Barbara Crane (March 19, 1928 – August 7, 2019) was an American artist photographer born in

Chicago, Illinois Chicago is the List of municipalities in Illinois, most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and in the Midwestern United States. With a population of 2,746,388, as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, it is the List of Unite ...

. Crane worked with a variety of materials including Polaroid, gelatin silver, and

platinum prints Platinum prints, also called ''platinotypes'', are photographic prints made by a monochrome photographic printing, printing process involving platinum. Platinum tones range from warm black, to reddish brown, to expanded mid-tone grays that are ...

among others. She was known for her experimental and innovative work that challenges the straight photograph by incorporating

sequencing In genetics and biochemistry, sequencing means to determine the primary structure (sometimes incorrectly called the primary sequence) of an unbranched biopolymer. Sequencing results in a symbolic linear depiction known as a sequence which succ ...

, layered negatives, and repeated frames.

Naomi Rosenblum Naomi Rosenblum, PhD, (January 26, 1925 – February 19, 2021) was the author "of two landmark histories of photography, ''A World History of Photography'' (1984) and ''A History of Women Photographers'' (1994), and dozens of seminal articles and ...

notes that Crane "pioneered the use of repetition to convey the mechanical character of much of contemporary life, even in its recreational aspects." Crane was the recipient of

fellowship A fellow is a title and form of address for distinguished, learned, or skilled individuals in academia, medicine, research, and industry. The exact meaning of the term differs in each field. In learned or professional societies, the term refers ...

s and grants, such as the

Illinois Arts Council The Illinois Arts Council is a government agency of the state of Illinois formed to encourage development of the arts throughout Illinois. Founded in 1965 by the Illinois General Assembly, the Illinois Arts Council provides financial and technica ...

Artists Fellowship (2001),

National Endowment for the Arts The National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) is an independent agency of the United States federal government that offers support and funding for projects exhibiting artistic excellence. It was created in 1965 as an independent agency of the feder ...

Grant (1988, 1974),

Polaroid Corporation Polaroid Corporation was an American company that made instant film and cameras, which survives as a brand for consumer electronics. The company was founded in 1937 by Edwin H. Land, to exploit his Polaroid (polarizer), Polaroid polarizing polyme ...

Materials Grants (1979–1995), and John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship in Photography (1979).Heller, Jules and Nancy G. Heller, eds. ''North American Women Artists of the Twentieth Century.'' New York: Routledge, 2013. Crane has also been an honored educator for the National Society for Photographic Education (1993); a distinguished artist at the Union League Club in Chicago, Illinois (2006); and a distinguished artist at

Brown University Brown University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Providence, Rhode Island, United States. It is the List of colonial colleges, seventh-oldest institution of higher education in the US, founded in 1764 as the ' ...

, Providence, Rhode Island (2006). Her awards also include the YWCA Outstanding Achievement Award (1987) and the Ruth Horwich Award to a Famous Chicago Artist (Chicago, Illinois, 2009). In 2013, Barbara Crane was named artist honoree at the

Hyde Park Art Center The Hyde Park Art Center (HPAC) is a visual arts organization and the oldest alternative exhibition space in the city of Chicago. Since 2006, HPAC has been located just north of Hyde Park Boulevard, at 5020 S.Cornell Avenue, in the Kenwood neigh ...

in Chicago, Illinois. Crane's work is represented in numerous public collections including the International Center for Photography, New York City; the

George Eastman Museum The George Eastman Museum, also referred to as George Eastman House and the International Museum of Photography and Film, is a photography museum in Rochester, New York. Opened to the public in 1949, is the oldest museum dedicated to photography ...

, Rochester, NY; the

Art Institute of Chicago The Art Institute of Chicago, founded in 1879, is one of the oldest and largest art museums in the United States. The museum is based in the Art Institute of Chicago Building in Chicago's Grant Park (Chicago), Grant Park. Its collection, stewa ...

; the

J. Paul Getty Museum The J. Paul Getty Museum, commonly referred to as the Getty, is an art museum in Los Angeles, California, United States, housed on two campuses: the Getty Center and Getty Villa. It is operated by the J. Paul Getty Trust, the world's wealthies ...

