The western barbastelle (''Barbastella barbastellus''), also known as the barbastelle or barbastelle bat, is a European
bat
Bats are flying mammals of the order Chiroptera (). With their forelimbs adapted as wings, they are the only mammals capable of true and sustained flight. Bats are more agile in flight than most birds, flying with their very long spread-out ...
in the genus ''
Barbastella
''Barbastella'' is a genus of vespertilionid bats. There are seven extant species in this genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon ...
''. This species is found from
Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...
to
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a Boundaries between the continents, transcontinental and landlocked country at the boundary of West Asia and Eastern Europe. It is a part of the South Caucasus region and is bounded by ...
and from
Sweden
Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...
to
Canary Islands
The Canary Islands (; ) or Canaries are an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean and the southernmost Autonomous communities of Spain, Autonomous Community of Spain. They are located in the northwest of Africa, with the closest point to the cont ...
, where a sub-species was identified. It has a short nose, small eyes and wide ears. The conservation status of ''B. barbastellus'' is assessed as "near threatened", "vulnerable", "critically endangered" or "extinct" in various parts of its range.
Taxonomy
The western barbastelle was
described as a new species in 1774 by
Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber
Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber (17 January 1739 – 10 December 1810), often styled J.C.D. von Schreber, was a German Natural history, naturalist.
Career
Schreber was appointed professor of'' materia medica'' at the University of Erlangen- ...
, who placed it in the genus ''
Vespertilio
''Vespertilio'' is a genus of bats in the family Vespertilionidae. The common name for this family is vesper bats, which is a better-known classification than ''Vespertilio''. They are also known as frosted bats.
Species within the genus ''Vesp ...
'', with a species name of ''Vespertilio barbastellus''. The
holotype
A holotype (Latin: ''holotypus'') is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of s ...
had been collected in
Burgundy
Burgundy ( ; ; Burgundian: ''Bregogne'') is a historical territory and former administrative region and province of east-central France. The province was once home to the Dukes of Burgundy from the early 11th until the late 15th century. ...
, France. In 1836 it was placed in the genus ''Barbastellus'', and the first use of its current name combination of ''Barbastella barbastellus'' was in 1897 by
Gerrit Smith Miller Jr.[ The name ''Barbastella barbastellus'' might be coming from the Latin ''barba'' (beard) and ''stella'' (star). Viewed from the side, it seems that the upper lip has a beard, or a moustache.][Rydell J. & Bogdanowicz, W. 1997.]
Two subspecies are recognized by ''Mammal Species of the World
''Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference'' is a standard reference work in mammalogy giving descriptions and Bibliographic database, bibliographic data for the known species of mammals. It is now in its third edition, ...
'' (2005):
* ''Barbastella barbastellus barbastellus'': distributed from western Europe until the Caucasus, with isolated populations in MoroccoCanary Islands
The Canary Islands (; ) or Canaries are an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean and the southernmost Autonomous communities of Spain, Autonomous Community of Spain. They are located in the northwest of Africa, with the closest point to the cont ...
, Spain[Trujillo, D. et al. 2002.]
In addition to morphological measurement, DNA analysis confirmed the presence of an endemic sub-species in the Canary Islands as well as a relatively homogeneous genetic structure among populations of the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco, and probably, across Europe as far as the Thrace region.
Description
The barbastelle is a medium-sized bat, with a characteristic pug-shaped nose. The ears are broad, joined across its head by skin, and covered in gingery-brown fur on the rear surface. The tragus is triangular – broad at the base but with a nearly parallel tip which starts about halfway along its length. Head and body length is between 40 and 55 mm and wingspan is between . Forearm length is and body mass is .
Ecology
Habitat
Barbastelles roost in splits or behind loose bark
Bark may refer to:
Common meanings
* Bark (botany), an outer layer of a woody plant such as a tree or stick
* Bark (sound), a vocalization of some animals (which is commonly the dog)
Arts and entertainment
* ''Bark'' (Jefferson Airplane album), ...
of trees all year, generally in mature deciduous
In the fields of horticulture and botany, the term deciduous () means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed Leaf, leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, aft ...
forests, as well as rock crevices[Sierro, A. 1999.] and within human buildings. In central Italy
Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...
