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Bathabile Dlamini (born 10 September 1962) is a South African politician who was the President of the
African National Congress The African National Congress (ANC) is a political party in South Africa. It originated as a liberation movement known for its opposition to apartheid and has governed the country since 1994, when the 1994 South African general election, fir ...
(ANC)
Women's League Women's League may refer to: Sports Association football * Bulgarian Women's League, top level league of women's football in Bulgaria * Danish Women's League, top-flight semi-professional football league in Denmark * Indian Women's League, top ...
from 2015 to 2022. She was previously the Minister in the Presidency for Women from 2018 to 2019 and the Minister of Social Development from 2010 to 2018. A
social work Social work is an academic discipline and practice-based profession concerned with meeting the basic needs of individuals, families, groups, communities, and society as a whole to enhance their individual and collective well-being. Social wo ...
er by training, Dlamini rose to national political prominence in the ANC Women's League, where she was Secretary General from 1998 to 2008. She was also a Member of Parliament between 1994 and 2004. In 2006, she was convicted of having defrauded Parliament in the Travelgate scandal. She was first elected to the ANC National Executive Committee in
2007 2007 was designated as the International Heliophysical Year and the International Polar Year. Events January * January 1 **Bulgaria and Romania 2007 enlargement of the European Union, join the European Union, while Slovenia joins the Eur ...
and became an outspoken supporter of former President
Jacob Zuma Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma (; born 12 April 1942) is a South African politician who served as the fourth president of South Africa from 2009 to 2018. He is also referred to by his initials JZ and clan names Nxamalala and Msholozi. Zuma was a for ...
, who appointed her to his cabinet. Although she served briefly as Minister for Women under Zuma's successor,
Cyril Ramaphosa Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa (born 17 November 1952) is a South African businessman and politician serving as the 5th and current President of South Africa since 2018. A former Anti-Apartheid Movement, anti-apartheid activist and trade union leade ...
, she was removed from the cabinet after the May 2019 general election and resigned from the
National Assembly In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the repr ...
the following month. As Social Development Minister, Dlamini was a central figure in the 2017 social grants crisis which nearly disabled the
South African Social Security Agency The South African Social Security Agency (SASSA) is a national agency of the South African government created in April 2005 to administer South Africa's social security system, including by distributing social grants, on behalf of the Department ...
and social welfare system. The
Constitutional Court A constitutional court is a high court that deals primarily with constitutional law. Its main authority is to rule on whether laws that are challenged are in fact unconstitutional, i.e. whether they conflict with constitutionally established ru ...
and an official inquiry into her conduct both concluded that her personal
negligence Negligence ( Lat. ''negligentia'') is a failure to exercise appropriate care expected to be exercised in similar circumstances. Within the scope of tort law, negligence pertains to harm caused by the violation of a duty of care through a neg ...
had contributed to the crisis. In April 2022, she was additionally convicted of
perjury Perjury (also known as forswearing) is the intentional act of swearing a false oath or falsifying an affirmation to tell the truth, whether spoken or in writing, concerning matters material to an official proceeding."Perjury The act or an insta ...
for having lied under oath during the inquiry. In the same month, she was removed as President of the ANC Women's League when the ANC disbanded the league's leadership corps on the grounds that it had exceeded its five-year term. Her perjury conviction also disqualified her from standing for election to a fourth five-year term on the ANC National Executive Committee.