, Los Angeles; the

National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto The is an art museum in Kyoto, Japan. This Kyoto museum is also known by the English acronym MoMAK (Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto). History The National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto (MoMAK) was initially created as the Annex Museum of the Nationa ...

; the

Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago The Museum of Contemporary Art (MCA) Chicago is a contemporary art art gallery, museum near Water Tower Place in the Near North Side, Chicago, Near North Side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. The museum, which was established in 1967, is on ...

; the

Museum of Fine Arts, Houston The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (MFAH), is an art museum located in the Houston Museum District of Houston, Texas. The permanent collection of the museum spans more than 5,000 years of history with nearly 80,000 works from six continents. Follo ...

; and the WestLicht Museum of Photography, Vienna, Austria. Crane's archive resides at the

Center for Creative Photography The Center for Creative Photography (CCP), established in 1975 and located on the University of Arizona's Tucson campus, is a research facility and archival repository containing the full archives of over sixty of the most famous American ph ...

at the University of Arizona in Tucson, AZ.

Education and teaching career

Crane began her studies in art history at

Mills College Mills College at Northeastern University in Oakland, California is part of Northeastern University's global university system. Mills College was founded as the Young Ladies Seminary in 1852 in Benicia, California; it was relocated to Oakland in ...

in Oakland, California in 1945. She transferred to

New York University New York University (NYU) is a private university, private research university in New York City, New York, United States. Chartered in 1831 by the New York State Legislature, NYU was founded in 1832 by Albert Gallatin as a Nondenominational ...

in 1948. In 1950, she received her BA in art history from

. After recommencing her career in photography, Barbara Crane showed a portfolio of her work to

Aaron Siskind Aaron Siskind (December 4, 1903 – February 8, 1991) was an American photographer whose work focuses on the details of things, presented as flat surfaces to create a new image independent of the original subject. He was closely involved with, if ...

in 1964 and was admitted to the Graduate Program in Photography at the Institute of Design at the

Illinois Institute of Technology The Illinois Institute of Technology, commonly referred to as Illinois Tech and IIT, is a Private university, private research university in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Tracing its history to 1890, the present name was adopted upon the m ...

.Foerstner, Abigail. “The Path to the Perfect Photograph” in Barbara Crane: Challenging Vision. Chicago: City of Chicago, Department of Cultural Affairs, 2009. Crane then studied under Siskind at the Institute of Design, Illinois Institute of Technology, and received her MS from the Institute in 1966. Crane's

master's degree A master's degree (from Latin ) is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities or colleges upon completion of a course of study demonstrating mastery or a high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional prac ...

thesis focused on "sculptural patterns through abstractions of the human body." The images for this series depict bodies against white or black backgrounds – the overexposed, overdeveloped nature of the film turns these bodies into abstract outlines. John Rohrbach states, "each body almost dissolves, becoming a sinuous river flowing across a snowy landscape. This unnerving disconnect between what is seen and what is known would become a central theme of her career."Rohrbach, John. “Seeing Life Differently” in Barbara Crane: Challenging Vision. Chicago: City of Chicago, Department of Cultural Affairs, 2009. While in the MA program at the Institute of Design at the Illinois Institute of Technology, Crane was hired to start and chair the photography program at

New Trier High School New Trier High School (, also known as New Trier Township High School or NTHS) is a public four-year high school whose main campus for sophomores through seniors is in Winnetka, Illinois, United States, with a campus in Northfield, Illinois, for ...

Winnetka, Illinois Winnetka () is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States, north of downtown Chicago. The population was 12,475 as of the 2020 census. The village is one of the wealthiest places in the United States in terms of household income. It was ...