, tall dead beech
Beech (genus ''Fagus'') is a genus of deciduous trees in the family Fagaceae, native to subtropical (accessory forest element) and temperate (as dominant element of Mesophyte, mesophytic forests) Eurasia and North America. There are 14 accepted ...
in unmanaged woodland were found to be preferred as roost trees.[Russo, D. et al. 2004] While barbastelles typically remain within a single roosting area, they move between individual roosts with great frequency.cave
Caves or caverns are natural voids under the Earth's Planetary surface, surface. Caves often form by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground. Exogene caves are smaller openings that extend a relatively short distance undergrou ...
s and human structures such as basement
A basement is any Storey, floor of a building that is not above the grade plane. Especially in residential buildings, it often is used as a utility space for a building, where such items as the Furnace (house heating), furnace, water heating, ...
s, mine
Mine, mines, miners or mining may refer to:
Extraction or digging
*Miner, a person engaged in mining or digging
*Mining, extraction of mineral resources from the ground through a mine
Grammar
*Mine, a first-person English possessive pronoun
M ...
s and bunker
A bunker is a defensive military fortification designed to protect people and valued materials from falling bombs, artillery, or other attacks. Bunkers are almost always underground, in contrast to blockhouses which are mostly above ground. T ...
s. Barbastelles are relatively resistant to cold conditions, and are typically found hibernating in cold sites and in exposed positions.
Hunting and feeding
Barbastelles feed chiefly on moth
Moths are a group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not Butterfly, butterflies. They were previously classified as suborder Heterocera, but the group is Paraphyly, paraphyletic with respect to butterflies (s ...
s, as well as on flies
Flies are insects of the Order (biology), order Diptera, the name being derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek δι- ''di-'' "two", and πτερόν ''pteron'' "wing". Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwin ...
.[ and that ca. 99% of prey by volume consisted of ]Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera ( ) or lepidopterans is an order (biology), order of winged insects which includes butterflies and moths. About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera have been described, representing 10% of the total described species of living organ ...
. More recent studies confirmed this predominance of Lepidoptera, underlining that medium-sized and larger specimens are targeted in priority by the barbastelles. However, seasonal diet changes were recorded during autumn due to potential interspecific competition
Interspecific competition, in ecology, is a form of competition in which individuals of ''different'' species compete for the same resources in an ecosystem (e.g. food or living space). This can be contrasted with mutualism, a type of symbiosis. ...
with '' Plecotus austriacus'' and strong decrease of flying larger moths.[Andreas, M. et al. 2012.]
The diet of the barbastelles appears to be one of the narrowest among European bats. This specialization in foraging habits probably points to a higher vulnerability of this species to negative changes in the abundance of moth populations. This could explain its current rarity throughout most of its range.[Sierro, A. & Arlettaz, R. 1997.]
While foraging, barbastelles behave as typical aerial-hawking bat species despite the fact that they hunt exclusively just above the forest canopy. This peculiar foraging technique could be explained by the co-evolution with the defence system of its prey.[
Specimens can travel up to 20 km per night for foraging purposes and nonreproductive females forage at greater distances than reproductive females ][Zeale, M. R. et al. 2012.]
Reproduction
Individuals reach their sexual maturity after one or two years. After total sexual segregation during most of spring and summer, the mating period starts at the end of summer, sometimes during swarming episodes. The mating period is often finishing with the start of the hibernation, but some cases of late mating during winter and early spring have been observed
Echolocation
The barbastelle has two main call types used for echolocation. The frequency parameters of call type 1 lie between 30 and 38 kHz, have most energy at 33 kHz and have an average duration of 2.5 ms. The frequency parameters of call type 2 lie between 29 and 47 kHz, have most energy at 38 kHz and have an average duration of 4.1 ms.
Distribution
This species is rare and most of the time decreasing throughout its range. Some historical data from the 19th century refers to the presence of western barbastelles in Senegal. This data is considered as doubtful.[
;Albania: So far, only four specimens of this species were recorded in ]Albania
Albania ( ; or ), officially the Republic of Albania (), is a country in Southeast Europe. It is located in the Balkans, on the Adriatic Sea, Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea, and shares land borders with Montenegro to ...
