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Barbara Kolb (February 10, 1938 – October 21, 2024) was an American composer and educator, the first woman to win the
Rome Prize The Rome Prize is awarded by the American Academy in Rome, in Rome, Italy. Approximately thirty scholars and artists are selected each year to receive a study fellowship at the academy. Recipients must be American citizens. Prizes have been aw ...
in musical composition. Her music features
sound mass In musical composition, a sound mass or sound collective is the result of compositional techniques, in which "the importance of individual pitches" is minimized "in preference for texture, timbre, and dynamics as primary shapers of gesture and ...
es of colorful textures, impressionistic sounds and
atonal Atonality in its broadest sense is music that lacks a tonal center, or key. ''Atonality'', in this sense, usually describes compositions written from about the early 20th-century to the present day, where a hierarchy of harmonies focusing on ...
vocabulary, with influences from literary and visual arts. She taught at the Third Street Music School Settlement,
Rhode Island College Rhode Island College (RIC) is a public college in Rhode Island, United States, with much of the land in Providence, Rhode Island, Providence, and other parts in North Providence, Rhode Island, North Providence. The college was established in 18 ...
and
Eastman School of Music The Eastman School of Music is the music school of the University of Rochester, a private research university in Rochester, New York, United States. Established in 1921 by celebrated industrialist and philanthropist George Eastman, it was the ...
.