, where she taught for three years. Eighteen months after graduating from ID, she secured a position to teach photography at the

School of the Art Institute of Chicago The School of the Art Institute of Chicago (SAIC) is a Private university, private art school associated with the Art Institute of Chicago (AIC) in Chicago, Illinois. Tracing its history to an art students' cooperative founded in 1866, which gr ...

which she held from 1967 (becoming a full professor in 1978) through 1995. Throughout her teaching career, Crane also traveled as both a visiting professor and artist for institutions including

Bezalel Academy of Art and Design Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design () is a public college of design and art located in Jerusalem. Established in 1906 by Jewish painter and sculptor Boris Schatz, Bezalel is Israel's oldest institution of higher education and is considered the ...

in Jerusalem (1987),

Cornell University Cornell University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university based in Ithaca, New York, United States. The university was co-founded by American philanthropist Ezra Cornell and historian and educator Andrew Dickson W ...

in Ithaca, New York (1983), the School of the Museum of Fine Arts of Boston (1979), University of the Arts in Philadelphia (1977), and the Institute of Design at the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago (1969). In 1971, Crane visited

Ansel Adams Ansel Easton Adams (February 20, 1902 – April 22, 1984) was an American landscape photographer and environmentalist known for his Monochrome photography, black-and-white images of the American West. He helped found Group f/64, an association ...

at his home to show him a selection of her work. Adams told an assistant "See I told you photographers could still do something different" upon viewing her Repeats series. After this encounter, Adams hired Crane to teach workshops at

Yosemite Yosemite National Park ( ) is a national park of the United States in California. It is bordered on the southeast by Sierra National Forest and on the northwest by Stanislaus National Forest. The park is managed by the National Park Service ...

between 1977 and 1980. During Crane's

Guggenheim Fellowship Guggenheim Fellowships are Grant (money), grants that have been awarded annually since by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, endowed by the late Simon Guggenheim, Simon and Olga Hirsh Guggenheim. These awards are bestowed upon indiv ...

(1979), she collaborated with the

in Tucson, Arizona to create a career retrospective of her work. During her time in Boston, she formed a relationship with the Polaroid Corporation and through the Polaroid Artist Support Program she experimented with Polaroid black & white and color photographic materials in numerous series. In 1995, Crane became

professor emeritus ''Emeritus/Emerita'' () is an honorary title granted to someone who retirement, retires from a position of distinction, most commonly an academic faculty position, but is allowed to continue using the previous title, as in "professor emeritus". ...

at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago.

Projects

* Official Photographer for Commission on Chicago Historical and Architectural Landmarks (1972–1979). During this seven-year project, Crane photographed the design and contextual relationships of buildings in the Chicago area. * ''Neon Series'' (1969) is a series "juxtaposing neon lights over faces like ceremonial urban masks". The photographs capture people's faces exiting the Carson Pirie Scott Department store. John Rohrbach notes that the overlay of neon on the shoppers' faces suggests "commerce's domination" over them. * ''People of the North Portal'' (1970–1971) captures the reactions of people exiting Chicago's Museum of Science and Industry – this series focuses on the human experience. * ''Chicago Beaches and Parks'' (1972) series takes after the stylizations of

street photography Street photography is photography conducted for art or inquiry that features unmediated chance encounters and random incidents within Public space, public places. It usually has the aim of capturing images at a decisive or poignant moment by caref ...

. Crane photographed unposed individuals during their visits to parks and beaches around Chicago. John Rohrbach notes, "they deliver a grand sociological study of public activity: dancing, wooing, tending to children, showing off, catching sun and even taking snapshots". *''Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina'' (1974) combines multiple film formats (4x5 and half-frame 35 mm film). This project depicts the residents and all the houses on the Wrightsville Beach peninsula at sunrise and sunset. * ''Baxter Labs'' (1974–1975) is a corporate commission for the Baxter Travenol Laboratories, a pharmaceutical company located in

Deerfield, Illinois Deerfield is a village in Lake County, Illinois, Lake and Cook County, Illinois, Cook counties in the U.S. state of Illinois. A northern Chicago metropolitan area, suburb of Chicago, Deerfield is located on the North Shore (Chicago), North Shore, ...

