Baptist Distinctives
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Baptist beliefs are not completely consistent from one church to another, as
Baptists Baptists are a Christian denomination, denomination within Protestant Christianity distinguished by baptizing only professing Christian believers (believer's baptism) and doing so by complete Immersion baptism, immersion. Baptist churches ge ...
do not have a central governing authority. However, Baptists do hold some common beliefs among almost all Baptist churches. Since the early days of the
Baptist Baptists are a Christian denomination, denomination within Protestant Christianity distinguished by baptizing only professing Christian believers (believer's baptism) and doing so by complete Immersion baptism, immersion. Baptist churches ge ...
movement, various organizations have adopted common confessions of faith as the basis for cooperative interdependency among local churches. These would include beliefs about one God, the virgin birth, the
impeccability Impeccability is an inability to sin, while sinlessness refers to an absence of actual sin. Christian doctrine teaches impeccability to be an attribute of God (logically God cannot sin: it would mean that God would act against God's own will an ...
, miracles, vicarious atoning
death Death is the end of life; the irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain a living organism. Death eventually and inevitably occurs in all organisms. The remains of a former organism normally begin to decompose sh ...
, burial and bodily
resurrection of Christ The resurrection of Jesus () is Christian belief that God raised Jesus from the dead on the third day after his crucifixion, starting—or restoring—his exalted life as Christ and Lord. According to the New Testament writing, Jesus w ...
, the need for
salvation Salvation (from Latin: ''salvatio'', from ''salva'', 'safe, saved') is the state of being saved or protected from harm or a dire situation. In religion and theology, ''salvation'' generally refers to the deliverance of the soul from sin and its c ...
(although the understanding of means for achieving it may differ at times), divine grace, the
Church Church may refer to: Religion * Church (building), a place/building for Christian religious activities and praying * Church (congregation), a local congregation of a Christian denomination * Church service, a formalized period of Christian comm ...
, the
Kingdom of God The concept of the kingship of God appears in all Abrahamic religions, where in some cases the terms kingdom of God and kingdom of Heaven are also used. The notion of God's kingship goes back to the Hebrew Bible, which refers to "his kingdom" ...
, last things (
Jesus Christ Jesus (AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ, Jesus of Nazareth, and many Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament, other names and titles, was a 1st-century Jewish preacher and religious leader. He is the Jesus in Chris ...
will return personally and visibly in glory to the earth; the dead will be raised; and Christ will judge everyone in righteousness),
evangelism Evangelism, or witnessing, is the act of sharing the Christian gospel, the message and teachings of Jesus Christ. It is typically done with the intention of converting others to Christianity. Evangelism can take several forms, such as persona ...
and missions. In addition to the distinctive doctrines of Protestantism, many Baptists today believe in a Zwinglian interpretation of the
Eucharist The Eucharist ( ; from , ), also called Holy Communion, the Blessed Sacrament or the Lord's Supper, is a Christianity, Christian Rite (Christianity), rite, considered a sacrament in most churches and an Ordinance (Christianity), ordinance in ...
and the rejection of the theological validity and covenantal value of paedobaptism, even if the Baptist theology historically teaches the Reformed interpretation of the Eucharist. Baptist beliefs are seen as belonging to the two historical strands: General Baptists, who uphold an
Arminian Arminianism is a movement of Protestantism initiated in the early 17th century, based on the Christian theology, theological ideas of the Dutch Reformed Church, Dutch Reformed theologian Jacobus Arminius and his historic supporters known as Remo ...
soteriology, and Particular Baptists, who uphold
Calvinist Reformed Christianity, also called Calvinism, is a major branch of Protestantism that began during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. In the modern day, it is largely represented by the Continental Reformed Protestantism, Continenta ...
soteriology. Some even add a third, recent strand called Independent Baptists, who might embrace a strict version of either Arminianism or Calvinism, but are most notable for their
fundamentalist Fundamentalism is a tendency among certain groups and individuals that are characterized by the application of a strict literal interpretation to scriptures, dogmas, or ideologies, along with a strong belief in the importance of distinguishin ...
positions on
Biblical hermeneutics Biblical hermeneutics is the study of the principles of interpretation concerning the books of the Bible. It is part of the broader field of hermeneutics, which involves the study of principles of interpretation, both theory and methodology, fo ...
, family and the social order, and advocacy of " King James Onlyism."


Overview

The following
acrostic An acrostic is a poem or other word composition in which the ''first'' letter (or syllable, or word) of each new line (or paragraph, or other recurring feature in the text) spells out a word, message or the alphabet. The term comes from the Fre ...
acronym An acronym is a type of abbreviation consisting of a phrase whose only pronounced elements are the initial letters or initial sounds of words inside that phrase. Acronyms are often spelled with the initial Letter (alphabet), letter of each wor ...
, spelling BAPTIST, summarizes Baptists' distinguishing beliefs: * Biblical authority (; ; ) * Autonomy of the local church (; ) * Priesthood of all believers (; ) * Two ordinances (believer's baptism and the Lord's Supper) (; ) * Individual soul liberty () * Saved and baptized church membership (; ; ; ) * Two offices of the church (elder and deacon) () Sometimes another "S" is added, making BAPTISTS: * Separation of Church and State


