The Beijing Convention (formally, the Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Relating to International Civil Aviation) is a 2010 treaty by which state parties agree to criminalise certain terrorist actions against civil aviation.

Creation and entry into force

The convention was concluded on 10 September 2010 at the Diplomatic Conference on Aviation Security in Beijing. (At the same conference, the

Protocol Supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft The Hague Hijacking Convention (formally the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft) is a multilateral treaty by which states agree to prohibit and punish aircraft hijacking. The convention does not apply to customs, law ...

was adopted.) Parties that ratify the Convention agree to criminalise using civil aircraft as a weapon and using dangerous materials to attack aircraft or other targets on the ground. The illegal transport of

biological Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms. It is a broad natural science that encompasses a wide range of fields and unifying principles that explain the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of ...

chemical A chemical substance is a unique form of matter with constant chemical composition and characteristic properties. Chemical substances may take the form of a single element or chemical compounds. If two or more chemical substances can be combin ...

, and

nuclear weapon A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission or atomic bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear weapon), producing a nuclear exp ...

s is also criminalised under the convention. The negotiation of a new aviation security treaty that would address emerging threats to aviation was in part prompted by the

September 11 attacks The September 11 attacks, also known as 9/11, were four coordinated Islamist terrorist suicide attacks by al-Qaeda against the United States in 2001. Nineteen terrorists hijacked four commercial airliners, crashing the first two into ...

. At the conclusion of the conference, the U.S. delegate stated that " the eve of the anniversary of the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the United States can think of no more fitting and hopeful way to mark that occasion than with the adoption of these two new major counterterrorism instruments." The treaty entered into force on 1 July 2018 following

Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...

's accession thereto. It has been signed by 34 states and ratified or acceded to by 45 (as of January 2023).

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Signatures and ratifications
{{Commercial air travel 2010 in China 2010 in aviation International Civil Aviation Organization treaties Terrorism treaties Treaties concluded in 2010 Treaties entered into force in 2018 Treaties of Angola Treaties of Bahrain Treaties of Benin Treaties of Ivory Coast Treaties of the Czech Republic Treaties of Cuba Treaties of the Dominican Republic Treaties of France Treaties of Ghana Treaties of Guyana Treaties of Kuwait Treaties of Mali Treaties of Malta Treaties of Mozambique Treaties of Myanmar Treaties of the Netherlands Treaties of Panama Treaties of Paraguay Treaties of Romania Treaties of Saint Lucia Treaties of Sierra Leone Treaties of Sweden Treaties of Switzerland Treaties of Turkey Treaties of Uganda Treaties extended to the Caribbean Netherlands

Creation and entry into force

See also

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External links