. The company approached Crane to create twenty-six murals measuring approximately 8 x 10 feet each that montage lab equipment with scenes of Crane's choosing. The murals no longer exist, but Crane retains transparency copies. * ''Repeats'' (1969–1978) and "Petites Choses" (1974–1975) combine series of repeated images into patterns by printing strips of 35mm film frames directly onto photographic paper. Crane refers to music as an influence in these series stating "while doing the 'Repeats' and 'Petites Choses'" series, I was taking notes at the symphony as visual diagrams of the crescendos, legatos, and staccatos in order to widen my visual experience." These series form a tapestry of images influenced by her musical interests. * ''Chicago Loop'' (1976–1978) contains images of building walls in Chicago's downtown Loop. The photographs were taken with a 5 x 7 inch view camera and visualized on the ground glass of the camera so as to abstract the interplay and adjacencies of the layers of buildings and emphasize the repetition, layering and confusion of shapes and forms. * ''Commuter Discourse'' (1978) focuses on light and shadow. Crane took photographs of rush-hour crowds using a 35mm Leica with a 21mm wide-angle lens. The resulting images depict exaggerated body parts and shadows that extend to the edges of the frame. The focus of the series lay in the bodies rather than the identities of the individuals. * ''Monster Series, Chicago Dry Docks'' (1983) utilizes a close-up perspective and on-camera flash to distort boat details. * ''Visions of Enarc'' (1983–1986) experiments with wide angle, close up, flash and overexposure influencing the later "Wipe Outs". Crane's statement notes that Visions of Enarc "reveals a natural word that I have twisted, thereby producing an alternative world simultaneously surreal, ominous, and romantic."General statement
barbaracrane.desordre.net * ''Wipe Outs'' (1986) also experiments with flash and overexposure. The overexposure erases individual identity but captures common human behaviors. * ''Objets Trouvé'' (1982–1988) stems from Crane's interest in discarded objects, their life cycles and transformations. She notes that the series "embodies a suggestion of human evolution and human fatalities". * ''Coloma to Covert'' (1987–2013) is a series comprising 26 years of work. These photographs were taken in a wooded area along Lake Michigan in southwestern Michigan between the two small towns of Coloma and Covert where Crane purchased a cabin in 1987. The series leaves the viewer with an uneasy feeling and focuses on form, abstraction, light and other elements of the nature of the area. * ''Sand Findings'' (1992–1993) is a series that uses very limited focus to place parts of the image in focus and others out of focus. The resulting images make space difficult to determine. * ''Schisms'' (2001) is a series that combines color prints from the forest to create interesting and unique pairings. * ''Still Lifes'' (1997–2002) isolates dead animals and found natural objects against a black background. * ''Inner Circles'' (2003–2004) These photographs consist of multiple circular frames reminiscent of peepholes with repeated images of nature or the city taken in both Chicago and the woodlands.

