Basavakalyana is a historical city and municipal council in the

Bidar District Bidar district is the northernmost part of the Karnataka state in India. The administrative headquarters of district is Bidar, Bidar city. Geographically, it known as the "Crown of the State", occupying its northeastern end. It is bounded by Ka ...

of the Indian state of

Karnataka Karnataka ( ) is a States and union territories of India, state in the southwestern region of India. It was Unification of Karnataka, formed as Mysore State on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, States Re ...

. It was the capital of

Kalyani Chalukya The Western Chalukya Empire ( ) ruled most of the western Deccan, South India, between the 10th and 12th centuries. This Kannada dynasty is sometimes called the ''Kalyani Chalukya'' after its regal capital at Kalyani, today's Basavakalyan i ...

and

Kalachuris of Kalyani The Kalachuris of Kalyani, also Southern Kalachuris, were a 10th-12th-century Indian dynasty, who ruled over parts of present-day northern Karnataka and Maharashtra. This dynasty will rise to its peak power in the Deccan region between 1156 ...

two dynasties. It is famous for the world's tallest Basavanna statue, which stands 108 feet (33 m) high. It is one of the major cities and industrial hubs of Bidar district.

History

Before India's independence, Basavakalyan was called Kalyani. After independence and division of states on linguistic basis in 1956, Kalyana was renamed as BasavaKalyan in memory of Vishwaguru Basavanna, a social reformer who established

Anubhava Mantapa Anubhava Mantapa, established by Basavanna in the 12th century C.E., is a religious complex located in Tipranth, Basavakalyan, in the Bidar district of Karnataka. It is the first religious parliament in the world, whose name is literally transl ...

(spiritual democracy) in 12th-century India. Basavakalyan was ruled by

Western Chalukyas The Western Chalukya Empire ( ) ruled most of the western Deccan, South India, between the 10th and 12th centuries. This Kannada dynasty is sometimes called the ''Kalyani Chalukya'' after its regal capital at Kalyani, today's Basavakalyan i ...

Yadavas of Devagiri The Seuna, Sevuna, or Yadavas of Devagiri (IAST: Seuṇa, –1317) was a medieval Indian dynasty, which at its peak ruled a realm stretching from the Narmada river in the north to the Tungabhadra river in the south, in the western part of the D ...

Kakatiyas The Kakatiya dynasty (IAST: Kākatīya) was a Telugu dynasty that ruled most of eastern Deccan region in present-day India between 12th and 14th centuries. Their territory comprised much of the present day Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, and p ...

Delhi Sultanate The Delhi Sultanate or the Sultanate of Delhi was a Medieval India, late medieval empire primarily based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for more than three centuries.

Bahamani Sultanate The Bahmani Kingdom or the Bahmani Sultanate was a late medieval Persianate kingdom that ruled the Deccan plateau in India. The first independent Muslim sultanate of the Deccan, the Bahmani Kingdom came to power in 1347 during the rebellion o ...

(Bidar, Gulbarga),

Bidar Sultanate The Sultanate of Bidar was an early modern Indian polity that ruled a territory in the central Deccan Plateau, Deccan centred at Bidar. As one of the five Deccan sultanates, the sultanate's initial territory corresponded to that of one of the ...

Bijapur Sultanate The Sultanate of Bijapur was an early modern kingdom in the western Deccan and South India, ruled by the Muslim Adil Shahi (or Adilshahi) dynasty. Bijapur had been a '' taraf'' (province) of the Bahmani Kingdom prior to its independence in 14 ...

, Mughals and Hyderabad

Nizams Nizam of Hyderabad was the title of the ruler of Hyderabad State ( part of the Indian state of Telangana, and the Kalyana-Karnataka region of Karnataka). ''Nizam'' is a shortened form of (; ), and was the title bestowed upon Asaf Jah I ...