Early life and career

Bathabile Olive Dlamini was born on 10 September 1962 in Nquthu in what was then
Natal province The Province of Natal (), commonly called Natal, was a province of South Africa from May 1910 until May 1994. Its capital was Pietermaritzburg. During this period rural areas inhabited by the black African population of Natal were organised int ...
, now part of
KwaZulu-Natal KwaZulu-Natal (, also referred to as KZN) is a Provinces of South Africa, province of South Africa that was created in 1994 when the government merged the Zulu people, Zulu bantustan of KwaZulu ("Place of the Zulu" in Zulu language, Zulu) and ...
. She grew up in Matshensikazi, near Nkandla, and in
Imbali Imbali is a township in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It is 15 km from Pietermaritzburg, the capital city of KwaZulu-Natal. Imbali was founded in the early 1960s when people were moving away from the rural areas to look for employment in the ...
, a
township A township is a form of human settlement or administrative subdivision. Its exact definition varies among countries. Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, this tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Canad ...
outside
Pietermaritzburg Pietermaritzburg (; ) is the capital and second-largest city in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa after Durban. It was named in 1838 and is currently governed by the Msunduzi Local Municipality. The town was named in Zulu after King ...
. In 1983, she was a founding member of Imbali Youth Organisation, a civic organisation affiliated to the United Democratic Front. She joined the South African National Students Congress, another
Congress A congress is a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups. The term originated in Late Middle English to denote an encounter (meeting of ...
-aligned organisation, in 1985. In 1989, she graduated from the
University of Zululand The University of Zululand or UNIZULU is a comprehensive tertiary educational institution north of the uThukela River in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The university has established partnerships with schools in the United States and Europe suc ...
with a
Bachelor of Arts A Bachelor of Arts (abbreviated B.A., BA, A.B. or AB; from the Latin ', ', or ') is the holder of a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the liberal arts, or, in some cases, other disciplines. A Bachelor of Arts deg ...
in
social work Social work is an academic discipline and practice-based profession concerned with meeting the basic needs of individuals, families, groups, communities, and society as a whole to enhance their individual and collective well-being. Social wo ...
. From 1991 to 1993, she worked as a social worker at a
non-governmental organisation A non-governmental organization (NGO) is an independent, typically nonprofit organization that operates outside government control, though it may get a significant percentage of its funding from government or corporate sources. NGOs often focus ...
for the
physically disabled A physical disability is a limitation on a person's physical functioning, mobility, dexterity or stamina. Other physical disabilities include impairments which limit other facets of daily living, such as respiratory disorders, blindness, epilepsy ...
called the Pietermaritzburg Cripples Association. During the same period, from 1991, Dlamini was part of the interim regional leadership of the
African National Congress The African National Congress (ANC) is a political party in South Africa. It originated as a liberation movement known for its opposition to apartheid and has governed the country since 1994, when the 1994 South African general election, fir ...
(ANC)
Women's League Women's League may refer to: Sports Association football * Bulgarian Women's League, top level league of women's football in Bulgaria * Danish Women's League, top-flight semi-professional football league in Denmark * Indian Women's League, top ...
(ANCWL) in the Natal Midlands. The ANC had recently been unbanned by the
apartheid Apartheid ( , especially South African English:  , ; , ) was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) from 1948 to the early 1990s. It was characterised by an ...
government and the interim leadership was tasked with rebuilding the organisational structures of the ANCWL inside South Africa. She was formally elected as the Regional Secretary of the ANCWL in the Natal Midlands in 1992 and held that position until December 1993, when she was elected Deputy
Secretary General Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, Power (social and political), power, or importance in the organization. Secretaries announce important events and communicate to the org ...
of the national ANCWL, serving under Secretary General
Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula Nosiviwe Noluthando Mapisa-Nqakula (; born 13 November 1956) is a South African politician of the African National Congress (ANC). She was a Cabinet of South Africa, cabinet minister from 2004 to 2021 and the Speaker of the National Assembly of ...
.


Parliamentary career

In South Africa's first post-apartheid election in 1994, Dlamini was elected as a
Member of the National Assembly In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the represen ...
, the lower house of the new
South African Parliament The Parliament of the Republic of South Africa is South Africa's legislature. It is located in Cape Town; the country's legislative capital. Under the present Constitution of South Africa, the bicameral Parliament comprises a National Asse ...
. Between then and 2004, she served on the Portfolio Committees of Correctional Services and
Social Development Social development can refer to: * Psychosocial development * Social change Social change is the alteration of the social order of a society which may include changes in social institutions, social behaviours or social relations. Sustained at ...
. Simultaneously, she was Secretary General of the ANCWL, a position which she held from 1998 to 2008.


