The Bayandur (, , ), also spelled Bayundur or Bayindir, is an

Oghuz Turkic The Oghuz languages are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family, spoken by approximately 108 million people. The three languages with the largest number of speakers are Turkish, Azerbaijani and Turkmen, which, combined, account for more ...

tribe. Originally one of the 7 original tribes that made up the

Kimek–Kipchak confederation The Kimek–Kipchak confederation was a medieval Turkic people, Turkic state formed by seven peoples, including the Yemeks and Kipchaks, in the area between the Ob River, Ob and Irtysh River, Irtysh rivers. Name Vladimir Minorsky, Minorsky, citin ...

, they later joined the Oghuz Turks. The Bayandur originated from

Central Asia Central Asia is a region of Asia consisting of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The countries as a group are also colloquially referred to as the "-stans" as all have names ending with the Persian language, Pers ...

History

The Bayandur are known from Arab and Persian sources. The Bayandur was one of the 7 original tribes that made up the Kimek confederation, along with the Imur/Imi, Imak

Tatar Tatar may refer to: Peoples * Tatars, an umbrella term for different Turkic ethnic groups bearing the name "Tatar" * Volga Tatars, a people from the Volga-Ural region of western Russia * Crimean Tatars, a people from the Crimea peninsula by the B ...

Kipchak Kipchak may refer to: * Kipchaks, a medieval Turkic people * Kipchak languages, a Turkic language group * Kipchak language, an extinct Turkic language of the Kipchak group * Kipchak Khanate or Golden Horde * Kipchak Mosque, a mosque in the villa ...

Lanikaz The Lanikaz () was a Turkic tribe or clan. They were one of seven original tribes that made up the Kimek confederation. They originated from the Central Asian steppes. The Lanikaz were one of seven original tribes that made up the Kimek confede ...

and

Ajlad The Ajlad was a Turkic tribe or clan. They were one of seven original tribes that made up the Kimek confederation. They originated from the Central Asian steppes. The Ajlad were one of seven original tribes that made up the Kimek confederation, ...

. The Kimek tribes originated in the Central Asian steppes, and had migrated to the territory of present-day

Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a European Kazakhstan, small portion in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the Kazakhstan–Russia border, north and west, China to th ...

. The Bayandur, as part of the Kimek, were mentioned by

Gardizi Abū Saʿīd ʿAbd-al-Ḥayy ibn Żaḥḥāk ibn Maḥmūd Gardīzī (), better known as Gardizi (), was an 11th-century Persian historian and official, who is notable for having written the ''Zayn al-akhbar'', one of the earliest history books ...

. The Bayandur left the Kimek and joined the Oghuz. After disintegrating, half of the tribe united with the

Kipchaks The Kipchaks, also spelled Qipchaqs, known as Polovtsians (''Polovtsy'') in Russian annals, were Turkic nomads and then a confederation that existed in the Middle Ages inhabiting parts of the Eurasian Steppe. First mentioned in the eighth cent ...

. While part of the Oghuz, they were mentioned by

Kashgari Kashgari is a Uyghur family name, meaning "the one from city of Kashgar". Kashgar is a historic city in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous region in China. The name may refer to: * Abdur Rahman Kashgari (1912-1971), Scholar of Uyghur background * Hamza K ...

. They were described in the Russian annals on 11th-century events while part of the Kipchaks.

Aq Qoyunlu

The

Aq Qoyunlu The Aq Qoyunlu or the White Sheep Turkomans (, ; ) was a culturally Persianate society, Persianate,Kaushik Roy, ''Military Transition in Early Modern Asia, 1400–1750'', (Bloomsbury, 2014), 38; "Post-Mongol Persia and Iraq were ruled by two trib ...

was referred to as ''Bayanduriyye'' in Iranian and Ottoman sources. Their sultans claimed descent from Bayindir Khan, which was a grandson of

Oghuz Khagan Oghuz Khagan or Oghuz Khan (; ; ) is a legendary khan of the Turkic people and an eponymous ancestor of Oghuz Turks. Some Turkic cultures use the legend of Oghuz Khan to describe their ethnic and tribal origins. The various versions of the narra ...

