Basketball position

Basketball is a sport with five players on the court for each team at a time. Each player is assigned to different positions defined by the strategic role they play. Guard, forward and center are the three main position categories. The standard team features two guards, two forwards, and a center. The guards are typically called the "back court" and the forwards and centers the "front court".

Over time, as more specialized roles developed, each of the guards and forwards came to be differentiated. Today, each of the five positions is known by a unique name and number: point guard (PG) or 1, the shooting guard (SG) or 2, the small forward (SF) or 3, the power forward (PF) or 4, and the center (C) or 5.

Guards

The guards were originally tasked with guarding the team's forwards, hence the position's name.

Running guard and stationary guard

In the early history of the sport, there was a "running guard" or floor guard or up-floor guard who brought the ball up the court and passed or attacked the basket. There was also a "stationary guard" or standing guard or safety guard who shot long shots and hung back on offense, to defend against the other team's shooters, effectively cherry picking before there was the rule of backcourt violations. George Harmon is an example of a running guard. Pie Weaver is an example of a stationary guard.

Point guard

The point guard (PG), the ''one'', is typically the team's shortest player and best ball handler and passer. Usually quicker, they are good at driving and short-range shots, often able to create shots for themselves and their teammates. They are able to hit shots outside the key, but the majority are within the three-point line or are layups, depending largely on the player's skill level. Good point guards increase team efficiency and generally have a high number of assists. They are often referred to as dribblers or playmakers. In the NBA, point guards are mostly between and .

Point guards are tasked with many responsibilities and roles that can often differ greatly from the other four positions on the court. While the shooting guard and front court players often focus on scoring points, rebounding the ball, and playing defense, successful point guards typically have a different mentality centered around involving their teammates on offense, executing plays, and leading their team. Although NBA teams do not often name captains, point guard Jalen Brunson was named captain of the New York Knicks for the 2024-2025 NBA season for his leadership, and, as of 2025, eight of the 13 winners of the NBA Twyman–Stokes Teammate of the Year award have been point guards.

Point guards in the modern NBA can often be separated into two different categories, although there are exceptions: a scoring point guard (also known as a lead guard) and a facilitator-type point guard, also known as a passing guard. A scoring point guard usually has the ability to shoot accurately from three-point or mid-range distance. This type of point guard could also score around the basket with floaters, acrobatic layups or dunks. They may rely on their smaller size, quicker speed, and dribbling ability to achieve mismatches with larger defenders who are unable to match their agility on the perimeter. Stephen Curry (NBA) and Damian Lillard (NBA) are examples of scoring point guards who use three-point shooting and finesse around the basket to score effectively. Russell Westbrook (NBA) is a point guard noted for his poor shooting ability but great skill at finishing near the rim with powerful, athletic dunks and layups over larger defenders. A facilitator-type point guard often has a high basketball IQ, or intuitive understanding of the game, and can see plays happening before they occur. In addition, these types of point guards are typically well-versed in the execution of their team’s half court set offense, and they typically know the correct spots for each player on the court. Chris Paul (NBA) and Chelsea Gray (WNBA) are examples of a facilitator-type point guard.

Some point guards are known for focusing their game on their prolific defensive skill and ability to impact the offense of opposing teams’ forwards and centers despite their smaller size. This skill set is often relegated to role players and specialists, although some players including Gary Payton and Marcus Smart have found recognition in NBA as NBA Defensive Player of the Year.

Shooting guard

The shooting guard (SG)—also known as the ''two'' or the off guard—is, along with the small forward, often referred to as a wing because of its use in common positioning tactics. As the name suggests, most shooting guards are prolific from three-point range and long mid-range. Before they can get the ball to make the shot, they must work to stay free while others pass the ball around. Their ability to correctly space the floor and find open space for themselves is a key aspect of this position. Just like all positions in basketball, the ability to communicate efficiently with teammates is of great importance. If teammates do not know when or where a player will be open, they cannot deliver the ball when an opportunity arises. Most of these skills depend on whether the shooting guard is a good shooter, a finisher around the rim, a defender, or different combinations of these.

Throughout the evolution of the game, there have been different types of shooting guards, mainly categorized as offensive threats and defensive guards. Shooting guards usually know their play style and get better at the qualities they are good at and then teams determine their role on the court. If the shooting guard focuses more on taking perimeter jump shots, especially three-pointers, by the use of basketball screens such as down screens, and without much dribbling involved, then the shooting guard is typically known as a catch-and-shoot type of player; Devin Booker fits this type of play style. If the shooting guard emphasizes driving into the lane and scoring at (or around) the basket, then the shooting guard is generally referred to as a slasher type of player. Dwyane Wade and Michael Jordan were well known for their ability to slash into the lane and score around the rim. However, they also took their fair share of mid-range jump shots and three-pointers. These are known as offensive threats.

If the shooting guard's main priority is to limit or prevent the opposing team's star player (which is usually another shooting guard or other perimeter player), then the shooting guard could be known as a defensive specialist. Tony Allen would be considered a defensive specialist. Shooting guards with the ability to shoot from the perimeter while limiting the scoring opportunities of the other team's best perimeter player can be referred to as the 3-and-D type of players. Danny Green is an example of a 3-and-D type of shooting guard. These are known as defensive guards.

