Bauhinia Variegata

''Bauhinia variegata'' is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is native to an area from China through Southeast Asia to the Indian subcontinent. Common names include orchid tree (though not belonging to the family Orchidaceae) and mountain ebony.

Description

''Bauhinia variegata'' is a small to medium-sized tree growing to tall and in diameter, deciduous in the dry season. The leaves are obcordate shaped, long and broad, rounded, and bilobed at the base and apex. The flowers are conspicuous, bright pink or white, diameter, with five petals. Pollens are elongated, approximately 75 microns in length.

The fruit is a seedpod long, containing 10–15 seeds each. The seedpod dries completely on the tree, and when mature begins to twist into a helix or corkscrew shape, (see below), ultimately exploding open—with a very audible "clack"—to deliver its seeds into the environs.

The anatomy of the stem was studied by taking transverse section. Periderm and cortex were seen distinctly. Secondary phloem was wide and continuous cylindrical, it consisted of thin and narrow straight rays, three or four cylinders of discontinuous masses of fibres and randomly distributed sieve elements. Secondary xylem was diffuse porous and it included vessels, fibres, xylem rays and xylem parenchyma. Xylem fibres had thick lignified walls or some had gelatinous walls. Xylem parenchyma cells were abundant in the xylem. Xylem rays were one cell wide; they were straight and consisted of radially elongated thick walled lignified walls. Calcium-oxalate crystals are predominantly prismatic crystals and druses type. Powder microscopical examination showed presence of fibres, parenchymatous cells, periderm and vessel elements. Histochemical analysis of stem showed presence of protein, tannin, lignin and cellulose.

The anatomy of the root was studied by taking transverse section. Secondary phloem and secondary xylem were seen distinctly. Secondary phloem had fairly wide rays, dense masses of phloem fibers and radial rows of phloem elements. Secondary xylem had much wider, thin-walled vessels which were either solitary or in radial multiples. The xylem fibers constituted gelatinous type and normal type. Calcium oxalate crystals were predominantly prismatic type. Powder microscopical examination showed presence of xylem parenchyma cells, xylem fibers and vessel elements.

In cultivation

This is a very popular ornamental tree in subtropical and tropical climates, grown for its scented flowers and also used as a food item in many South Asian cuisines. In the Neotropics, it can be used to attract hummingbirds—such as sapphire-spangled emerald (''Amazilia lactea''), glittering-bellied emerald (''Chlorostilbon lucidus''), or white-throated hummingbird (''Leucochloris albicollis'')—into gardens and parks. On the other hand, in some areas it has become naturalised and invasive.

Uses

Kachnar is a local name in the Indian subcontinent for the edible buds collected from the tree; it is widely used as an ingredient in many subcontinent recipes. Traditional kachnar curry is prepared using kachnar buds, yogurt, onions and native spices. Kachnar buds are also eaten as a stir-fried vegetable and used to make achaar, a pickle in many parts of the Indian sub-continent. It shows a good antioxidant and anticancer activity.

In Nepal, the plant is known as ''koiralo'' and the flower is known as ''koiralo ko phool'' in Nepali language. The flower and the buds are used to make Nepalese style achaar. The achar is important part of the meal served during the Ghode Jatra festival.

Gallery

Image:Pollen of Bauhinia variegata.jpg, Pollen
Image:Bauhinia variegata MHNT.BOT.2011.3.22.jpg, Seed pods and seeds – MHNT
Image:Bauhinia variegata Devakanchanam leaves Bhadrachalam.jpg, 'Camel-foot' foliage
File:Kanchan ful2 white orchid flower camel's foot tree.jpg, Bauhinia variegata flowers
Image:Bauhinia variegata var candida in Hyderabad W IMG 4659.jpg, Var. ''candida'' in Hyderabad, India
File:Bauhinia variegata var. variegata 50D 7070.jpg, Bauhinia variegata var. variegata
Image:Bauhinia variegata, Parque de la Alegría, Málaga (03).jpg, As ornamental tree in Spain
File:洋紫荊 Bauhinia variegata 20220313093543 01.jpg, Thin branches
Image:洋紫荊 Bauhinia variegata 20220313093543 04.jpg, Bauhinia variegata is almost leafless during flowering. '' Bauhinia purpurea'' and '' Bauhinia blakeana'', which are often confused with B. variegata, are leafy during flowering.
Image:Bauhinia variagata var typica and var candida growing side by side.jpg, Bauhinia variagata var typica with pink flowering and var candida with white flowering growing side by side.
Image:Bauhinia variegata var. variegata 50D 7055.jpg, Bauhinia variegata var. variegata, South Africa
Image:Bauhinia variegata var. variegata 50D 7059.jpg, Bauhinia variegata var. variegata in full boom, South Africa
File:PikiWiki Israel 19366 Bauhinia variegata in Neve-Yamin.JPG,
File:Kanchan ful2 white orchid flower.jpg,
File:Flora of India 9.jpg,
File:Bauhinia variegata in Emek Beit Shean Avenue in Modiin March 2024.jpg,
File:Bauhinia tree in bloom, March 2015.jpg, Var. ''candida'' in bloom
File:Purple Sunbird (Cinnyris asiaticus) on Bauhinia variegata var candida W IMG 4673.jpg, Var. ''candida'' buds and white flowers

References

External links

''Bauhinia variegata'' in West African plants – A Photo Guid

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Invasive Species South Africa

{{Taxonbar, from=Q840341

Bauhinia, variegata
Flora of China
Flora of the Indian subcontinent
Flora of Indo-China
Garden plants of Asia
Ornamental trees
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Trees in Buddhism
Symbols of Bihar