. The specimens were caught in 2005 near the Shebenik-Jabllanicë National Park
Shebenik National Park () is a List of national parks of Albania, national park in eastern Albania adjacent to the border with North Macedonia. It encompasses and is specifically marked by a mountainous landscape supplied with glacial lakes, vall ...
, close to the border with North Macedonia.[Sachanowicz, K. et al. 2016.] This national park is well known for its beech forest, part of the UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO ) is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and International secur ...
site "Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe".[Théou, P. & Bego, F. 2018.]
;Belgium: Barbastelle bats are known to occur within the Sonian Forest
The Sonian Forest or Sonian Wood (, ; , ) is a forest at the south-eastern edge of Brussels, Belgium. It is connected to the Bois de la Cambre, Bois de la Cambre/Ter Kamerenbos, an urban public park which enters the city up to from the Pentag ...
of Belgium
Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. Situated in a coastal lowland region known as the Low Countries, it is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeas ...
.the Netherlands
, Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...
since 1984.extirpated
Local extinction, also extirpation, is the termination of a species (or other taxon) in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinctions.
Local extinctions mark a chan ...
in Norway, having only been sighted in 1896, 1911, 1913 and 1949. However, it was again found in 2004 and 2008.
;United Kingdom: In Britain, only a few breeding roosts are known; Paston Great Barn in Norfolk
Norfolk ( ) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in England, located in East Anglia and officially part of the East of England region. It borders Lincolnshire and The Wash to the north-west, the North Sea to the north and eas ...
, parts of Exmoor
Exmoor () is loosely defined as an area of hilly open moorland in west Somerset and north Devon in South West England. It is named after the River Exe, the source of which is situated in the centre of the area, two miles north-west of Simons ...
and the Quantock Hills
The Quantock Hills west of Bridgwater in Somerset, England, consist of heathland, oak woodlands, ancient parklands and agricultural land. They were England's first Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, designated in 1956.
Natural England have desi ...
in Devon
Devon ( ; historically also known as Devonshire , ) is a ceremonial county in South West England. It is bordered by the Bristol Channel to the north, Somerset and Dorset to the east, the English Channel to the south, and Cornwall to the west ...
and Somerset
Somerset ( , ), Archaism, archaically Somersetshire ( , , ) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in South West England. It is bordered by the Bristol Channel, Gloucestershire, and Bristol to the north, Wiltshire to the east ...
(see Tarr Steps
Tarr Steps is a clapper bridge across the River Barle in the Exmoor National Park, Somerset, England. The bridge is in a national nature reserve about south east of Withypool and north west of Dulverton.
A typical clapper bridge constructi ...
), Wimpole Wood in Cambridgeshire
Cambridgeshire (abbreviated Cambs.) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in the East of England and East Anglia. It is bordered by Lincolnshire to the north, Norfolk to the north-east, Suffolk to the east, Essex and Hertfor ...
, the Mottisfont woodland in Hampshire
Hampshire (, ; abbreviated to Hants.) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in South East England. It is bordered by Berkshire to the north, Surrey and West Sussex to the east, the Isle of Wight across the Solent to the south, ...
and Ebernoe Common in West Sussex
West Sussex is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in South East England. It is bordered by Surrey to the north, East Sussex to the east, the English Channel to the south, and Hampshire to the west. The largest settlement is Cr ...
. The UK distribution can be found on the National Biodiversity Network
The National Biodiversity Network (UK) (NBN) is a collaborative venture set up in 2000 in the United Kingdom committed to making biodiversity information available through various media, including on the internet via the NBN Atlas—the data searc ...
websit
here
Conservation
This species is protected in the European Union under the Habitats Directive
The Habitats Directive (more formally known as Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora) is a directive adopted by the European Community in 1992 as a response to the Berne Convention. The ...
, meaning that habitats and roosts use by this species may be considered for notification as a Site of Special Scientific Interest
A Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in Great Britain, or an Area of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) in the Isle of Man and Northern Ireland, is a conservation designation denoting a protected area in the United Kingdom and Isle ...