Travelgate

In 2005, Dlamini was one of the politicians implicated by the
Scorpions Scorpions are predatory arachnids of the Order (biology), order Scorpiones. They have eight legs and are easily recognized by a pair of Chela (organ), grasping pincers and a narrow, segmented tail, often carried in a characteristic forward cur ...
in South Africa's Travelgate scandal, which concerned the abuse of parliamentary travel vouchers. The
National Prosecuting Authority The National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) is the agency of the South African Government responsible for state prosecutions. Under Section 179 of the South African Constitution and the National Prosecuting Authority Act of 1998, which establi ...
alleged that Dlamini had used parliamentary travel vouchers – designated for
air travel Air travel is a form of travel in vehicles such as airplanes, jet aircraft, helicopters, hot air balloons, blimps, Glider (aircraft), gliders, Hang gliding, hang gliders, parachuting, parachutes, or anything else that can sustain flight.
expenses only – to cover the costs of hotel accommodation, car rentals, and other benefits. The following year, in October 2006, she pled guilty to
fraud In law, fraud is intent (law), intentional deception to deprive a victim of a legal right or to gain from a victim unlawfully or unfairly. Fraud can violate Civil law (common law), civil law (e.g., a fraud victim may sue the fraud perpetrato ...
in relation to an amount of R254,000 and was
sentenced Sentenced was a Finnish gothic metal band that played melodic death metal in their early years. The band formed in 1989 in the town of Muhos and broke up in 2005. Lead guitarist Miika Tenkula was the band's vocalist for the first album, but du ...
to a R120,000 fine or ten years'
imprisonment Imprisonment or incarceration is the restraint of a person's liberty for any cause whatsoever, whether by authority of the government, or by a person acting without such authority. In the latter case it is considered " false imprisonment". Impri ...
with five years suspended. She paid the fine.


Party positions

After her conviction, Dlamini retained her position as ANCWL Secretary General, having been elected to a second five-year term in 2003. She also became involved in the foundation of the Progressive Women's Movement of South Africa, launched in 2006. Within the ANC, Dlamini – unlike the rest of the ANCWL leadership, then headed by Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula – was a strong supporter of ANC Deputy President
Jacob Zuma Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma (; born 12 April 1942) is a South African politician who served as the fourth president of South Africa from 2009 to 2018. He is also referred to by his initials JZ and clan names Nxamalala and Msholozi. Zuma was a for ...
, who ultimately succeeded in ousting
Thabo Mbeki Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki (; born 18 June 1942) is a South African politician who served as the 2nd democratic president of South Africa from 14 June 1999 to 24 September 2008, when he resigned at the request of his party, the African National Cong ...
from the ANC presidency at the party's 52nd National Conference in December 2007. At the same conference, Dlamini was elected to a five-year term on the National Executive Committee of the mainstream ANC, and she simultaneously served on the party's
National Working Committee The PDP National Working Committee, also known by its acronym NWC, is the Committee#Executive committee, executive committee of the People's Democratic Party (Nigeria), People's Democratic Party in Nigeria. The NWC is composed of 12 members, all o ...
. At the conclusion of her term as ANCWL Secretary General, Dlamini stood to succeed Mapisa-Nqakula as ANCWL President, but in July 2008 she was defeated in a vote by
Angie Motshekga Matsie Angelina "Angie" Motshekga (born 19 June 1955) is a South African politician and educator who is currently serving as the Minister of Defense and Military Veterans since 3 July 2024. She served as the acting president of the Republic of ...
. However, Dlamini was elected to an ordinary seat on the ANCWL National Executive Committee. In 2008, she also worked as a full-time employee of the ANC as a sectoral work co-ordinator in the office of newly elected ANC President Zuma.