Selected retrospective and solo exhibitions

* 2014 ''Barbara Crane: Chicago Loop 1976–1978'', Higher Pictures, New York, NY. * 2013 ''Barbara Crane and John Miller: a Colorful Couple'', Chicago Photography Gallery, two-person, Chicago, IL. * 2012 ''Barbara Crane: Challenging Vision'', Brierly Gallery, New Trier High School, Winnetka, IL. * 2011 ''Barbara Crane: Challenging Vision'', Griffin Museum of Photography, Winchester, MA. * 2011 ''Barbara Crane: An Infernal Beauty'', ThinkArt, Chicago, IL. * 2010 ''Barbara Crane: Private Views'', Stephen Wirtz Gallery, San Francisco, CA. * 2010 ''Barbara Crane: Challenging Vision'', Galerie François Paviot, Paris, France. * 2009–2010 ''Barbara Crane: Challenging Vision'', Chicago Cultural Center, Chicago, IL. * 2009–2010 ''Barbara Crane: Repeats'', Higher Pictures, New York, NY. * 2009–2010 ''Private Views'', Aperture Foundation, New York, NY. * 2009–2010 ''Barbara Crane: Then/Now'', Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL. * 2009 ''Barbara Crane: Challenging Vision'', Amon Carter Museum, Fort Worth, TX. * 2009 ''Barbara Crane: Private Views – Public Spaces'', Stephen Daiter Gallery, Chicago, IL. * 2008–2009 ''Barbara Crane: Selected Early Works'', Higher Pictures, New York, NY. * 2005 ''Barbara Crane: Snap to Grid'', FLATFILE Gallery, Chicago, IL. * 2004 ''Barbara Crane: Still Lifes – Natures Mortes'', Hellenic American Union, Athens, Greece. * 2004 ''Barbara Crane: Still Lifes – Natures Mortes'', Chicago Cultural Center, Chicago, IL. * 2003 ''Barbara Crane: Mid-Career at Seventy-Five'', Stephen Daiter Gallery, Chicago, IL. * 2003 ''Barbara Crane: Natures Mortes, Photosynkyria'', Macedonia Museum of Modern Art, Thessaloniki, Greece. * 2002 ''Barbara Crane: Urban Anomalies'', Museum of Contemporary Photography, Chicago, IL. * 2001–02 ''Barbara Crane: Chicago Loop'', LaSalle Bank, and Museum of Contemporary Photography, Chicago, IL. * 1997 ''Barbara Crane'', Lallak+Tom, Chicago, IL. * 1997 ''Barbara Crane: Woodland Vestiges: From Coloma to Covert'', Mills College Art Gallery, Oakland, CA. * 1994 ''Sticks and Stones'', Gallery 954, Chicago, IL. * 1994 ''Barbara Crane: Photographie'', Galerie Suzel Berna, Paris, France. * 1993 ''Harmonic Distortions'', Prague House of Photography, Prague, Czech Republic. * 1993 ''Transformations and Aberrations'', Gallery 954, Chicago, IL. * 1992–93 ''Barbara Crane: Israeli Suite'', Spertus Museum, Chicago, IL. * 1992 ''Coloma to Covert, Etc'', Middle Tennessee State University Photo Gallery, Murfreesboro, TN. * 1990 ''Barbara Crane Photographs: Misrepresentations'', May Gallery, Sverdrup Technology Center, Webster University, St Louis, MO. * 1990 ''Barbara Crane,'' Photography Center Gallery, The 92nd St Y, New York, NY. * 1989 ''Barbara Crane: Hanmadang Gallery'', Seoul, Korea. * 1989 ''Barbara Crane: New Work'', Jones Troyer Fitzpatrick Gallery, Washington, DC. * 1987 ''Barbara Crane: Distortion by Exaggeration'', Museum of Contemporary Photography, Columbia College, Chicago, IL. * 1987 Bezalel Academy of Art & Design, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel. * 1986 Tweed Museum of Art, Univ. of Minnesota, Duluth, MN * 1985 ''Barbara Crane: Photographs'', Jones Troyer Gallery, Washington, DC. * 1983 ''Barbara Crane'', Nexus Gallery, Atlanta, GA. * 1983 ''Barbara Crane'', Herbert E. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. * 1983 ''Barbara Crane'', Douglas Elliot Gallery, San Francisco, CA * 1983 ''Objet Trouve'', Int'l Museum of Photography, George Eastman House, Rochester, NY. * 1981 ''Recent Work'', Young Hoffman Gallery, Chicago, IL. * 1980 ''Barbara Crane'', Vision Gallery, Boston, MA. * 1978 ''Barbara Crane'', Center for Photographic Studies, Louisville, KY. * 1975 ''Barbara Crane'', Friends of Photography, Carmel, CA. * 1974 ''Barbara Crane'', F22 Gallery, Santa Fe, NM. * 1973 ''Barbara Crane'', University of Iowa Museum, Iowa City, IA. * 1972 ''People of the North Portal'', Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago, IL. * 1969 ''Barbara Crane'', Friends of Photography, Carmel, CA. * 1968 ''Barbara Crane'', Hunter Gallery, Aspen, CO.