Western Chalukyas

It was the royal capital of the

Western Chalukya The Western Chalukya Empire ( ) ruled most of the western Deccan, South India, between the 10th and 12th centuries. This Kannada dynasty is sometimes called the ''Kalyani Chalukya'' after its regal capital at Kalyani, today's Basavakalyan i ...

(

Kalyani Chalukyas The Western Chalukya Empire ( ) ruled most of the western Deccan, South India, between the 10th and 12th centuries. This Kannada dynasty is sometimes called the ''Kalyani Chalukya'' after its regal capital at Kalyani, today's Basavakalyan i ...

) dynasty from 1050 to 1195.

Someshvara I Someshvara I (; ) was a king of the Western Chalukyas. Also known as "Ahavamalla" or "Trilokamalla", Someshvara succeeded his father Jayasimha II (Western Chalukya dynasty), Jayasimha II to the throne. His several military successes in Cent ...

(1041–1068) made Kalyana as his capital, recognised as

to differentiate with

Badami Chalukyas The Chalukya dynasty () was a Classical Indian dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th centuries. During this period, they ruled as three related yet individual dynasties. The earliest dynas ...

. Later ruled by

Someshvara II Someshvara II (; ) who was administering the area around Gadag succeeded his father Someshvara I (Ahavamalla) as the Western Chalukya king. He was the eldest son of Someshvara I. During his reign Someshvara II was constantly under threat from h ...

Vikramaditya VI Vikramaditya VI (r. 1076 – 1126 CE) became the Western Chalukya King after deposing his elder brother Someshvara II, a political move he made by gaining the support of Chalukya vassals during the Chola invasion of Chalukya territory.Sen ...

Someshvara III Someshvara III (; ) was a Western Chalukya king (also known as the Kalyani Chalukyas), the son and successor of Vikramaditya VI. He ascended the throne of the Western Chalukya Kingdom in 1126 CE, or 1127 CE. Someshvara III, the third king i ...

, Jagadhekamalla III and

Tailapa III Tailapa III (r. 1151–1162 CE) succeeded his brother Jagadhekamalla II to the Western Chalukya throne. His rule saw the beginning of the end of the Chalukya empire. Kakatiya dynasty The Kakatiya dynasty (International Alphabet of S ...

. King Someshwara I (1042–1068 CE) moved the capital from

Manyakheta Malkheda originally known as Manyakheta (IAST: Mānyakheṭa, Prakrit: "Mannakheḍa"), and also known as Malkhed,Village code= 311400 Malkhed (J), Gulbarga, Karnataka is a town in Karnataka, India. It is located on the banks of Kagina river ...

(present Malkhed in Kalaburagi district) to Kalyani. During the 10th to 12th centuries he ruled nearly half of India, most of the western Deccan and South India. King

had scholars in his court such as Someshwara, Bilhana (poet of Kashmir) and Vigyaneshwara (legal expert). On 26 February 1077 Coronation of Vikramaditya VI started Chalukya Vikrama Varsha Jalsangi Temple.

Kalyani Chalukya architecture

The earliest examples of the Kalyani Chalukya style are found at

Kuknur Kuknoor (also known as Kuknur, Kukkanur or Kukanoor) is a town in Kukanoor taluk in the Koppal District of the Indian state of Karnataka, which is located about 40 km northwest of Hospet and 7 km from the Mahadeva Temple (Itagi), Mahad ...