Career in cabinet


Ministry of Social Development: 2009–2018

Dlamini was re-elected to a seat in the National Assembly in the 2009 general election, which also saw Zuma elected as
President of South Africa The president of South Africa is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of South Africa. The president directs the executive branch of the government and is the commander-in-chief of the South African National Defence F ...
. On 11 May 2009, Zuma appointed her Deputy Minister of Social Development under Minister
Edna Molewa Bomo Edith Edna Molewa (23 March 195722 September 2018), formerly known as Edna Sethema, was a South African politician and member of the African National Congress. Molewa became the Minister of Water and Environmental Affairs of South Africa ...
. She served as Deputy Minister until 31 October 2010, when Zuma announced a
cabinet reshuffle A cabinet reshuffle or shuffle occurs when a head of government rotates or changes the composition of ministers in their cabinet, or when the head of state changes the head of government and a number of ministers. They are more common in parliam ...
in which Dlamini replaced Molewa as Minister of Social Development. Dlamini remained in the social development portfolio for the rest of Zuma's presidency, securing appointment to his second cabinet after the 2014 general election. As Minister, she chaired the inter-ministerial committees on
gender-based violence Gender-related violence or gender-based violence (GBV) refers to any kind of violence directed against people due to their gender or gender identification, culture may have a role to play, being lower in egalitarianism societies and higher, sexist ...
, combating
substance abuse Substance misuse, also known as drug misuse or, in older vernacular, substance abuse, is the use of a drug in amounts or by methods that are harmful to the individual or others. It is a form of substance-related disorder, differing definition ...
, and
early childhood development Early childhood development is the period of rapid physical, psychological and social growth and change that begins before birth and extends into early childhood. While early childhood is not well defined, one source asserts that the early years b ...
. During her tenure, the gender-based violence committee launched the Gender-Based Violence Command Centre, a 24-hour
call centre A call centre ( Commonwealth spelling) or call center ( American spelling; see spelling differences) is a managed capability that can be centralised or remote that is used for receiving or transmitting a large volume of enquiries by telephone ...
which counselled victims of gender-based violence.


Ministerial expenses

In June 2016, the opposition Democratic Alliance (DA) criticised Dlamini for arguing that social grant recipients should be able to survive on a monthly payment of R753, pointing out that she had herself spent R11,000 on a short stay in a luxury hotel in Umhlanga Rocks. Later that year, the ''
Sunday Times ''The Sunday Times'' is a British Sunday newspaper whose circulation makes it the largest in Britain's quality press market category. It was founded in 1821 as ''The New Observer''. It is published by Times Newspapers Ltd, a subsidiary of N ...
'' reported that the Department of Social Development had spent R1.3 million on Dlamini's ministerial vehicle, a
BMW Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, trading as BMW Group (commonly abbreviated to BMW (), sometimes anglicised as Bavarian Motor Works), is a German multinational manufacturer of vehicles and motorcycles headquartered in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. Th ...
740i, as well as R1.1 million on a
Jeep Grand Cherokee The Jeep Grand Cherokee is a range of mid-sized sport utility vehicles produced by American manufacturer Jeep. At its introduction, while most SUVs were still manufactured with body-on-frame construction, the Grand Cherokee has used a unibody ...
for her deputy, Hendrietta Bogopane-Zulu; both expenditures exceeded the
National Treasury A treasury is either *A government department related to finance and taxation, a finance ministry; in a business context, corporate treasury. *A place or location where treasure, such as currency or precious items are kept. These can be state ...
's procurement limit for official vehicles. In May 2017, under questioning by Parliament's
Standing Committee on Public Accounts The Standing Committee on Public Accounts (SCOPA; Afrikaans: ''Staande Komitee oor Openbare Rekeninge'') is a standing committee of the National Assembly of South Africa, the lower house of the Parliament of South Africa. It oversees the financial ...
, Dlamini admitted that the
South African Social Security Agency The South African Social Security Agency (SASSA) is a national agency of the South African government created in April 2005 to administer South Africa's social security system, including by distributing social grants, on behalf of the Department ...
(SASSA) had paid from its budget to hire
private security A private security company is a business entity which provides armed or unarmed security services and expertise to clients in the private or public sectors. Overview Private security companies are defined by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistic ...
for her children, according to her because of various threats to the children's safety. In 2018, Dlamini's successor as Social Development Minister,
Susan Shabangu Susan Shabangu (born 28 February 1956) is a South African politician and former trade unionist. She represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly of South Africa between May 1994 and June 2019. During that time she was ...
, reported that SASSA had spent just over R2 million on these protection services in the 2014/2015
financial year A fiscal year (also known as a financial year, or sometimes budget year) is used in government accounting, which varies between countries, and for budget purposes. It is also used for financial reporting by businesses and other organizations. La ...
and that the department was undertaking steps to recoup the money spent.