Life and music

Kolb was born in
Hartford Hartford is the List of capitals in the United States, capital city of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The city, located in Hartford County, Connecticut, Hartford County, had a population of 121,054 as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 ce ...
, Connecticut, on February 10, 1938 (many sources erroneously state her birth year as 1939). As her father was the music director of WTIC there, she was exposed to music early, meeting musicians. She went to jazz clubs with her parents. Kolb studied clarinet and composition at the Hartt College of Music (now
The Hartt School The Hartt School is the performing arts conservatory of the University of Hartford, a private university in West Hartford, Connecticut. Founded in 1920 by Julius Hartt and Moshe Paranov, Hartt has been part of the University of Hartford since it ...
) at the
University of Hartford The University of Hartford (UHart) is a private university in West Hartford, Connecticut, United States. Its main campus extends into neighboring Hartford and Bloomfield. It enrolled approximately 6,000 undergraduate and graduate students as ...
with Arnold Franchetti, receiving her B.M. (cum laude) in 1961 and her M.M. degree in 1964. Kolb was a proficient clarinetist. At the Berkshire Music Center in Tanglewood, she studied composition with Lukas Foss and
Gunther Schuller Gunther Alexander Schuller (November 22, 1925June 21, 2015) was an American composer, conductor, horn player, author, historian, educator, publisher, and jazz musician. Biography and works Early years Schuller was born in Queens, New York City ...
. Following her graduation, Kolb relocated to Vienna, Austria, from 1966 to 1967 with a
Fulbright Fellowship The Fulbright Program, including the Fulbright–Hays Program, is one of several United States cultural exchange programs with the goal of improving intercultural relations, cultural diplomacy, and intercultural competence between the people o ...
grant. Kolb was the first female American composer to win the
Rome Prize The Rome Prize is awarded by the American Academy in Rome, in Rome, Italy. Approximately thirty scholars and artists are selected each year to receive a study fellowship at the academy. Recipients must be American citizens. Prizes have been aw ...
, in 1969–1971. Kolb's composition ''Soundings'' was premiered by the
Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center The Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center (CMS) is an American organization dedicated to the performance and promotion of chamber music in New York City and around the world. It is the largest organization of its kind in the country for chamber m ...
in 1972. It was performed in a revised version for orchestra in 1975, played by the
New York Philharmonic The New York Philharmonic is an American symphony orchestra based in New York City. Known officially as the ''Philharmonic-Symphony Society of New York, Inc.'', and globally known as the ''New York Philharmonic Orchestra'' (NYPO) or the ''New Yo ...
conducted by
Pierre Boulez Pierre Louis Joseph Boulez (; 26 March 19255 January 2016) was a French composer, conductor and writer, and the founder of several musical institutions. He was one of the dominant figures of post-war contemporary classical music. Born in Montb ...
, with the orchestra positioned in three groups on the stage. She received commissions from the Fromm Foundation at Harvard University. From 1979 to 1982, Kolb served as the artistic director of contemporary music at the Third Street Music School Settlement, where she presented the "Music New to New York" concert series, a series that featured composers from outside New York City. Additionally, she had a teaching career at
Rhode Island College Rhode Island College (RIC) is a public college in Rhode Island, United States, with much of the land in Providence, Rhode Island, Providence, and other parts in North Providence, Rhode Island, North Providence. The college was established in 18 ...
and at
Eastman School of Music The Eastman School of Music is the music school of the University of Rochester, a private research university in Rochester, New York, United States. Established in 1921 by celebrated industrialist and philanthropist George Eastman, it was the ...
as a visiting professor in composition, as well as an association with The MacDowell Colony. She developed a course in music theory course for blind and physically disabled people from 1982 to 1986. In 1983–1984, Kolb was in residence at
IRCAM IRCAM (French: ''Ircam, '', English: Institute for Research and Coordination in Acoustics/Music) is a French institute dedicated to the research of music and sound, especially in the fields of Avant-garde music, avant garde and Electroacoustic ...
in Paris for nine months, where she received the commission for '' Millefoglie''. The piece was premiered at the
Centre Pompidou The Centre Pompidou (), more fully the (), also known as the Pompidou Centre in English and colloquially as Beaubourg, is a building complex in Paris, France. It was designed in the style of high-tech architecture by the architectural team of ...
in Paris on June 5, 1985, by the Ensemble intercontemporain conducted by Péter Eötvös. She received the 1987 Kennedy Center Friedheim Award for it, and it became performed at major venues Amsterdam, Helsinki, Vienna, Montreal and Tokyo. Kolb composed ''Voyants'', a concerto for piano and chamber orchestra, in 1991, dedicated to the memory of
Aaron Copland Aaron Copland (, ; November 14, 1900December 2, 1990) was an American composer, critic, writer, teacher, pianist, and conductor of his own and other American music. Copland was referred to by his peers and critics as the "Dean of American Compos ...
. Commissioned by
Radio France Radio France () is the French national public radio broadcaster. Stations Radio France offers seven national networks: *France Inter — Radio France's "generalist media, generalist" station, featuring entertaining and informative talk mixed wi ...
, it received its world premiere at the
Théâtre des Champs-Élysées The Théâtre des Champs-Élysées () is an entertainment venue standing at 15 avenue Montaigne in Paris. It is situated near Avenue des Champs-Élysées, from which it takes its name. Its eponymous main hall may seat up to 1,905 people, while th ...
with soloist Jay Gottlieb and the Orchestre philharmonique de Radio France, conducted by Joel Revsen. A selection of Kolb's compositions were featured at the
Kennedy Center The John F. Kennedy Memorial Center for the Performing Arts, commonly known as the Kennedy Center, is the national cultural center of the United States, located on the eastern bank of the Potomac River in Washington, D.C. Opened on September 8, ...
in Washington, D.C., performed by the Theatre Chamber Players in 1992, including the American premiere of ''Voyant'' and the world premiere of ''Introduction and Allegra'' for guitar. Kolb composed ''All in Good Time'' on a commission from New York Philharmonic for its 150th anniversary in 1993. The world premiere was played in 1994 conducted by
Leonard Slatkin Leonard Edward Slatkin (born September 1, 1944) is an American conductor, author and composer. Early life and education Slatkin was born in Los Angeles to a Jewish musical family that came from areas of the Russian Empire now in Ukraine. His fat ...
, who also led performances of it with the
St. Louis Symphony Orchestra The St. Louis Symphony Orchestra (SLSO) is an American symphony orchestra based in St. Louis, Missouri. Founded in 1880 by Joseph Otten as the St. Louis Choral Society, the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra is the second-oldest professional symphony or ...
and the
San Francisco Symphony The San Francisco Symphony, founded in 1911, is an American orchestra based in San Francisco, California. Since 1980 the orchestra has been resident at the Louise M. Davies Symphony Hall in the city's Hayes Valley, San Francisco, Hayes Valley ne ...
. It was recorded by the
Grant Park Symphony Orchestra The Grant Park Symphony Orchestra or simply the Grant Park Orchestra is a publicly sponsored symphony orchestra that provides free performances in the Grant Park Music Festival during the summer months in Millennium Park in Chicago, Illinois. Its ...
, conducted by Carlos Kalmar, along with works by
John Corigliano John Paul Corigliano (born February 16, 1938) is an American composer of contemporary classical music. With over 100 compositions, he has won accolades including a Pulitzer Prize, five Grammy Awards, Grawemeyer Award for Music Composition, and a ...
,
Aaron Jay Kernis Aaron Jay Kernis (born January 15, 1960) is a Pulitzer Prize- and Grammy Award-winning American composer serving as a member of the Yale School of Music faculty. Kernis spent 15 years as the music advisor to the Minnesota Orchestra and as direct ...
, John Harbison and Michael Hersch on a CD released by Cedille Records in 2006. Albums devoted solely to Kolb's music have been released by CRI and
New World Records New World Records is a record label that was established in 1975 through a Rockefeller Foundation grant to celebrate America's bicentennial (1976) by producing a 100-LP anthology, with American music from many genres.Boosey and Hawkes. Kolb died at her home in
North Providence, Rhode Island North Providence is a town in Providence County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 34,114 at the 2020 census. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the Town of North Providence has a total area of , of which ...
, on October 21, 2024, at the age of 86.