. The ''Kalleshvara and Navalinga temples'' here bear resemblances to early Chalukya group of

Aihole Aihole (ಐಹೊಳೆ), also referred to as Aivalli, Ahivolal or Aryapura, is a historic site of ancient and medieval era Buddhist, Hindu and Jain monuments in Karnataka, India that dates from the sixth century through the twelfth century C ...

and Pattadkal. The Jaina temple at

Lakkundi Lakkundi, also referred to as Lokkugundi, was a major city before the 14th century, and is now a village in Gadag District of Karnataka, India. By 10th century, it was already a major economic and commercial center working with mint operation ...

near

Gadag Gadaga-Betageri is a city municipal council in Gadag district in the state of Karnataka, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Gadag District. The original city of Gadag and its sister city Betageri (or ''Betgeri'') have a combined ...

forms the next step in the improvement of this style introducing a greater ornamental effect in the treatment of the surface. The Kalyani style of architecture reached its maturity and culmination in the 12th century. Kasi Vishveshvara at Lakkundi, Mallikarjuna at Kuruvatti and Mahadeva Temple (Itagi) are the finest examples produced by the later Chalukya architects. The Saraswathi and Someshwara temples at

are in a mutilated condition. There are nearly one hundred monuments of the period, scattered all over the Deccan, giving us information about the artistic excellence attained by the later Chalukyas of Kalyani.

Kalachuris and Basaveshwara

succeeded

continued Kalyani as there capital. During the 12th century the

King Bijjala (1156–1167) assumed the throne, and Basaveshwara was appointed as his prime minister. Basaveshwara led a social movement to stop untouchability and gender discrimination, Shivasharana revolution took place. Basaveshwara motivated many with the ''

Vachana Vachana sahitya is a form of rhythmic writing in Kannada (see also Kannada poetry) that evolved in the 11th century and flourished in the 12th century, as a part of the Sharana movement. The word "vachanas" literally means "(that which is) sa ...

sahitya'', and more than 600 people became writers called ''Vachanakaras''.

Centre of social and religious movement

The centre of a great social and religious movement. In the 12th century, because of the social reformer

Basava Basava (1131–1196), also called and , was an Indian philosopher, poet, Lingayat social reformer in the Shiva-focused bhakti movement, and a Hindu Shaivite social reformer during the reign of the Kalyani Chalukya and the Kalachuri dynas ...

, it became a seat of learning. Basava,

Akka Mahadevi Akka Mahadevi (c. 1130–1160) was an early poet of Kannada literature and a prominent member of the Lingayatism founded in the 2011 . Her 430 '' vachanas'' (a form of spontaneous mystical poems), and the two short writings called ''Mantrogopya ...

Channabasavanna Channabasavanna also known as " Guru Channabasaveshwara " was Basava's nephew and one of the foremost Sharanas of the 12th century. He, along with Basava, Allama Prabhu and Akka Mahadevi, played a pivotal role in the propagation of the Lingayat ...

, Siddarama and other Sharanas are associated with Basavakalyan. Basava, who fought against casteism and orthodoxy in Hinduism. Vishwaguru Basavanna was a great revolutionary who established spiritual democracy called "Anubhava Mantapa" in the 12th century in India(Anubhava Mantapa – which is also called as the "First Parliament of the World". It was led by Saint Allamprabhu), and gave practical solutions to all kinds of problems mankind was suffering at that time. His teachings are time tested, scientific and proven. Basava-Tatva is never ending inspiration to achieve the welfare of mankind.

Tourism

Jalasangvi Jalasangvi (or Jalasangavi or Jalsangi) is a village in Homnabad Taluk, Bidar district, Karnataka, India. It is located close to Dubalgundi, on the Gulbarga - Bidar state highway, at the northern end of Karnataka State. Jalasangvi is famous f ...

, Narayanapura and Shivapura there are temples of the

Chalukya dynasty The Chalukya dynasty () was a Classical Indian dynasty that ruled large parts of south India, southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th centuries. During this period, they ruled as three related yet individual dynasties. The ear ...