Grants crisis

In 2014, the South African
Constitutional Court A constitutional court is a high court that deals primarily with constitutional law. Its main authority is to rule on whether laws that are challenged are in fact unconstitutional, i.e. whether they conflict with constitutionally established ru ...
ruled that SASSA had followed an improper
tendering An invitation to tender (ITT, also known as a call for bids or a request for tenders) is a formal, structured procedure for generating competing offers from different potential suppliers or contractors looking to obtain an award of business activ ...
procedure in arranging a contract with a private company, Cash Paymaster Services, which was hired to distribute South Africa's social grants (at that time worth R10 billion each month) to beneficiaries. The court declared the Cash Paymaster Services contract invalid and ordered SASSA to rerun the tender process. When the process was rerun, SASSA extended the Cash Paymasters Services until 1 April 2017 but decided that, upon the expiry of the contract, it would in-source the distribution of social grants and pay out the grants itself. However, by mid-March 2017, SASSA had not prepared to take over grants distribution nor found an alternative service provider, raising fears – dismissed by Dlamini, SASSA's political custodian – that grants would not be paid in April, with disastrous effects for the 17 million residents dependent on them. The crisis was ameliorated on 17 March, when the Constitutional Court responded to an application by
Black Sash The Black Sash is a South African human rights organisation. It was founded in Johannesburg in 1955 as a non-violent resistance organisation for liberal white women. Origins The Black Sash was founded on 19 May 1955 by six middle-class white ...
(joined by Corruption Watch, the
South African Post Office The South African Post Office (often referred to as SA Post Office, or simply SAPO) is the national postal service of South Africa. As a state owned enterprise, its only shareholder is the South African government. With the institution that ev ...
, and others) and ordered SASSA to extend the contract with Cash Paymaster Services for another year. During the crisis, President Zuma defended Dlamini, dismissing calls to fire her and saying that her performance in the matter could not be evaluated until the 1 April deadline passed. However, Dlamini was widely criticised for her inaction in the months and years before the contract's expiry, as well as for her handling of the media during the crisis. She claimed that she had not taken action earlier because it was not until October 2016 that she became aware that SASSA was not prepared to implement the proposed takeover. In the 17 March judgement, written by Justice Johan Froneman with the full bench concurring, the Constitutional Court singled out Dlamini as partly personally responsible for causing the crisis and concluded that she, as the Minister responsible for SASSA, was "ultimately responsible" for the crisis in its entirety. Echoing the sentiment expressed by Chief Justice
Mogoeng Mogoeng Mogoeng Thomas Reetsang Mogoeng (born 14 January 1961) is a South African jurist who served as the Chief Justice of South Africa from 8 September 2011 until his retirement on 11 October 2021. Early life Mogoeng was born on 14 January 1961 in G ...
during
oral argument Oral arguments are spoken presentations to a judge or appellate court by a lawyer (or parties when representing themselves) of the legal reasons why they should prevail. Oral argument at the appellate level accompanies written briefs, which also ...
s, Froneman wrote that "there is no indication... that
lamini Lamini (members are called ''lamines'') is a tribe of the subfamily Camelinae. It contains one extant genus with four species, all exclusively from South America: llamas, alpacas, vicuñas, and guanacos. The former two are domesticated species, ...
showed any interest in SASSA's progress" until late 2016. Indeed,
constitutional law Constitutional law is a body of law which defines the role, powers, and structure of different entities within a state, namely, the executive, the parliament or legislature, and the judiciary; as well as the basic rights of citizens and, in ...
expert
Pierre de Vos Pierre Francois de Vos (born 29 June 1963) is a South African constitutional law academic. He holds the Claude Leon Foundation Chair in Constitutional Governance at the University of Cape Town (UCT). Before taking up that position in July 2009, ...
said that the judgement contained "the most scathing criticism of a member of the executive that I have ever seen". The Constitutional Court subsequently appointed retired judge Bernard Ngoepe to conduct an official inquiry into Dlamini's personal role and conduct in the crisis. In May 2018 – by which time Dlamini had left the Social Development portfolio – Ngoepe reported back to the court that Dlamini's conduct as Minister had been "reckless" and " grossly negligent". In September of that year, on the basis of Ngoepe's report, the court ruled unanimously that part of the responsibility for the grants crisis was due to Dlamini, who had been personally negligent. She was served with a personal cost order and instructed to pay 20% of the legal costs in the case that had been brought earlier by Black Sash. The Ngoepe inquiry and related Constitutional Court finding also led ultimately to Dlamini's criminal conviction on a charge of
perjury Perjury (also known as forswearing) is the intentional act of swearing a false oath or falsifying an affirmation to tell the truth, whether spoken or in writing, concerning matters material to an official proceeding."Perjury The act or an insta ...
.