, the legendary ancestor of

Oghuz Turks The Oghuz Turks ( Middle Turkic: , ) were a western Turkic people who spoke the Oghuz branch of the Turkic language family. In the 8th century, they formed a tribal confederation conventionally named the Oghuz Yabgu State in Central Asia ...

. Professor G. L. Lewis:

Uzun Hasan Uzun Hasan or Uzun Hassan (; February or March 1425 – January 6, 1478) was a ruler of the Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman Aq Qoyunlu state and is generally considered to be its strongest ruler. Hasan ruled between 1452 and 1478 and presided ove ...

used to assert the claim that he was an "honorable descendant of Oghuz Khan and his grandson, Bayandur Khan". In a letter dating to the year 1470, which was sent to

Şehzade Bayezid Şehzade Bayezid (; 1527 – 25 September 1561) was an Ottoman prince as the son of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and Hürrem Sultan. Early years Bayezid was born in 1527 in Constantinople during the reign of his father, Suleiman the Magni ...

, the-then governor of

Amasya Amasya () is a city in northern Turkey, in the Black Sea Region. It was called Amaseia or Amasia in antiquity."Amasya" in ''Encyclopædia Britannica, The New Encyclopædia Britannica''. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 15th edn., 1992, Vol ...

, Uzun Hasan wrote that those from the Bayandur and Bayat tribes, as well as other tribes that belonged to the "Oghuz il", and formerly inhabited

Mangyshlak Mangyshlak or Mangghyshlaq Peninsula (; ) is a large peninsula located in western Kazakhstan. It borders on the Caspian Sea in the west and with the Buzachi Peninsula, a marshy sub-feature of the main peninsula, in the northeast. The Tyuleniy Ar ...

Khwarazm Khwarazm (; ; , ''Xwârazm'' or ''Xârazm'') or Chorasmia () is a large oasis region on the Amu Darya river delta in western Central Asia, bordered on the north by the (former) Aral Sea, on the east by the Kyzylkum Desert, on the south by th ...

and

Turkestan Turkestan,; ; ; ; also spelled Turkistan, is a historical region in Central Asia corresponding to the regions of Transoxiana and East Turkestan (Xinjiang). The region is located in the northwest of modern day China and to the northwest of its ...

, came and served in his court. He also made the tamga of the Bayandur tribe the symbol of his state. For this reason, the Bayandur tamga is found in Aq Qoyunlu coins, their official documents, inscriptions and flags.

Bayundur today

Today in

Turkmenistan Turkmenistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest and the Caspian Sea to the west. Ash ...

, there is a village called in the

Konye-Urgench Konye-Urgench (, ; , ), also known as Old Urgench or Urganj, was a city in north Turkmenistan, just south from its border with Uzbekistan. It is the site of the ancient town of Gurgānj, which contains the ruins of the capital of Khwarazm. Its in ...

district of the

Daşoguz Region Daşoguz Region (, formerly Daşhowuz) is one of the regions of Turkmenistan. It is in the north of the country, bordering Uzbekistan. The area of the province is 73,430 square kilometers, and the total population is 1,550,354 (2022 census).''S ...

and a spring called ''Bagandar'' in

Magtymguly District Magtymguly District (formerly Garrygala District) is a district of Balkan Province in Turkmenistan. The administrative center of the district is the city of Magtymguly, formerly named Garrygala. In 2023 it was named winner of the competition f ...

of the

Balkan Region Balkan Region () is the westernmost of the five regions of Turkmenistan. Clockwise from north it borders Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan (north); two provinces of Turkmenistan (east), Iran (south), and the Caspian Sea (west). The capital city is Balkana ...

. There are also ''urug''s (small clans) called among the

Turkmen tribes The major modern Turkmen tribes are Teke, Yomut, Ersari, Chowdur, Gokleng, and Saryk. The most numerous are the Teke. The origin of all of these tribes is traced to 24 ancient Oghuz tribes, among which the Salur tribe played a prominent r ...

of and .Ataniyazov, S. ''The Genealogy of the Turkmens'' (in Turkmen). Turan-1 Publishing House, Ashgabat, 1994. p. 61 Also, there is a village in Zanjan, Iran with name Bayindur. This village is located in the south of Zanjan city.

References

Sources

* * * * {{Oghuz tribes

History

Aq Qoyunlu

Bayundur today

See also

References

Sources