. Basaveshvara temple is at the centre of Basavakalyan. There are some Islamic monuments ''Moti Mahal, Hydari Mahal, Peeran Durga''. And other religious places such as ''Gachchina Matha, Kambali Matha and Sadananda Matha''. * Basavakalyana Fort was constructed by Chalukyas. Later on it was under the Nizam's rule. There is museum in a side fort and has immense collection of historic valuables and information. There are Jain idols of the 10th-11th century. * Historical Lord Shiva Temple constructed by Chalukyas during 12th century at Narayanpur village (Just 2.5 km away from Basavakalyan) *108 feet statue of Basaveshwara *Sai Baba Temple *Munde Pali Hanuman Temple * Basaveshwara Temple *Anubhava Mantapa *Maridevara Gudda - Gavimath *Hingulambika Mandir. *There is a statue of Allamaprabhu, as the guru of the Basavanna and the related photos of Basavanna which he has worked for the people. *There is lake beside it and full of trees surrounding its Temple. *Basava Dharma Peetha Charitable Trust with the intention of reviving Sharana cultural heritage purchased a land of 3 acres on 21-12-2001 by the side of main road nearby the entrance of Basava Kalyana town. Later on the Trust purchased 17.5 acres just adjacent to the previous land and has built a prayer hall and living rooms. Haralayya Tirtha - an attractive water reservoir is formed. *Sri Basaveswara cave and Akkamahadevi cave have been chiselled and carved in laterite rock-soil. Sharana village formed pictures the concept of 12th century Sharanas engaged actively in their kayakas (occupations). *The Trust is running an orphanage. There is a hillock which is named as Sharana Shaila. On Sharana Shaila is erected Lord Basavanna's statue of 108’ height. It is structured on a pedestal of 24 feet height, 60’ x 80’ size. ruins of lord Shiva temple of great architectural styles and written scripts can be found in a village soldapka, which is situated 20 km away from Basavakalyan.

Education

Basavakalyan is renowned for its educational heritage. It hosts a large number of educational institutes. Ideal Global School is one of the first CBSE Schools in the city. The following table names a few of them:

Hospitals

*Basnale Multi-speciality Hospital * Mulge Multispeciality Hospital. Hiremath Colony * Manthale Hospital * Devi Kripa Clinic Rajeshwar * Viom Hospital Basavakalyan. * Government Hospital * Patil Hospital. Shivpur Road * Biradar Hospital * New Rifa Hospital * Suryavanshi Hospital * Care Hospital * Mukambika Hospital * ARK Chowdhary Hospital * karbari multispecility hospital

Software Companies

* Rishitya Technologies

Geography

Basavakalyan is located at . It has an average elevation of 621 metres (2037 feet).

Demographics

As of the 2011 Census of India, the city of Basavakalyan had a population of 69,717 of which 36,116 were males while 33,601 were females.

Kannada Kannada () is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly in the state of Karnataka in southwestern India, and spoken by a minority of the population in all neighbouring states. It has 44 million native speakers, and is additionally a ...

language is spoken by the majority of the population.

Marathi Marathi may refer to: *Marathi people, an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group of Maharashtra, India **Marathi people (Uttar Pradesh), the Marathi people in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh *Marathi language, the Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Mar ...

Hindi Modern Standard Hindi (, ), commonly referred to as Hindi, is the Standard language, standardised variety of the Hindustani language written in the Devanagari script. It is an official language of India, official language of the Government ...

and

Urdu Urdu (; , , ) is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in South Asia. It is the Languages of Pakistan, national language and ''lingua franca'' of Pakistan. In India, it is an Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of Indi ...

are also spoken in the town. The population of children with aged between 0 and 6 was 9,949 which was 14.27% of the total population of Basavakalyan (CMC). In Basavakalyan, the sex Ratio was 930 females to 1,000 males, against the Karnataka state average of 973 female to 1,000 males. Moreover, the child sex ratio in Basavakalyan was around 879, compared to the state average of 948. The literacy rate of Basavakalyan was 77.46%, higher than the state average of 75.36%. Male literacy rate was around 82.46% while female literacy rate was 72.13%.

Religion

References

{{Bidar topics Western Chalukya Empire Lingayatism Former capital cities in India Cities and towns in Bidar district Taluks in Bidar district