Absenteeism

During and after the grants crisis, Dlamini was harshly criticised by other Members of Parliament, including in the ANC caucus, for her non-attendance at meetings of
parliamentary committees A committee or commission is a body of one or more persons subordinate to a deliberative assembly or other form of organization. A committee may not itself be considered to be a form of assembly or a decision-making body. Usually, an assembly o ...
which sought to probe the crisis. Her attendance had been very good in 2016 but between January and May 2017 both she and her Deputy Minister missed six of nine committee meetings at which their presence had been expected. Among other meetings in 2017, Dlamini failed to appear at a Standing Committee on Public Accounts meeting about SASSA's poor
audit An audit is an "independent examination of financial information of any entity, whether profit oriented or not, irrespective of its size or legal form when such an examination is conducted with a view to express an opinion thereon." Auditing al ...
performance and plans for the grants switchover, and later she failed to appear at two separate meetings about her Department's 2017/2018 annual budget and performance plan.


President of the ANC Women's League: 2015–2022

In the early hours of 8 August 2015, at the ANCWL's national elective conference in
Pretoria Pretoria ( ; ) is the Capital of South Africa, administrative capital of South Africa, serving as the seat of the Executive (government), executive branch of government, and as the host to all foreign embassies to the country. Pretoria strad ...
, Dlamini was elected ANCWL President. She beat Basic Education Minister Angie Motshekga, who was running for re-election, with 1,537 votes to Motshekga's 1,081. Dlamini was also re-elected to the mainstream ANC's National Executive Committee at the party's 53rd National Conference in December 2012 and again at its 54th National Conference in December 2017. During Dlamini's tenure as league president, the ANCWL became known as an outspoken supporter of controversial President Zuma. In 2016, Dlamini famously told the
SABC The South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) is the public broadcaster in South Africa, and provides 19 radio stations (Amplitude modulation, AM/Frequency modulation, FM) as well as 6 television broadcasts and 3 OTT Services to the general ...
that senior ANC members should hesitate to discuss publicly allegations of
state capture State capture is a type of systemic political corruption in which private interests significantly influence a state's decision-making processes to their own advantage. The term was first used by the World Bank in 2000 to describe certain Central ...
under Zuma's administration, because "All of us in the NEC NC National Executive Committeehave our ''smallanyana'' tiny little"
skeletons A skeleton is the structural frame that supports the body of most animals. There are several types of skeletons, including the exoskeleton, which is a rigid outer shell that holds up an organism's shape; the endoskeleton, a rigid internal fram ...
and we don't want to take out skeletons because all hell will break loose". Ahead of the ANC's 54th National Conference in 2017, Dlamini supported Zuma's unsuccessful campaign to have
Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma Nkosazana Clarice Dlamini-Zuma (; born 27 January 1949), sometimes referred to by her initials NDZ, is a South Africa, South African politician, medical doctor and former anti-apartheid activist. A longstanding member of the African National Con ...
elected as his successor. Dlamini remained ANCWL President until 2022, despite having been elected for what was, in terms of the league's
constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organization or other type of entity, and commonly determines how that entity is to be governed. When these pri ...