. This species is also listed in the Berne Convention and is specifically targeted by the UNEP-EUROBATS
The Agreement on the Conservation of Populations of European Bats, or EUROBATS, is an international treaty that binds its States Parties on the conservation of bats in their territories. It was signed in 1991 under the auspices of the Convent ...
convention. Several national legislation are also protecting this species and its habitats in many countries and regions.
In order to highlight the importance of protecting this species at the European scale, this species was selected as bat species of the Year 2020-2021 by the pan-European NGO BatLife Europe.
Status
This species is classified as near threatened (NT) in the worldwide IUCN Red List
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is an inventory of the global conservation status and extinction risk of biological ...
,Flanders
Flanders ( or ; ) is the Dutch language, Dutch-speaking northern portion of Belgium and one of the communities, regions and language areas of Belgium. However, there are several overlapping definitions, including ones related to culture, la ...
: regionally extinct (RE)
*Wallonia
Wallonia ( ; ; or ), officially the Walloon Region ( ; ), is one of the three communities, regions and language areas of Belgium, regions of Belgium—along with Flemish Region, Flanders and Brussels. Covering the southern portion of the c ...
: critically endangered (CR)
, -
! scope="row", Croatia
, Data deficient (DD) (2006)
, {{smalldiv, N/A
, -
! scope="row", Czech Republic
, Least concern (LC) (2017)
, {{smalldiv, N/A
, -
! scope="row", Denmark
, Vulnerable (VU) (2008)
, {{smalldiv, N/A
, -
! scope="row", Estonia
, Not evaluated (NE) (2008)
, {{smalldiv, N/A
, -
! scope="row", France
, Least concern (LC)
, {{smalldiv,
*Alsace
Alsace (, ; ) is a cultural region and a territorial collectivity in the Grand Est administrative region of northeastern France, on the west bank of the upper Rhine, next to Germany and Switzerland. In January 2021, it had a population of 1,9 ...
(2014): vulnerable (VU)
*Auvergne
Auvergne (; ; or ) is a cultural region in central France.
As of 2016 Auvergne is no longer an administrative division of France. It is generally regarded as conterminous with the land area of the historical Province of Auvergne, which was dis ...
(2015): vulnerable (VU)
*Burgundy
Burgundy ( ; ; Burgundian: ''Bregogne'') is a historical territory and former administrative region and province of east-central France. The province was once home to the Dukes of Burgundy from the early 11th until the late 15th century. ...
(2015): near threatened (NT)
*Brittany
Brittany ( ) is a peninsula, historical country and cultural area in the north-west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica in Roman Gaul. It became an Kingdom of Brittany, independent kingdom and then a Duch ...
(2015): near threatened (NT)
*Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire (; ,In isolation, ''Centre'' is pronounced . ) or Centre Region (, ), as it was known until 2015, is one of the eighteen Regions of France, administrative regions of France. It straddles the middle Loire Valley in the interior ...
(2013): near threatened (NT)
*Upper Normandy
Upper Normandy (, ; ) is a former administrative region of France. On 1 January 2016, Upper and Lower Normandy merged becoming one region called Normandy.
History
It was created in 1956 from two departments: Seine-Maritime and Eure, when Norm ...
(2013): vulnerable (VU)
*Ile de France
Ile or ILE may refer to:
Ile
* Ile, a Puerto Rican singer
* Ile District (disambiguation), multiple places
* Ilé-Ifẹ̀, an ancient Yoruba city in south-western Nigeria
* Interlingue (ISO 639:ile), a planned language
* Isoleucine, an amino aci ...
(2017): critically endangered (CR)
*Picardy
Picardy (; Picard language, Picard and , , ) is a historical and cultural territory and a former regions of France, administrative region located in northern France. The first mentions of this province date back to the Middle Ages: it gained it ...
(2016): endangered (EN)
*Poitou-Charentes
Poitou-Charentes (; ; Poitevin-Saintongeais: ) was an administrative region on the southwest coast of France. It comprised four departments: Charente, Charente-Maritime, Deux-Sèvres and Vienne. It included the historical provinces of Angoumo ...
(2018): least concern (LC)
*Rhône-Alpes
Rhône-Alpes () was an administrative region of France. Since 1 January 2016, it is part of the new region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. It is located on the eastern border of the country, towards the south. The region was named after the river Rhône a ...