Compositions

Kolb's music was sometimes inspired by literary and visual arts. It features
sound mass In musical composition, a sound mass or sound collective is the result of compositional techniques, in which "the importance of individual pitches" is minimized "in preference for texture, timbre, and dynamics as primary shapers of gesture and ...
es, often in vertical structures through simultaneous
rhythm Rhythm (from Greek , ''rhythmos'', "any regular recurring motion, symmetry") generally means a " movement marked by the regulated succession of strong and weak elements, or of opposite or different conditions". This general meaning of regular r ...
ic or
melodic A melody (), also tune, voice, or line, is a linear succession of musical tones that the listener perceives as a single entity. In its most literal sense, a melody is a combination of pitch and rhythm, while more figuratively, the term c ...
units ( motifs or
figure Figure may refer to: General *A shape, drawing, depiction, or geometric configuration *Figure (wood), wood appearance *Figure (music), distinguished from musical motif * Noise figure, in telecommunication * Dance figure, an elementary dance patt ...
s). Kolb's musical style can be identified by her use of colorful textures, impressionistic touch, and
atonal Atonality in its broadest sense is music that lacks a tonal center, or key. ''Atonality'', in this sense, usually describes compositions written from about the early 20th-century to the present day, where a hierarchy of harmonies focusing on ...
vocabulary. Some compositions are influenced by
minimal music Minimal music (also called minimalism)"Minimalism in music has been defined as an aesthetic, a style, and a technique, each of which has been a suitable description of the term at certain points in the development of minimal music. However, two ...
, some feature "a distinct jazz influence". Her works have been published by Boosey & Hawkes, including: * ''Three Medieval Chants'' for saxophone quartet, 2005–2018 * ''Aubade'' for mandolin orchestra, 2003 * ''The Web Spinner'' for chamber orchestra, 2003 * ''Antoine's Tango'' for piano, 2001 * ''Introduction and Allegro'' for wind band, 2001 * ''Virgo Mater Creatrix'' (''Virgin Mother Creatrix'') for a cappella choir, 1998 * ''New York Moonglow'', ballet, for ensemble, 1995 * ''Sidebars'' for bassoon and piano, 1995/96 * ''Turnabout'' in one movement, for flute and piano, 1994 * ''In Memory of David Huntley'' for string quartet, 1994 * ''All in Good Time'' for orchestra, 1993 * ''Cloudspin'' (''Cumulus'') for organ, 1991, rev. 2007 * ''Voyants'' for piano and chamber orchestra, 1991 * ''Monticello Trio'' in two movements, for piano trio, 1991 * ''Extremes'' for flute and cello, 1988/89 * ''The Enchanted Loom'' in three untitled movements, for orchestra, 1988/89 * ''Broken Slurs'' for guitar, 1988 * ''Yet That Things Go Round'' for chamber orchestra, 1987 * ''Umbrian Colors'' for guitar and violin, 1986 * ''Time... And Again'' for oboe, string quartet and computer-generated sounds, 1985 * ''Cavatina'' for violin or viola solo, 1983, rev. 1985 * ''Millefoglie'' for ensemble and tape, 1984/85 * ''Cantico'' for electronics, 1982 * ''Related Characters'' for clarinet (or trumpet, or saxophone, or viola) and piano, 1982 * ''The Point that Divides the Wind'' for organ, four percussionists, and three male voices, 1982 * ''Three Lullabies'' for guitar, 1980 * ''Chromatic Fantasy'' for narrator and six instruments, 1979 * ''Grisaille'' for orchestra, 1978/79 * ''Homage to Keith Jarrett and Gary Burton'' for flute and vibraphone, 1976 * ''Appello'' for piano, 1976 * ''Songs Before an Adieu'' for soprano, flute/alto flute, and guitar, 1976–79 * ''Looking for Claudio'' for guitar and pre-recorded tape, 1975 * ''Spring River Flowers Moon Night'' for two pianos and pre-recorded tape, 1974/75 * ''Soundings'' for orchestra, 1971/72, rev. 1975, 1978 * ''Soundings'' for chamber ensemble and pre-recorded tape, 1971/72 * ''Solitaire'' for piano and pre-recorded tape, 1971 * ''Toccata'' for harpsichord and pre-recorded tape, 1971 * ''Trobar Clus'' for chamber ensemble, 1970 * ''Crosswinds'' for wind ensemble and percussion, 1969 * ''Rebuttal'' for two clarinets, 1965 Early works not in the Boosey & Hawkes catalogue include: * ''Fanfare'', 1970 * ''Pulse & Counterflux'', 1968 * ''New York-Le Havre'', 1968 * ''Three Place Settings'', 1968 * ''Four Approaches'', 1967 * ''Chanson Bas'', 1966 * ''Sequela'' for orchestra, 1965 * ''The Pleasures of Merely Circulating'' for chorus, 1964 * ''Three Songs'' for baritone and piano, 1964