, a five-year term. In April 2022, shortly after Dlamini's criminal conviction , the ANC National Executive Committee announced that it would disband the national executive of the ANCWL because the leaders had exceeded their terms. The disbandment ended Dlamini and other national leaders' terms, and leadership of the ANCWL was entrusted to an interim task team, pending fresh leadership elections; Dlamini was not appointed to the task team. Dlamini attempted to stage a political comeback in July 2023 as the Women's League held its first elective conference since 2015. Her ambitions were dashed when it was revealed that she had received the fewest nominations for the position of president of the Women's League; she had only managed to secure 258 branch nominations, far behind her competitors Sisisi Tolashe and Thembeka Mchunu, who received 1,564 and 796 nominations, respectively. On 23 July 2023, Tolashe was announced as the new president of the Women's League, defeating Mchunu and Dlamini by a huge margin; Dlamini had received the fewest votes from delegates for the position, finishing last with 170 votes while Mchunu and Tolashe received 1,038 and 1,729 votes, respectively.


Ministry of Women: 2018–2019

In late February 2018, Zuma resigned as national President and his successor,
Cyril Ramaphosa Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa (born 17 November 1952) is a South African businessman and politician serving as the 5th and current President of South Africa since 2018. A former Anti-Apartheid Movement, anti-apartheid activist and trade union leade ...
, appointed Dlamini to his cabinet as Minister for Women, in which capacity she was technically a
Minister in the Presidency The minister in the presidency is a Minister (government), minister in the Cabinet of South Africa, appointed by the President of South Africa. The minister has general responsibility for portfolios in the President of South Africa, Office of th ...
. She held that portfolio until 25 May 2019, when, following the 2019 general election, she was removed from Ramaphosa's cabinet. She was re-elected to her seat in Parliament, having been ranked 14th on the ANC's
party list An electoral list is a grouping of candidates for election, usually found in proportional or mixed electoral systems, but also in some plurality electoral systems. An electoral list can be registered by a political party (a party list) or can c ...
, but she resigned shortly after the election in June 2019.


Perjury

The 2018 report of the Ngoepe inquiry into the social grants crisis suggested that Dlamini had been dishonest, as well as negligent, during the crisis. Ngoepe reported to the Constitutional Court that, during the inquiry, Dlamini had been highly evasive and had made statements which were contradicted by other evidence. In particular, other witnesses, and a copy of a letter written by Dlamini in 2017, strongly suggested that Dlamini had been closely involved in setting up parallel "work streams" which reported directly to her as minister and which trenched on SASSA's functions, undermining the agency's efficacy. Dlamini denied this, and Ngoepe suggested that her denial was false and self-serving. In its September 2018 judgement, the Constitutional Court concurred with Ngoepe that Dlamini had provided false or misleading evidence
under oath Traditionally, an oath (from Anglo-Saxon ', also a plight) is a statement of fact or a promise taken by a sacrality as a sign of verity. A common legal substitute for those who object to making sacred oaths is to give an affirmation instead. ...
, and it referred Ngoepe's report to the National Prosecuting Authority, which it recommended should investigate Dlamini on a possible criminal perjury charge. DA politician Bridget Masango laid a formal complaint with the
Public Protector The Public Protector in South Africa is one of six independent state institutions set up by the country's Constitution to support and defend democracy. According to Section 181 of the Constitution: * These institutions are independent, and subj ...
, alleging that Dlamini had lied to Parliament in May 2016 when she assured the National Assembly that SASSA would be able to take over social grants payments from April 2017; the Public Protector,
Busisiwe Mkhwebane Busisiwe Mkhwebane is a South African advocate and prosecutor served as the 4th Public Protector of South Africa from October 2016 until her impeachment in September 2023. Following her impeachment, she served as a Member of the National Assem ...
, reported in 2019 that she could not "substantiate" Masango's claim that Dlamini's promise had violated the Executive Ethics Code.


