Beaune

Beaune (; in Burgundian: ''Beane'') is widely considered to be the wine capital of Burgundy in the Côte d'Or department in eastern France. It is located between Lyon and Dijon. Beaune is one of the key wine centers in France, and a major hub of Burgundy wine production and business. The annual wine auction of the Hospices de Beaune is the primary wine auction in France.

The town is surrounded by some of the world's most famous wine villages, such as Mersault or Puligny Montrachet, while the facilities and cellars of many producers, large and small, are situated in the historic center of Beaune itself, as they have been since Roman times. With a rich historical and architectural heritage, Beaune is considered the "Capital of Burgundy wines". It is an ancient and historic town on a plain by the hills of the Côte d'Or, with features remaining from the pre-Roman and Roman eras, through the medieval and renaissance periods.

Beaune is a walled city, with much of the battlements, ramparts, and the moat, having survived in good condition. The central "old town" within the walls is extensive. Historically Beaune is intimately connected with the Dukes of Burgundy.

The 15th-century Hospices de Beaune, in the town center, is one of the best preserved renaissance buildings in Europe. Other landmarks in Beaune include the old market (les Halles), the Beffroi (clock tower), and the collegiate church of Notre Dame. Beaune is the main center for the "Burgundian tile" polychrome renaissance roofing style of the region. Because of its historical importance in wine production and the unique system of '' terroir'' in the region, the town of Beaune was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2015 as part of the Climats, terroirs of Burgundy site.

Wine

Beaune is one of the key wine towns in the Côte de Beaune section of the Burgundy wine region. Although Beaune itself does not have a Grand cru named for it, it is the hub of the region's wine business, as many of Burgundy's major négociants are here. Beaune is renowned for its annual charity wine auction on behalf of the Hospices de Beaune.

It is on the '' route des Grands Crus'' which is a road that runs through the vineyards, north from Beaune to Gevrey Chambertin and Nuits-Saint-Georges and south to Nolay, Saisy and Autun.

The town

Beaune is the centre for wine industry services (such as tractors and equipment for vat-rooms) as well as a number of wine-related institutes and education facilities. The train station is served by TGV, through Dijon or Lyon.

There is a comprehensive "traditional" shopping area clustered around the central square with a focus on gourmet food, fashion, and wine, while large supermarkets, business parks, etc., are situated on the outskirts of town.

Beaune has a major fine food market on Saturdays, where there are a large number of stall holders supplying a broad selection of products and specialties from Burgundy and the surrounding regions. For example, Bresse chickens, Jura cheeses, small goods, spices, produce of every variety as well as seasonal specialties such as truffles. There is a smaller market on Wednesday, and special-event markets and festivals are held throughout the year.

Beaune attracts a large number of tourists, around 400,000 each year according to the Hôtel Dieu.

Beaune is one of a number of towns in Europe asserting a key role in the "invention of film"; a number of murals and other tourist attractions reflect this.

Technically Beaune is a commune in eastern France, a sub-prefecture of department 21, the Côte-d'Or department, in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region.

Population

Origin, geography and climate

The name "Beaune" derives from the Latinised Gaulish word "Belena", which was the name of a spring around which the settlement was established. That name in turn is derived from "Belen" or "Belenos", a god of fast-flowing water. A Roman fort was built there in the first century A.D. and it was already a prosperous wine-growing region in the 13th century.

The town is served by a small river, the "Bouzaise" (or "Bouzaize") of which the source is in a public park on the north-east edge of town.

Beaune has a semi-continental climate with an oceanic influence, seen with frequent rains in each season (though autumn has the most and summer the least) and frequent weather changes. There are significant temperature differences between the seasons, characterized by cold winters with frequent snowfall, and hot summers with sometimes violent thunderstorms. It is this climate which creates the unique environment for which the Côte d'Or is known.

Hospices de Beaune

Founded in 1442 by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of the Duke of Burgundy, who was encouraged to do so by his wife, Guigone de Salins, the Hospices are a charity running hospitals and other services for the needy. Thanks to generous donations from benefactors, they own vineyards in Burgundy.

The American Expeditionary Forces University at Beaune

At the end of WWI the American Expeditionary Forces University was established in Beaune, complete with its own chapter of Phi Beta Kappa. Faculty included Walter M. Chandler, a Progressive Party member and, later, a Republican Party member of the U.S. House of Representatives from the State of New York.

Notable people

* Louis Chevrolet (1878–1941), race car driver, co-founder of the Chevrolet Motor Car Company, co-founder of the Frontenac Motor Corporation with brothers Gaston and Arthur
* Arthur Chevrolet (1884–1946), race car driver and co-founder of the Frontenac Motor Corporation with brothers Louis and Gaston
* Gaston Chevrolet (1892–1920), 1920 Indianapolis 500 winner and 1920 AAA National Champion race car driver, co-founder of the Frontenac Motor Corporation with brothers Louis and Arthur
* Nicolas Grozelier (1692–1778), 18th-century French fabulist
* Lucien Jacob (1930-2019), politician
* Bruno Latour (1947–2022), anthropologist and an influential theorist in the field of science and technology studies
* Étienne-Jules Marey (1830–1904), scientist and chronophotographer, widely considered to be a pioneer of photography and an influential pioneer of the history of cinema
* Gaspard Monge (1746–1818), mathematician and inventor of descriptive geometry
* Enzo Peugeot (born 2005), racing driver
* Félix Ziem (1821–1911), painter in the style of the Barbizon School
* Léna Grandveau (born 2003), French handball player

International relations

Beaune is twinned with:

* Nantucket, Massachusetts, United States, since 2006
* Bensheim, Hessen, Germany, since 1960
* Malmedy, Liège Province, Belgium, since 1962
* Krems an der Donau, Lower Austria, Austria, since 1976
* Kōshū, Yamanashi, Japan, since 1976

Gallery

File:Rogier van der Weyden 002.jpg, Beaune Altarpiece, Hôtel-Dieu, Beaune
File:Nicolas Rolin.jpg, Nicolas Rolin, founder of the Hôtel-Dieu, Beaune
File:Beaune Hôtel-Dieu Innen Armensaal 3.JPG, "Salle des Pôvres", Hôtel-Dieu, Beaune
File:Hostel Dieu Beaune.jpg, Hôtel-Dieu, Beaune
File:Mairie-de-beaune.JPG, Beaune City Hall
File:Collégiale Notre-Dame de Beaune.jpg, Collégiale Notre-Dame de Beaune
File:Notre-Dame de Beaune am Tag.JPG, Notre-Dame de Beaune
File:Building of the Savings Bank of Beaune en 2016.jpg, Bâtiment de la caisse d'épargne

Climate

See also

* Communes of the Côte-d'Or department
* French wine
* List of works by Henri Chapu Sculptor of Beaune memorial 1870

References

External links

Official website

Beaune Tourism office
*

{{Authority control

Communes of Côte-d'Or
Subprefectures in France
Côte-d'Or communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
Burgundy