Practices

Baptists practice ''
believer's baptism Believer's baptism (also called credobaptism, from the Latin word meaning "I believe") is the practice of baptizing those who are able to make a conscious profession of faith, as contrasted to the practice of Infant baptism, baptizing infants. C ...
'' and the
Eucharist The Eucharist ( ; from , ), also called Holy Communion, the Blessed Sacrament or the Lord's Supper, is a Christianity, Christian Rite (Christianity), rite, considered a sacrament in most churches and an Ordinance (Christianity), ordinance in ...
, or Communion, as the ordinances instituted in Scripture (Matthew 28:19; 1 Corinthians 11:23-26). Most Baptists call them "ordinances" (meaning "obedience to a command that Christ has given us") instead of "
sacrament A sacrament is a Christian rite which is recognized as being particularly important and significant. There are various views on the existence, number and meaning of such rites. Many Christians consider the sacraments to be a visible symbol ...
s" (activities God uses to impart salvation or a means of grace to the participant). However, historical Baptist theology used both terms with the sacramental meaning, even if many today don't follow it, meaning that they are means of
grace Grace may refer to: Places United States * Grace, Idaho, a city * Grace (CTA station), Chicago Transit Authority's Howard Line, Illinois * Little Goose Creek (Kentucky), location of Grace post office * Grace, Carroll County, Missouri, an uni ...
with efficacy for salvation. All Baptists believe that
original sin Original sin () in Christian theology refers to the condition of sinfulness that all humans share, which is inherited from Adam and Eve due to the Fall of man, Fall, involving the loss of original righteousness and the distortion of the Image ...
is not washed away in baptism. Few Baptists observe washing of feet as a third ordinance. The communion and foot washing service is practiced regularly by members of the Separate Baptists in Christ, General Association of Baptists, Free Will Baptists,
Primitive Baptists Primitive Baptists – also known as Regular Baptists, Old School Baptists, Foot Washing Baptists, or, derisively, Hard Shell Baptists – are conservative Baptists adhering to a degree of Calvinist beliefs who coalesced out of the contr ...
, Union Baptists, Old Regular Baptist, Christian Baptist Church of God.


Varying views

All Baptists hold their services and worship on
Sunday Sunday (Latin: ''dies solis'' meaning "day of the sun") is the day of the week between Saturday and Monday. Sunday is a Christian sabbath, day of rest in most Western countries and a part of the Workweek and weekend, weekend. In some Middle Ea ...
. However, there is a group known as the
Seventh Day Baptists Seventh Day Baptists are Baptists who observe the Sabbath as the seventh day of the week, Saturday, as a holy day to God. They adopt a theology common to Baptists, profess the Bible as the only rule of faith and practice, perform the conscious b ...
whose origins are derived from
Anabaptism Anabaptism (from Neo-Latin , from the Greek language, Greek : 're-' and 'baptism'; , earlier also )Since the middle of the 20th century, the German-speaking world no longer uses the term (translation: "Re-baptizers"), considering it biased. ...
and the pre-Reformation. Seventh Day Baptists gather and worship on the seventh day of the week on Saturday. A large portion of Seventh Day Baptists adopted the teachings of the Sabbath, which led to the formation of the
Seventh-day Adventist Church The Seventh-day Adventist Church (SDA) is an Adventist Protestant Christian denomination which is distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the seventh day of the week in the Christian (Gregorian) and the Hebrew calendar, as the Sa ...
. Baptists are descendants of the
Puritans The Puritans were English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to rid the Church of England of what they considered to be Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England had not been fully reformed and should b ...
who, according to some, were probably influenced by Continental Anabaptists, like other Dissenters. Thus the Baptist tradition is considered an outcome of the
Reformation The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation, was a time of major Theology, theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the p ...
. In the early 17th century, those individuals who called themselves Baptists dissented from
the Church of England The Church of England (C of E) is the established Christian church in England and the Crown Dependencies. It is the mother church of the Anglican tradition, with foundational doctrines being contained in the '' Thirty-nine Articles'' and ''Th ...
. Some notable Puritan dissenters included John Smyth and
Thomas Helwys Thomas Helwys (c. 1575 – 1616) was an English barrister (lawyer), Puritan leader, and theologian. His theological beliefs is one of the forming basis of the Baptist tradition. In the early 17th century, Helwys was the principal formulator of ...
who were acknowledged as key pioneers for the Baptist denomination. Furthermore, some Baptists (notably Landmarkists or "Baptist Bride" adherents) hold to a belief in
perpetuity In finance, a perpetuity is an annuity that has no end, or a stream of cash payments that continues forever. There are few actual perpetuities in existence. For example, the United Kingdom (UK) government issued them in the past; these were kno ...
, which embraces the notion that the Baptists existed since the time of Christ until today as the Church of Christ founded in Jerusalem was Baptist. Those who believe in this Baptist perpetuity, view the Baptist belief as not being a critical aspect of the Protestant Reformation.


Baptist theologians


See also

*
Baptists in the history of separation of church and state The separation of church and state is a philosophical concept that Baptists, since the early days in the Church of England, together with other Puritans, have originally defended in the secular civic sphere. History Historically, Baptists support ...
* List of Baptist confessions of faith


References

{{Reflist Christian belief and doctrine
Beliefs A belief is a subjective Attitude (psychology), attitude that something is truth, true or a State of affairs (philosophy), state of affairs is the case. A subjective attitude is a mental state of having some Life stance, stance, take, or opinion ...