On June 5, 1615, the Eastern Army of

Tokugawa Ieyasu Tokugawa Ieyasu (born Matsudaira Takechiyo; 31 January 1543 – 1 June 1616) was the founder and first ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, which ruled from 1603 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. He was the third of the three "Gr ...

and the Osaka Army of

Toyotomi Hideyori was the son and designated successor of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the general who united all of Japan toward the end of the Sengoku period. His mother, Yodo-dono, was the niece of Oda Nobunaga. Early life Born in 1593, he was Hideyoshi's sec ...

clashed in

battle A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force co ...

at Dōmyōji (道明寺の戦い; Dōmyōji no tatakai),

Osaka is a Cities designated by government ordinance of Japan, designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan. It is the capital of and most populous city in Osaka Prefecture, and the List of cities in Japan, third-most populous city in J ...

. This battle was one of Japan's major historical battles between

samurai The samurai () were members of the warrior class in Japan. They were originally provincial warriors who came from wealthy landowning families who could afford to train their men to be mounted archers. In the 8th century AD, the imperial court d ...

forces. This battle was one of a number of battles that took place during the Summer Campaign of the

Siege of Osaka A siege () . is a military blockade of a city, or fortress, with the intent of conquering by attrition, or by well-prepared assault. Siege warfare (also called siegecrafts or poliorcetics) is a form of constant, low-intensity conflict charact ...

that led up to the fall of Osaka to the forces of Tokugawa and the death of Toyotomi Hideyori. A vanguard force ahead of the Osaka Army was commanded by Gotō Mototsugu. He had with him a force of 2,800 samurai and his mission was to guard against the arrival of elements of The Eastern Army. The eastern border of Osaka is protected by a natural border known as the Ikoma Mountains. Gotō was given the task of guarding the area near Komatsu-yama, a hilly area located near one of very few mountain passes. This pass in the range is created by the

Yamato River The is a river that flows through Nara Prefecture and Osaka Prefecture, Japan. It is designated Classification of rivers in Japan, Class A by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT). The river flows via towns: *Nara ...

, which runs just north of Komatsu-yama. He had planned to occupy the high ground provided by the slopes of Komatsu-yama and prevent the enemy from freely entering the flat plains of Osaka that exist once past the mountain.

Battle

On 5 June, Gotō Mototsugu and his forces were at Dōmyōji, a low-lying section of land north of Komatsu-yama on the opposite side of the Ishikawa river which is a tributary of the Yamato-gawa. In order to take their positions on Komatsu-yama they would have to ford the Ishikawa river. As they were doing so, scouts reported that the Eastern Army had exited the pass through the range and were moving up the southern slopes of Komatsu-yama. At 4:00 AM, Gotō Mototsugu and his samurai made a dash to Komatsu-yama in order to push the Tokugawa forces back. By 5:00 AM, Gotō Mototsugu was forced back to the summit of Komatsu-yama by a strong attack from the enemy. During this, Gotō Mototsugu was awaiting the planned arrival of reinforcements which had been delayed by thick fog. At 10:00 AM, Gotō Mototsugu was shot and committed ritual suicide. With his death, his remaining samurai forces lost control of Komatsu-yama and were forced to fight as they were pushed down the southern slope and across the Ishikawa river. As the fog cleared, the Osaka Army forces on the southern side of the Ishikawa river had been revealed. Susukida Kanesuke led the left flank of the Osaka Army. After advancing, the Eastern Army cleared the Ishikawa and made their way up the gentle slope of Dōmyōji. Susukida Kanesuke and his samurai fought them fiercely in an area next to Emperor Ingyo's massive tomb. Susukida Kanesuke, who was in disgrace at the time, fought and died in battle. In doing so, he redeemed his honor. Sanada Yukimura in command of the Osaka Army under Susukida Kanesuke began combat with

Date Masamune was a Japanese ''daimyō'' during the Azuchi–Momoyama period through the early Edo period. Heir to a long line of powerful feudal lords in the Tōhoku region, he went on to found the modern-day city of Sendai. An outstanding tactician, he w ...

in the area of Emperor Ōjin's Tomb and Konda

Hachiman In Japanese religion, ''Yahata'' (八幡神, ancient Shinto pronunciation) formerly in Shinto and later commonly known as Hachiman (八幡神, Japanese Buddhist pronunciation) is the syncretic divinity of archery and war, incorporating elements f ...

Shrine around 12:00 PM. By 5:00 PM Sanada Yukimura made the decision to begin a retreat towards Osaka Castle having already lost two powerful commanders. Tokugawa Tadateru, the sixth son of Tokugawa Ieyasu was given the order to pursue Sanada's force, but he refused. His refusal later led to his exile at Kōya-san. Sanada Yukimura and his army successfully disengaged in retreat from the Eastern Army.

Geographical notes

This region has been renamed Tamate-yama, but the geographic features of this battle are still referred to as part of Komatsu-yama. The pass through the range, the rivers, and tombs remain, giving any interested party the chance to visit and visualize this battle.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dōmyōji 1615 Battles involving Japan 1615 in Japan Conflicts in 1615 17th-century military history of Japan Military history of Osaka Prefecture 17th-century battles