Conviction

However, Dlamini was indeed charged with perjury and made her first appearance in the
Johannesburg Johannesburg ( , , ; Zulu language, Zulu and Xhosa language, Xhosa: eGoli ) (colloquially known as Jozi, Joburg, Jo'burg or "The City of Gold") is the most populous city in South Africa. With 5,538,596 people in the City of Johannesburg alon ...
magistrate's court A magistrates' court is a lower court where, in several jurisdictions, all criminal proceedings start. Also some civil matters may be dealt with here, such as family proceedings. Courts * Magistrates' court (England and Wales) * Magistrates' cour ...
on 1 September 2021. She was convicted of perjury on 9 March 2022. The court found that she had "knowingly and intentionally disposed of
false evidence False evidence, fabricated evidence, forged evidence, fake evidence or tainted evidence is information created or obtained illegally in order to sway the verdict in a court case. Falsified Evidence (law), evidence could be created by either sid ...
" in claiming that she did not oversee the relevant parallel work streams. Taking into account Dlamini's 2006 conviction on another offence associated with dishonesty , the court sentenced her to serve four years' imprisonment, with two years suspended, or pay a fine of R200,000; she opted to pay the fine.


ANC response

Dlamini's conviction led to some controversy on the question of whether the ANC's so-called step-aside rule required Dlamini to step down as ANCWL President. The ANC National Executive Committee decided that she was not personally required to step aside, though it announced that decision while disbanding the entire ANCWL executive . However, in December 2022, the ANC's Electoral Committee, chaired by
Kgalema Motlanthe Kgalema Petrus Motlanthe (; born 19 July 1949) is a South African politician who served as the 3rd president of South Africa from 25 September 2008 to 9 May 2009, following the resignation of Thabo Mbeki. Thereafter, he was deputy president und ...
, informed Dlamini that, because she had been convicted of a "serious crime", she was ineligible to stand for any ANC leadership position during the internal elections scheduled for the party's 55th National Conference. Until then, it had been highly likely that Dlamini would be re-elected to the ANC National Executive Committee – the nominations process suggested that she was ranked 15th by popularity among all candidates nominated for election to the 80-member body. In an unsuccessful application to have the decision
appeal In law, an appeal is the process in which Legal case, cases are reviewed by a higher authority, where parties request a formal change to an official decision. Appeals function both as a process for error correction as well as a process of cla ...
ed internally, Dlamini stated her intention to take the party to court to have the decision reversed.


Personal life

Dlamini is a
single mother A single parent is a person who has a child or children but does not have a spouse or live-in partner to assist in the upbringing or support of the child. Reasons for becoming a single parent include death, divorce, break-up, abandonment, bec ...
.


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Dlamini, Bathabile 1968 births Living people Government ministers of South Africa African National Congress politicians Women members of the National Assembly of South Africa Women government ministers of South Africa University of Zululand alumni South African politicians convicted of fraud South African female criminals Members of the National Assembly of South Africa 2019–2024 Members of the National Assembly of South Africa 2009–2014 Members of the National Assembly of South Africa 2014–2019 Members of the National Assembly of South Africa 1994–1999 Members of the National Assembly of South Africa 1999–2004