(2015): least concern (LC)
, -
! scope="row", Georgia
, Vulnerable (VU) (2006)
, {{smalldiv, N/A
, -
! scope="row", Germany
, Endangered (EN) (2008)
, {{smalldiv, N/A
, -
! scope="row", Italy
, Endangered (EN) (2013)
, {{smalldiv, N/A
, -
! scope="row", Lithuania
, Endangered (EN)
, {{smalldiv, N/A
, -
! scope="row", Moldova
, Critically endangered (CR)
, {{smalldiv, N/A
, -
! scope="row", The Netherlands
, Regionally extinct (RE)
, {{smalldiv, N/A
, -
! scope="row", Norway
, Critically endangered (CR) (2015)
, {{smalldiv, N/A
, -
! scope="row", Poland
, Data deficient (DD) (2013)
, {{smalldiv, N/A
, -
! scope="row", Portugal
, Data deficient (DD) (2005)
, {{smalldiv, N/A
, -
! scope="row", Romania
, Not evaluated (NE)
, {{smalldiv, N/A
, -
! scope="row", Switzerland
, Endangered (EN) (2014)
, {{smalldiv, N/A
, -
! scope="row", Ukraine
, Endangered (EN)
, {{smalldiv, N/A
, -
! scope="row", United Kingdom [{{cite web , url=https://www.eurobats.org/sites/default/files/documents/pdf/National_Reports/UK.pdf, title=National report of the United Kingdom (2018)-EUROBATS , author=, website=www.eurobats.org , access-date=5 March 2020]
, Vulnerable (VU) (2017)
, {{smalldiv, N/A
, -
References
{{Reflist
Literature cited
{{refbegin
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*{{cite book, last1=Aulagnier, first1= S., last2= Haffner, first2= P., last3= Mitchell-Jones, first3= T., last4= Moutou, first4= F., last5= Zima, first5= J., year= 2010, title= Guide des mammifères d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Moyen-Orient, language=fr, trans-title=Mammals of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East , publisher=Delachaux & Niestlé, isbn=9782603017029
*{{cite report, publisher=BatLife Europe, author1=Guido Reiter, author2=Danilo Russo, author3=Kit Stoner, author4=Philippe Théou, author5=Bat Conservation Trust, title=Bat Species of the Year 2020-2021: The Barbastelle (''Barbastella barbastellus''), url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338751129, year=2019
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*{{cite journal , doi=10.1007/s003590100223 , url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11626343 , title=Echolocation by the barbastelle bat, ''Barbastella barbastellus'' , year=2001 , last1=Denzinger , first1=Annette , last2=Siemers , first2=Björn , last3=Schaub , first3=Andrea , last4=Schnitzler , first4=Hans-Ulrich , journal=Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology , volume=187 , issue=7 , pages=521–528 , pmid=11730299 , s2cid=41365164
*{{cite book, last1=Dietz, first1=Christian, last2=von Helversen, first2=Otto, last3=Nill, language=fr, title=L'encyclopédie des chauves-souris d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord: Biologie, caractéristiques, protection , year=2009, trans-title=Bats of Europe and North Africa , publisher=Delachaux & Niestlé , isbn= 9782603015957
*{{cite journal, title=Phylogeography of Barbastelle Bats (''Barbastella barbastellus'') in the Western Mediterranean and the Canary Islands, last1=Juste, first1=Javier, last2=Ibáñez, first2=Carlos, last3=Trujillo, first3=Domingo, last4=Muñoz, first4=Joaquín, last5=Ruedi , first5=Manuel, journal=Acta Chiropterologica, volume=5, pages=165–175, doi=10.3161/001.005.0201, year=2003, issue=2, hdl=10261/48665, s2cid=85883914, hdl-access=free
*{{cite journal, doi=10.3161/001.005.0201, title=Phylogeography of Barbastelle Bats (''Barbastella barbastellus'') in the Western Mediterranean and the Canary Islands, year=2003, last1=Juste, first1=Javier, last2=Ibáñez, first2=Carlos, last3=Trujillo, first3=Domingo, last4=Muñoz, first4=Joaquín, last5=Ruedi, first5=Manuel, journal=Acta Chiropterologica, volume=5, issue=2, pages=165–175, hdl=10261/48665, s2cid=85883914, hdl-access=free
