group **Romanian language, a Romance language ***Romanian dialects, variants of the Romanian language **Romanian cuisine, traditional ...
(''coardă cu mac''),
Russian Russian(s) may refer to: *Russians (), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *A citizen of Russia *Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages *''The Russians'', a b ...
(''rulet s makom'' рулет с маком), Lithuanian (''aguonų vyniotinis''), Latvian (''magonmaizite''),
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...
(''Mohnstrudel''), and Yiddish (mohn roll).


Ingredients

There are two different doughs used, one with yeast and one without. The dough is made of flour, sugar, egg yolk, milk or sour cream and butter, and yeast. The dough may be flavored with lemon or orange zest or rum. The poppy seed filling may contain ground poppy seeds, raisins, butter or milk, sugar or honey, rum and
vanilla Vanilla is a spice derived from orchids of the genus ''Vanilla (genus), Vanilla'', primarily obtained from pods of the flat-leaved vanilla (''Vanilla planifolia, V. planifolia''). ''Vanilla'' is not Autogamy, autogamous, so pollination ...
. Sometimes, apricot jam, which is one of the most popular jams used in Hungarian cuisine, is substituted for sugar. There is another similar dish called walnut roll or nut roll, which contains a filling of ground walnuts and sugar, optionally enriched with raisins, rum, butter or milk and/or lemon zest. This filling may be spiced with cinnamon, nutmeg, clove or vanilla. The dough is at first quite heavy, stiff and dry, but with kneading and resting becomes very elastic and strong. It is rolled out into a large sheet, thick or thin depending on taste. One aesthetic principle is that the dough and filling layers should be of equal thickness. Another is that more layers are better. The filling is spread over the dough, which is then rolled into a long cylinder or log. Traditional recipes usually involve brushing the log with the egg white left over from the yolk used in the dough. The unbaked log is gently transferred to a sheet pan, left to rest, then baked until golden brown. Other recipes use different washes before baking, or a glaze or icing added after baking.