Publications

* ''Barbara Crane: Challenging Vision'', retrospective monograph, Chicago Department of Cultural Affairs, July 2009, essays by John Rohrbach and Abigail Foestner, 285 images, 252 pgs. * ''Barbara Crane: Private Views'', monograph, Aperture Foundation Foundation, Feb 2009, essay by Barbara Hitchcock, 103 images, 112 pgs. * ''Barbara Crane: Grids'', exhibition catalog, May 2005, essay by Claire Cass, 11 images, 12 pgs. * ''Barbara Crane Still Lifes: Natures Mortes'', exhibition catalog, Chicago Cultural Center, 2004, essayby Sofia Zutautas, 13 images, 16 pgs. * "Barbara Crane: Human Forms", Camera Obscura LV (#55), Winter 2003, 16 pg portfolio insert. * ''Barbara Crane & John F. Miller: Together'', exhibition catalog, FLATFILE Gallery, Chicago, IL, Sept 2002, essays by Claire Wolf Krantz and Michael A. Weinstein, 6 images, 16 pgs. * ''Barbara Crane: Urban Anomalies'', exhibition catalog, Museum of Contemporary Photography, Chicago, IL, 2002, essay by Michael A. Weinstein, 20 images, 48 pgs. * ''Barbara Crane: Chicago Loop'', monograph, LaSalle Bank, Chicago, IL, Feb 2002, essay by Sarah Anne McNear, 40 images, 60 pgs. * ''Barbara Crane: 1948–1980'', retrospective monograph, Center for Creative Photography, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 1981, essays by Estelle Jussim and Paul Vanderbilt, 129 images, 138 pgs. * ''Barbara Crane: The Evolution of a Vision'', exhibition catalog, Albin O. Kuhn Library & Gallery, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Polaroid Corporation, April 1983, essay by Tom Beck, 25 images, 22 pgs.

Collections

Crane's work is held in numerous collections both nationally and internationally. The following is a short selection of those collections: *

Amon Carter Museum of American Art The Amon Carter Museum of American Art (also known as the Carter) is located in Fort Worth, Texas, in the city's cultural district. The museum's permanent collection features paintings, photography, sculpture, and works on paper by leading arti ...

, Chicago, ILBarbara Crane, Art Institute of Chicago, https://www.artic.edu/collection?q=%22barbara%20crane%22 * Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris, France * California Museum of Photography, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA * Centre de photographie de Lectoure, Lectoure, France *

, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ * Fonds Nationale D'Art Contemporaine, France *

Hammer Museum The Hammer Museum, which is affiliated with the University of California, Los Angeles, is an art museum and cultural center known for its artist-centric and progressive array of exhibitions and public programs. Founded in 1990 by the entrepreneur- ...

, Grunwald Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA * The JP Morgan Chase Art Collection *

, Los Angeles, CA *

Harry Ransom Center The Harry Ransom Center, known as the Humanities Research Center until 1983, is an archive, library, and museum at the University of Texas at Austin, specializing in the collection of literary and cultural artifacts from the Americas and Europe ...

, University of Texas, Austin, TX *

High Museum of Art The High Museum of Art (colloquially the High) is the largest museum for visual art in the Southeastern United States. Located in Atlanta, Georgia (on Peachtree Street in Midtown, the city's arts district), the High is 312,000 square feet (28, ...

, Atlanta, GA * International Center for Photography, New York, NY * International Museum of Photography, George Eastman House, Rochester, NY * John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Chicago, IL *

John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation The John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation is a private foundation formed in 1925 by Olga and Simon Guggenheim in memory of their son, who died on April 26, 1922. The organization awards Guggenheim Fellowship Guggenheim Fellowships are Gr ...

, New York, NY * Kiyosato Museum of Photographic Art, Tokyo, Japan * National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto, Japan *

Library of Congress The Library of Congress (LOC) is a research library in Washington, D.C., serving as the library and research service for the United States Congress and the ''de facto'' national library of the United States. It also administers Copyright law o ...

, Washington, DC *

Los Angeles County Museum of Art The Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) is an art museum located on Wilshire Boulevard in the Miracle Mile vicinity of Los Angeles. LACMA is on Museum Row, adjacent to the La Brea Tar Pits (George C. Page Museum). LACMA was founded in 1961 ...

, Los Angeles, CA *

Minneapolis Institute of Arts The Minneapolis Institute of Art (Mia) is an arts museum located in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. Home to more than 90,000 works of art representing 5,000 years of world history, Mia is one of the largest art museums in the United Stat ...

, Minneapolis, MN * Musee de L'Elysee, Lausanne, France *

Moderna Museet Moderna Museet is a state museum for modern and contemporary art located on the island of Skeppsholmen in central Stockholm, opened in 1958. In 2009, the museum opened Moderna Museet Malmö in Malmö. History The museum opened in Stockh ...