*{{cite journal, doi=10.1515/mamm.2004.030, url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/85210161.pdf, title=Variability in echolocation call design of 26 Swiss bat species: Consequences, limits and options for automated field identification with a synergetic pattern recognition approach, year=2004, last1=Obrist, first1=Martin K., last2=Boesch, first2=Ruedi, last3=Flückiger, first3=Peter F., journal=Mammalia, volume=68, issue=4, pages=307–322, s2cid=86180828
*{{cite journal, last1= Parsons, first1= S., last2= Jones, first2= G., year= 2000, title= Acoustic identification of twelve species of echolocating bat by discriminant function analysis and artificial neural networks, journal= Journal of Experimental Biology, volume= 203, issue= 17, pages= 2641–2656, doi= 10.1242/jeb.203.17.2641, url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/12386682, pmid= 10934005, bibcode= 2000JExpB.203.2641P
*{{cite journal, url=http://www.centarzakrs.ba/bh/documents/Hypsugo/Hypsugo-god-IIIbr.2-2018._2.pdf, language=hr, title=''Barbastella barbastellus'' – novi lokaliteti, 2017. – 2018. Crna gora, trans-title=''Barbastella barbastellus'' – new sites, 2017 – 2018, Montenegro, first1=Jasmin, last1=Pašić, first2=Jasminko, last2=Mulaomerovic, volume=3, issue=2, year=2018, pages=37–40
*Rachwald, A., Kokurewicz, T., Zapart, A., Apoznański, G., Szurlej, M., Haddow, J., Đurović, M. & Kepel, A. 2019
New Records of the Western Barbastelle ''Barbastella barbastellus'' (Schreber, 1774) and Other Rare Bat Species in Montenegro
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*Rochebrune, A.T. 1883. Faune de Sénégambie. Mammifères. Société Linéenne de Bordeaux. 37:49-204
*Russo, D., Cistrone, L., Jones, G., & Mazzoleni, S. 2004
Roost selection by barbastelle bats (''Barbastella barbastellus'', Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in beech woodlands of central Italy: consequences for conservation
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*Rydell, J., & Bogdanowicz, W. 1997. ''Barbastella barbastellus''. Mammalian Species, (557), 1–8.
*Rydell, J., Natuschke, G., Theiler, A., & Zingg, P. E. (1996). Food habits of the barbastelle bat ''Barbastella barbastellus''. Ecography, 19(1), 62–66.
*Sachanowicz, K., Ciechanowski, M., Rachwald, A., & Piskorski, M. 2016. Overview of bat species reported in Albania with the first country records for eight species. Journal of natural history, 50(7-8), 513-521
*Sierro, A. 199
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*Sierro, A. & Arlettaz, R. 1997. Barbastelle bats (''Barbastella'' spp.) specialize in the predation of moths: implications for foraging tactics and conservation. Acta Oecologica, 18(2), 91–106.
*Temple, H.J. and Terry, A. (Compilers). 2007
The Status and Distribution of European Mammals
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Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK : IUCN. vii+32pp.
*Théou, P. & Bego, F. 2018
Bats of Albania
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*Trujillo, D., Ibáñez, C., & Juste, J. 2002
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The ''Revue suisse de Zoologie'' (English: ''Swiss Journal of Zoology'') is a biannual peer-reviewed scientific journal for zoological systematics. It is published by the Natural History Museum of Geneva (Switzerland). It is financed by the Swis ...
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{{refend
External links
{{Commons category, Barbastella barbastellus
ARKive page about barbastellesWoodland Management For Bats Guide
{{Webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130319132917/http://www.forestry.gov.uk/forestry/INFD-6K3CXY , date=19 March 2013
''Barbastella barbastellus'' - Science for Nature Foundation
Western Barbastelle Bat (Science For Nature Foundation)
{{Vespertilionidae, V., Pl.
{{Taxonbar, from=Q215907
Barbastella
Mammals of Russia
Bats of Europe
Mammals of Turkey
Mammals of Azerbaijan
Mammals of the Middle East
Mammals of North Africa
Mammals of the Canary Islands
Mammals described in 1774
Taxa named by Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber
Habitats Directive species