Barton Haynes

Barton F. Haynes is an American physician and research scientist who is known for basic work on biology of T cells and the thymus. It enabled curative thymic transplantation for babies born without a thymus (DiGeorge syndrome).

Haynes is known also for the discovery of immune tolerance control of HIV neutralizing antibodies, for his elucidation of HIV-neutralizing antibody co-evolution, and for the discovery of a novel type of B cells in the natural antibody pool called Fab Dimerized Glycan (FDG) antibodies.

An infectious disease and clinical immunology and allergy specialist, Haynes is the founding director of the Duke Human Vaccine Institute (DHVI) and since 2005, has been an international leader in the development of an HIV vaccine. His basic and translational research has guided the work of his team and others in the field. He led the team that first induced HIV broadly reactive neutralizing antibody lineages in humans with a vaccine. He has performed work on HIV-host interactions that have led to strategies for HIV vaccine development and, more generally, concepts for engineering the B cell arm of the immune system ^{3, 14/sup>. Haynes’ team played an active role in the response to COVID-19 by co-developing new vaccines for pre-emergent coronaviruses.}

Education

Haynes attended the University of Tennessee, graduating in 1969.  His interest in research was stimulated by his work in the laboratory of Samuel Tipton in the Department of Zoology. He attended Baylor College of Medicine, graduating in 1973, and received his training in internal medicine at Duke University. From 1975 - 1980 Haynes was in the Public Health Service stationed at the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda. Haynes received fellowship training in infectious diseases at the NIH and the National Naval Medical Center and in allergy and clinical immunology at the NIH and the Walter Reed Army Medical Center.

Career

In 1980, Haynes returned to Duke as an Associate Professor of Medicine in the Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, became Professor of Medicine in 1986, and received the Frederic M. Hanes Distinguished Professorship of Medicine in 1988. In 1987 he became Chief of Rheumatology and Immunology at Duke, in 1990, he became the founding director of the Duke Human Vaccine Institute, in 1995 he became Chair of the Duke Department of Medicine, and served from 2000-2002 as Chief of Staff of Duke Hospital. In 2002, he stepped down from department chair to devote full time to laboratory research and building DHVI.

Discoveries in human immunology

Haynes has improved the understanding of the development and biology of the human T cells and the thymus from which T cells originate. Beginning in the late 1970s at the NIH, he discovered human immune cell markers, CD7 and CD98, and at Duke, his team identified antibodies against CD165 and CD166 and was a co-discoverer of CD44 human leukocyte molecules. Haynes was a member of the organizing committee of the first human leukocyte differentiation workshop that originated the CD classification of immune cell surface proteins in 1982. Haynes went on to describe that postnatal thymus would grow in immunodeficient mice and developed with Kay Singer the methods to grow human thymic epithelial cells. Haynes and Louise Markert at Duke developed the ability to grow intact human thymus tissue that when implanted in children born without a thymus (DiGeorge Syndrome) was curative for the condition.

References

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American immunologists
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Fellows of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
Members of the National Academy of Medicine