Batlejka
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Batlejka (, Batleyka) is a Belarusian amateur
puppet theatre Puppetry is a form of theatre or performance that involves the manipulation of puppets – inanimate objects, often resembling some type of human or animal figure, that are animated or manipulated by a human called a puppeteer. Such a performan ...
. Its name is derived from the city of
Bethlehem Bethlehem is a city in the West Bank, Palestine, located about south of Jerusalem, and the capital of the Bethlehem Governorate. It had a population of people, as of . The city's economy is strongly linked to Tourism in the State of Palesti ...
Этнаграфія Беларусі: Энцыклапедыя / Рэд.: І. П. Шамякін (гал. рэд.) і інш. — Мн.: БелСЭ, 1989. and performances are traditionally given over the Christmas period. It became popular in
Belarus Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Belarus spans an a ...
in the 16th century but the peak of its popularity falls on the 18-19th centuries. It was largely forgotten during
Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
times but revived in present-day Belarus and within the
Belarusian diaspora The Belarusian diaspora () refers to emigrants from Belarus which includes their descendants. According to different researchers, there are between 2.5 and 3.5 million Belarusian descendants living outside the territory of the Republic of Bel ...
.


Puppet booth and puppets

Puppets on metal rods are led by a puppeteer hiding behind a wooden booth with doors. The booth has two levels - the upper ‘heavenly’ or ‘canonical’ level and the lower ‘earthly’ or ‘layman’ level. Puppets were traditionally made of wood and dressed in colourful  miniature clothes.


Plot


Part 1: Nativity

King Herod Herod may refer to: Members of the Herodian dynasty Members of the Herodian dynasty, named after Herod the Great, in chronological order: * Herod the Great (born c. 74 BC, ruled 37–4 BC or 1 BC), client king of Judea who expanded the Second Tem ...
learns from the
Three Kings In Christianity, the Biblical Magi ( or ; singular: ), also known as the Three Wise Men, Three Kings, and Three Magi, are distinguished foreigners who visit Jesus after his birth, bearing gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh in homage to hi ...
that the Saviour is born. Considering him a rival, King Herod decides to kill
Jesus Jesus (AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ, Jesus of Nazareth, and many Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament, other names and titles, was a 1st-century Jewish preacher and religious leader. He is the Jesus in Chris ...
. He order a soldier to go to Bethlehem and kill all newly born babies. The soldier obeys the order and kills all babies except a baby of Rachael. Angry Herod orders to kill Rachael's baby too. Herod pays with his life for these crimes - the Death beheads Herod and his body is taken to Hell by the Devil. The soldier soon follows his master.


Part 2: Folk scenes

This part comprises a number of humorous and satirical episodes involving multiple characters - peasants, tradesmen, aristocracy, etc. While Part 1 was performed throughout Belarus with little variations, Part 2 varies significantly depending on the geographical region of the performance and the imagination of a particular puppeteer.


References


Further reading

* Барышаў Г.I., Саннiкаў А. К. Беларускі народны тэатр батлейка. Мн., 1962; * Бaрышев Г. И. Художественное оформление белорусского кукольного театра батлейки // Белорусское искусство. Сб. статей и материалов, Минск, 1957; * Бессонов П. Белорусские песни, M., 1871; * Бядуля З. Бэтлейка и Беларускі тэатр // Вестник Нар. Комиссариата просвещения ССРБ, Минск, 1922. С. 3–4, 11–12; * Вертеп в Могилеве // Могилевские Губернские Ведомости, 1866, No. 4. стр. 26–29. * Давидова М. Г. Вертепный театр в русской традиционной культуре // Альманах Традиционная культура No. 1’2002; * Дзешавой А. Докшыцкі лялечнік // «Маладосць», 1958, No. 9. * Збірайце матэр’ялы аб бэтлейцы! // «Наша Ніва», Вільня, 1910, No. 44-45, С. 83–84; * Карский Е. Ф. Рождественская вертепная драма // Белорусы, т. 3, ып.3, П., 1922; * Кізіма С.А., Лянцэвіч В.М., Самахвалаў Дз.С. Гісторыя Беларусі: Курс лекцый. – Мн.: Выд-ва МІК, 2003. – 91 с.; * Красьнянскі В. Батлейка віцебскага аддзяленьня беларускага Дзяржаўнага музэю // Інстытут беларускае культуры. Запіскі аддзелу гуманітарных навук, кн. 6 — Працы камісіі гісторыі мастацтва, т. 1, сш. 1, Менск, 1928; * Лабовіч А. Першая экспазіцыя Дзяржаўнага музея гісторыі тэатральнай і музычнай культуры // Беларускі гістарычны часопіс. No. 3’2003; * Лозка А. Беларуская батлейка: Каляндарныя i абрадавыя гульнi. Мн., 1997; * Перетц В. Н. Кукольный театр на Руси (Исторический очерк) // Ежегодник императорских театров. — Приложения. — Кн. 1. — Спб., 1895. — С. 85-185. * Романов Е. Белорусские тексты вертепного действа. Могилев, 1898. С. 45–46, 49–52; * Саўчук Н. Беларуская батлейка // Беларускі гістарычны часопіс. No. 3’2003; * Шeйн П. В. Вертеп, или бетлейки (батлейки) // Материалы для изучения быта и языка русского населения Северо-Западного края, т. 3, СПб, 1902; * Эpeмич И. Очерки белорусского Полесья // Вестник Западной России, Вильно, 1867, кн. 10, т. 4, отд. 4; * Юшкевич С. Небо и земля: сценарии для батлейки / С. Юшкевич, И. Лой, А. Досина, Н. Куксачёв. Мн.: Зорны верасень, 2008. {{Nativity of Jesus Puppet theaters Theatre in Belarus Slavic Christmas traditions Belarusian traditions Folk plays Belarusian humour Belarusian satire