Discography


Albums with exclusively Kolb's music

* Barbara Kolb: ''Millefoglie and Other Works'' (1992). Music Today and Nouvel Ensemble Moderne. Includes Kolb's ''Millefoglie'', ''Extremes'', ''Chromatic Fantasy'', and ''Solitaire'' (New World Records 80422–2). * Barbara Kolb: ''Soundings and Other Works'' (1990). Ensemble intercontemporain conducted by Arthur Tamayo;
Igor Kipnis Igor Kipnis (September 27, 1930January 23, 2002) was a German-born American harpsichordist, pianist and conductor. Biography The son of Metropolitan Opera bass Alexander Kipnis, he was born in Berlin, where his father was singing with the Berl ...
, harpsichord; Jay Gottlieb, piano, etc.; includes Kolb's ''Soundings'' (1971–72), ''Toccata'' (1971), ''Appello'' (1976), ''Looking for Claudio'' (1975), and ''Spring River Flowers Moon Night'' (1974–75) (Composers Recordings Inc. CD 576).


Other albums

* ''Related Characters'' – featuring Bill Perconti, James March, and Iowa Brass Quintet – includes Kolb's ''Related Characters'' for alto saxophone and piano (1982) (Centaur). * ''American Orchestra Works'' – featuring the
Grant Park Symphony Orchestra The Grant Park Symphony Orchestra or simply the Grant Park Orchestra is a publicly sponsored symphony orchestra that provides free performances in the Grant Park Music Festival during the summer months in Millennium Park in Chicago, Illinois. Its ...
conducted by Carlos Kalmar – includes Kolb's ''All in Good Time'' (1993) (Cedille).


References


Further reading

* * * * Kolb, Barbara
"When did first you know that you would be a composer and what is the earliest work that you still acknowledge?"
(essay) newmusicusa.org January 2001


External links

* *
Barbara Kolb
at the Boston Modern Orchestra Project {{DEFAULTSORT:Kolb, Barbara 1938 births 2024 deaths 20th-century American women composers 20th-century American classical composers 21st-century American women composers 21st-century American classical composers American women classical composers American women in electronic music Classical musicians from Connecticut Musicians from Hartford, Connecticut University of Hartford Hartt School alumni