, Stockholm, Sweden * Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, IL * Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, CA *

Museum of Contemporary Photography A museum is an institution dedicated to displaying or preserving culturally or scientifically significant objects. Many museums have exhibitions of these objects on public display, and some have private collections that are used by researchers ...

at Columbia College, Chicago, IL * Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, TX *

Museum of Modern Art The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street (Manhattan), 53rd Street between Fifth Avenue, Fifth and Sixth Avenues. MoMA's collection spans the late 19th century to the present, a ...

, New York, NY * National Museum of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC * The

Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art is an art gallery, art museum in Kansas City, Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri, known for its encyclopedic collection of art from nearly every continent and culture, and especially for its extensive collection of A ...

, Kansas City, MO *

New York Public Library The New York Public Library (NYPL) is a public library system in New York City. With nearly 53 million items and 92 locations, the New York Public Library is the second-largest public library in the United States behind the Library of Congress a ...

, New York, NY *

Norton Simon Museum The Norton Simon Museum is an art museum located in Pasadena, California. It was previously known as the Pasadena Art Institute and the Pasadena Art Museum and displays numerous sculptures on its grounds. Overview The Norton Simon collections ...

, Pasadena, CA *

San Francisco Museum of Modern Art The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA) is a modern art, modern and contemporary art museum and nonprofit organization located in San Francisco, California. SFMOMA was the first museum on the West Coast devoted solely to 20th-century art ...

, San Francisco, CA *

Santa Barbara Museum of Art The Santa Barbara Museum of Art (SBMA) is an art museum located in downtown Santa Barbara, California. Founded in 1941, it is home to both permanent and special collections, the former of which includes Asian art, Asian, Visual arts of the United ...

, Santa Barbara, CA *

Seattle Art Museum The Seattle Art Museum (commonly known as SAM) is an art museum located in Seattle, Washington (state), Washington, United States. The museum operates three major facilities: its main museum in downtown Seattle; the Seattle Asian Art Museum in ...

, Seattle, WA * Sir Elton John Photography Collection *

Victoria and Albert Museum The Victoria and Albert Museum (abbreviated V&A) in London is the world's largest museum of applied arts, decorative arts and design, housing a permanent collection of over 2.8 million objects. It was founded in 1852 and named after Queen ...

, London, England * WestLicht Museum of Photography, Vienna, Austria

References

External links

* * Rosenblum, Naomi. ''A History of Women Photographers''. New York: Abbeville Press Publishers, 2000. * Hirsch, Robert. ''Seizing the Light: A History of Photography''. Boston: McGraw Hill, 2000.
Heller, Jules and Nancy G. Heller, eds. ''North American Women Artists of the Twentieth Century''. New York: Routledge, 2013. barbaracrane.desordre.net

"Barbara Crane" Stephen Daiter Gallery.

Museum of Contemporary Photography, Columbia College Chicago
* Rohrbach, John. "Seeing Life Differently" in ''Barbara Crane: Challenging Vision''. Chicago: City of Chicago, Department of Cultural Affairs, 2009. * Foerstner, Abigail. "The Path to the Perfect Photograph" in Barbara Crane: Challenging Vision. Chicago: City of Chicago, Cultural Affairs, 2009.
Higher Pictures. "Barbara Crane – Chicago Loop, 1976–1978." higherpictures.com

Higher Pictures. ''Repeats 1969–1978''. higherpictures.com

"Barbara Crane" ''Artsy''.

Bergeron, Chris. "Barbara Crane: Pioneer Photographer" "MetroWest Daily News". 20 February 2011.

"Barbara Crane." "Museum of Contemporary Photography".

Viera, Lauren. "Photographer Barbara Crane Flies Higher than Ever." "Chicago Tribune". 6 September 2009.

"Photography as a Journey: The Bold Artistry of Barbara Crane." "IIT Magazine". 29 April 2014.

"Private Views by Barbara Crane." "Digital Photography Review". 5 January 2012.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Crane, Barbara 1928 births 2019 deaths Writers from Chicago Photographers from Illinois American women photographers 21st-century American women