Variants

The poppy seed filling is a paste of ground poppy seeds,
milk Milk is a white liquid food produced by the mammary glands of lactating mammals. It is the primary source of nutrition for young mammals (including breastfeeding, breastfed human infants) before they are able to digestion, digest solid food. ...
,
butter Butter is a dairy product made from the fat and protein components of Churning (butter), churned cream. It is a semi-solid emulsion at room temperature, consisting of approximately 81% butterfat. It is used at room temperature as a spread (food ...
,
sugar Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food. Simple sugars, also called monosaccharides, include glucose Glucose is a sugar with the Chemical formula#Molecular formula, molecul ...
and/or
honey Honey is a sweet and viscous substance made by several species of bees, the best-known of which are honey bees. Honey is made and stored to nourish bee colonies. Bees produce honey by gathering and then refining the sugary secretions of pl ...
, often with additional flavorings such as lemon zest and juice. It may have
raisin A raisin is a Dried fruit, dried grape. Raisins are produced in many regions of the world and may be eaten raw or used in cooking, baking, and brewing. In the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia and South Afri ...
s. The walnut filling is a paste of ground walnuts, milk, butter, sugar, often with additional flavorings such as
coffee Coffee is a beverage brewed from roasted, ground coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content, but decaffeinated coffee is also commercially a ...
or orange zest. A very long roll may be bent so that it fits on a baking sheet; the result is called a ''patkó'' () in Hungarian. Before baking, the roll may be given a wash of milk. The roll can be finished with a glaze or icing, made of
powdered sugar Powdered sugar, also called confectioners' sugar and icing sugar, is a finely ground sugar produced by milling granulated sugar into a powdered state. It usually contains between 2% and 5% of an anti-caking agent—such as corn starch, potato ...
and
lemon juice The lemon (''Citrus'' × ''limon'') is a species of small evergreen tree in the ''Citrus'' genus of the flowering plant family Rutaceae. A true lemon is a hybrid of the citron and the bitter orange. Its origins are uncertain, but some ...
. It is typically presented sliced. In Hungarian cuisine, the rolls, one with each filling, are served together. The combination is known as ''mákos és diós'' (poppy seed and walnut). However, in some English language cookbooks there may be no mention of the walnut filling as an alternative. Some other food writers combine the poppy seeds and walnuts together in one filling. As a new trend, a chestnut-filled variant (gesztenyés bejgli) is emerging, mainly among younger urban families. In
Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...
, poppy seed rolls, known as makowiec, typically contain an array of additives to the fillings, such as rum-soaked raisins, dried plums & apricots, chopped almonds & walnuts and candied peel. Makowiec are almost always decorated with an icing sugar glaze, often topped with chopped nuts and poppy seeds. It is also common for some poppy seed fillings to be sweetened with fruit jams, such as plum or apricot, most notably in Czech ( makový závin) and Slovak ( makovník) variants of the dessert. Due to intermingling of Polish and Czech culture, immigrants to America sometimes use the term "Kolache" to describe it. Among eastern Slavic countries, poppy seed rolls are typically quite elaborate. In Russian cuisine, poppy seed filling is often used to prepare a variety of intricate pastries, with dough being braided and woven into several unique shapes. Instead of a glaze, these rolls are usually covered in a dense egg wash and melted butter to produce a soft and spongy final product, known as rulet s makom. In Ukraine, the poppy seed roll's ( makivnyk) filling is usually made through combining ground sweetened poppy seeds with whipped egg white meringue to produce a silky and smooth texture. Poppy seed rolls in the Balkans, known in Croatian and Bosnian as makovnjača and in Serbian as štrudla sa makom, typically contain fewer flavouring additives than poppy seed rolls in central-east Europe. Some regional recipes from
Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...
,
Croatia Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a country in Central Europe, Central and Southeast Europe, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herze ...
and
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina, sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe. Situated on the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula, it borders Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to th ...
will call for pouring dried ground poppy seeds mixed with sugar straight onto the dough, drizzling some milk over the seeds to ensure the filling is not too dry. In Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine,
poppy seed paste Poppy seed paste, also known as mák (Hungarian and West Slavic languages) or mohn (German and Yiddish), is a common ingredient in Central and Eastern European cuisine It is made from ground poppy seeds and additional sweeteners. Examples of pa ...
(mohn in Yiddish) is a common filling in desserts, often featured in both leavened and unleavened recipes. Many Jewish communities from throughout
Central and Eastern Europe Central and Eastern Europe is a geopolitical term encompassing the countries in Baltic region, Northeast Europe (primarily the Baltic states, Baltics), Central Europe (primarily the Visegrád Group), Eastern Europe, and Southeast Europe (primaril ...
,
Israel Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...
and diaspora will use this paste to prepare
babka A babka, or an Ugat Shmarim (Hebrew: עוגת שמרים) is a sweet braided bread that originated in the Jewish communities of Poland and Ukraine. It is popular in Israel where it is known as a yeast cake. It is also popular in the Jewish dias ...
, a braided, open-faced version of the poppy seed roll. A similar Armenian pastry is nazook (also spelled nazuk or nazouk, Armenian Նազուկ, Persian نازوک), made from flour, butter, sugar, sour cream, yeast, vanilla extract and eggs, with a filling often of chopped nuts, and especially walnuts. Nazook is sometimes referred to as gata. Nokul or lokum is a type of
puff pastry Puff pastry, also known as , is a light, flaky pastry, its base dough () composed of wheat flour and water. Butter or other solid fat () is then layered into the dough. The dough is repeatedly rolled and folded, rested, re-rolled and folded, encas ...
made in
Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...
and
Bulgaria Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey t ...
, with variations. It consists of a rolled sheet of yeast dough onto which
feta Feta ( ; ) is a Greek brined white cheese made from sheep milk or from a mixture of sheep and goat milk. It is soft, with small or no holes, and no skin. Crumbly with a slightly grainy texture, it is formed into large blocks and aged in brin ...
-style white cheese, walnut or poppy seed is sprinkled over a thin coat of butter. The dough is then rolled, cut into individual portions, and baked. Nokul is sometimes served hot as an appetizer instead of bread.


See also

* Mohnstrudel (poppy seed strudel) **
Nut roll A nut roll is a pastry consisting of a sweet yeast dough (usually using milk) that is rolled out very thin, spread with a nut paste made from ground nuts and a sweetener like honey, then rolled up into a log shape. This 'log' is either left lon ...
*
Babka A babka, or an Ugat Shmarim (Hebrew: עוגת שמרים) is a sweet braided bread that originated in the Jewish communities of Poland and Ukraine. It is popular in Israel where it is known as a yeast cake. It is also popular in the Jewish dias ...
* Cozonac *
Hamantash A hamantash (: ''hamantashen''; also spelled ''hamantasch'', ''hamantaschen''; ''homentash'', : ''homentashn'', 'Haman pockets') is an Ashkenazi Jewish triangular filled-pocket pastry associated with the Jewish holiday of Purim. The name refer ...
* Kolacz * Makovnjača *
List of desserts A dessert is typically the sweet Course (food), course that, after the entrée and main course, concludes a meal in the culture of many countries, particularly western world, Western culture. The course usually consists of sweet foods, but may ...
* Lokum *
Tsoureki Tsoureki () also known as ''šurēk'' (), ''cöreg'', ''čʿorek'', ''katʿnahuncʿ'' (), ''çyrek'' ( Albanian), ''kozunak'' (), ''cozonac'' ( Romanian) or ''paskalya çöreği'' ( Turkish) is a sweet holiday bread made with flour, milk, butter, ...


Further reading

*


References


External links


Recipe: Hungarian BeigliRecipe: Croatian ''makovnjača''
{{Christmas Christmas food Easter food Hungarian desserts Lithuanian desserts Pastries with poppy seeds Polish desserts Czech cuisine Silesian cuisine Slavic cuisine Romani cuisine