In the NBA, a shooting guard is generally between 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) to 6 feet 7 inches (2 m). A player who is both a point and a shooting guard is called a combo guard.

Forwards

As the name suggests, forwards were the main scorers of field goals in the early history of the sport. An example is Jack Cobb.

Small forward

The small forward (SF), also known as the ''three'', is considered to be the most versatile of the main five basketball positions. Versatility is key for small forwards due to the nature of their role, which resembles that of a shooting guard more often than that of a power forward. This is why the small forward and shooting guard positions are often used interchangeably and referred to as wings. This position is like the "Swiss army knife" because they can do just about everything, from scoring, to rebounding, handling the ball, passing, and the ability to defend, if they are a skilled small forward.

Small forwards have a variety of assets, such as quickness and strength inside. A common thread among small forwards is an ability to "get to the line" and draw fouls by aggressively attempting (posting-up) plays, layups, or slam dunks. As such, accurate foul shooting is also a common skill for small forwards, many of whom record a large portion of their points from the foul line. Besides being able to drive to the basket, they are also good shooters from long range. They are the second-best 3-point shooters on the court along with the shooting guard and usually when remaining stationary, they linger just inside the 3-point line. Some small forwards have good passing skills, allowing them to assume point guard responsibilities as point forwards. Small forwards should be able to do a little bit of everything on the court, typically playing roles such as swingmen and defensive specialists. A small forward under 6 feet 5 inches (1.96 m) might play the shooting guard position some of the time while a small forward taller than 6 feet 7 inches (2.01 m) might play power forward some of the time. In the NBA, small forwards usually range from 6 feet 4 inches (1.93 m) to 6 feet 9 inches. Larry Bird and LeBron James are usually regarded as two of the best players to ever play at the small forward spot in the NBA.

Power forward

The power forward (PF), also known as the ''four'', often plays a role similar to that of the center, down in the "post" or "low blocks". The power forward is often the team's most powerful and dependable scorer, being able to score close to the basket while also being able to shoot mid-range jump shots from 10 to 15 feet from the basket. Power forwards are also very crafty and have to be versatile on both offense and defense, but not as much as a small forward. Power forwards usually have good footwork in the paint and can force players into bad shots or blocking shots when guarding the paint. Some power forwards have become known as stretch fours, since extending their shooting range to three-pointers. On defense, they are required to have the strength to guard bigger players close to the basket and to have the athleticism to guard quick players away from the basket. Most power forwards tend to be more versatile than centers since they can be part of plays and are not always in the low block. A tall power forward over can be a forward-center, playing PF and C. A smaller power forward, approximately , can play combo forward, playing SF part-time. In the NBA, power forwards usually range from to .

The power forward is essentially a larger and stronger version of the small forward, though generally not as tall or long as the center. Generally speaking, the power forward is usually good at rebounding and in some instances, a power forward with a high basketball IQ could also be a great passer, particularly from the high or low post areas via post-split action. Instead of a physical power forward, the stretch four is known primarily for shooting three-pointers and midrange jump shots instead of post play. The stretch four could also be very useful as a pick-and-pop screener, especially against the drop coverage defensive technique. For example, if stretch four pops to the perimeter after setting a screen, then their defender will most likely not have enough time to close and contest the potential open jump shot if the defender executes drop coverage. Even if the power forward cannot shoot, being a screener can also set up a mismatch for them or their teammates to try to score on the other team's big man if they switch.

Center

The center (C)— also known as the ''five'', the pivot, or the big; typically plays near the baseline or close to the basket (the "low post"). They are usually the tallest players on the floor. Centers usually score "down low", or "in the paint" (near the basket, in the key), but there have been many centers who are good perimeter shooters as well. They are typically skilled at jump balls, pulling down rebounds, contesting shots, and setting screens on players. The goal of centers is to create possessions, and, therefore, opportunities to score, by rebounding and trying to stop the other team from scoring in the paint. Because of a center's central role in defense, "shots blocked" is an exciting stat that they, and sometimes other positions, bring to the game.

In the past, players who played the center position were relatively slow and hung out at the basket but were much taller than every other player. Today, however, that generality has changed; now, players who play as a center can also be classified as power forwards, dominate opponents with their defensive skills, and switch things up and shoot from the high post. This has been due to the scarcity of players possessing great skill, ideal height, and durability. The development of more fast-paced and athletic basketball play, which calls for less traditional center play and a more up-and-down-the-court play style, has also contributed to the shift over time. In the NBA, they are usually over tall.

The presence of a center who can score in the low post (the area closest to the basket) helps to create balance within an offense. Especially if the big man has the footwork to do moves like drop steps, pivots, etc. it can open up the game for their teammates. If it becomes too easy to score from the low post, the center will get double-teamed. This creates an opportunity for open shots by perimeter players as the center will "kick it out", or pass it, to an open perimeter or "wing" player. As perimeter players typically shoot better from long range, this, in turn, may create easier opportunities for a center to score, since defenses often play out closer to the perimeter shooters.

See also

*Starting lineup

References

External links

"Basketball players" at BBC Sport Academy

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