Banyuls De La Marenda (Banyuls-sur-Mer)
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Banyuls-sur-Mer (; ) is a commune in the
Pyrénées-Orientales Pyrénées-Orientales (; ; ; ), also known as Northern Catalonia, is a departments of France, department of the Regions of France, region of Occitania (administrative region), Occitania, Southern France, adjacent to the northern Spain, Spanish ...
department in southern
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
.


Geography


Location

Banyuls-sur-Mer is located in the
canton of La Côte Vermeille The canton of La Côte Vermeille is a canton of France, in the Pyrénées-Orientales department. Its chief town is Argelès-sur-Mer (before 2015: Port-Vendres). Composition At the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March ...
and in the
arrondissement of Céret The arrondissement of Céret is an arrondissement of France in the Pyrénées-Orientales department ( Northern Catalonia) in the Occitanie region. It has 64 communes. Its population is 134,629 (2021), and its area is . Composition The commune ...
. It is part of the Northern Catalan comarca of Rosselló, within the ''subcomarca'' of . Banyuls-sur-Mer is neighbored by
Cerbère Cerbère (; ) is a commune and railway town in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.Port-Vendres Port-Vendres (; ; ) is a Communes of France, commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales Departments of France, department, southeastern France. A typical Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean fishing port, situated near the Spanish border on the Côte Vermei ...
,
Argelès-sur-Mer Argelès-sur-Mer (; ; ; ), commonly known as Argelès ( ), is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in the administrative region of Occitania, France. It is about 25 km from Perpignan. Geography Argelès-sur-Mer is located in ...
and
Collioure Collioure (; , ) is a commune in the southern French department of Pyrénées-Orientales. Geography The town of Collioure is on the Côte Vermeille (Vermilion Coast), in the canton of La Côte Vermeille and in the arrondissement of Céret. ...
on its French borders, and by
Espolla Espolla () is a municipality in the '' comarca'' of Alt Empordà, Girona, Catalonia Catalonia is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a ''nationalities and regions of Spain, nationality'' by its Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia ...
,
Rabós Rabós () is a municipalities of Spain, municipality in the ''Comarques of Catalonia, comarca'' of Alt Empordà, Girona (province), Girona, Catalonia, Spain. See also * Coll de Banyuls References External links Government data pages
...
, Colera and
Portbou Portbou () is a town in the Alt Empordà county, in the Province of Girona, Catalonia, Spain. It has a population of people (). Portbou is located near the French border in the Costa Brava region, and frequently serves as a dropping off point f ...
on its Spanish borders. The foothills of
Pyrenees The Pyrenees are a mountain range straddling the border of France and Spain. They extend nearly from their union with the Cantabrian Mountains to Cap de Creus on the Mediterranean coast, reaching a maximum elevation of at the peak of Aneto. ...
, the ''Monts Albères'', run into the
Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea ( ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the east by the Levant in West Asia, on the north by Anatolia in West Asia and Southern Eur ...
in Banyuls-sur-Mer, creating a steep cliff line.


Toponymy

Banyuls-sur-Mer was first mentioned in 981 as ''Balneum'' or ''Balneola''. In 1074, the town started being called ''Bannils de Maritimo'' in order to distinguish it from Banyuls-dels-Aspres, which lies away. In 1197, the town was mentioned as ''Banullis de Maredine'' and in 1674. In Catalan, it has been called ''Banyuls de la Marenda'' since the 19th century. The name Banyuls indicates the presence of a
pond A pond is a small, still, land-based body of water formed by pooling inside a depression (geology), depression, either naturally or artificiality, artificially. A pond is smaller than a lake and there are no official criteria distinguishing ...
. In fact, a pond did exist in Banyuls-sur-Mer until the creek ''Vallauria'' was drained in 1872. The term ''Marenda'' in Catalan or ''sur Mer'' in French merely indicates the proximity to the coast.


History

In the 20th century Banyuls-sur-Mer was the site of a camp housing Republican escapees from
Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
at the end of the
Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War () was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republican faction (Spanish Civil War), Republicans and the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the Left-wing p ...
.


Government and politics


Mayors


International relations

Banyuls-sur-Mer is twinned with
Settle Settle or SETTLE may refer to: __NOTOC__ Places * Settle, Kentucky, United States, an unincorporated community * Settle, North Yorkshire, a town in England ** Settle Rural District, a historical administrative district Music * Settle (band), an in ...
,
North Yorkshire North Yorkshire is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in Northern England.The Unitary authorities of England, unitary authority areas of City of York, York and North Yorkshire (district), North Yorkshire are in Yorkshire and t ...
,
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
and also with the town of
Kralupy nad Vltavou Kralupy nad Vltavou (; ) is a town in Mělník District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 19,000 inhabitants. It is known as a traffic hub and industrial agglomeration. Administrative division Kralupy nad Vltavou c ...
in the
Central Bohemian Region The Central Bohemian Region ( ; ) is an administrative unit () of the Czech Republic, located in the central part of its historical region of Bohemia. Its administrative centre is in the Czech capital Prague, which lies in the centre of the regio ...
of the
Czech Republic The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the south ...
.


Demography


Sports

* Banyuls-sur-Mer is at the eastern end of the GR 10 long-distance footpath. * Banyuls is a centre for scuba diving. The main dive site of the area is the marine reserve at Cap Rederis. Local dive schools offer excellent facilities. *
Sea kayak A sea kayak or touring kayak is a kayak used for the sport of Watercraft paddling, paddling on open waters of lakes, bays, and oceans. Sea kayaks are seaworthy small boats with a covered deck and the ability to incorporate a spray deck. They t ...
ing is also available here.


Economy

For nearly two centuries, the
smuggling Smuggling is the illegal transportation of objects, substances, information or people, such as out of a house or buildings, into a prison, or across an international border, in violation of applicable laws or other regulations. More broadly, soc ...
of goods to and from Spain was a major activity in Banyuls-sur-Mer. Depending on the needs of the time, salt, tobacco, silver, sugar, rice, textiles, and leather were smuggled through this city, almost always with impunity. Otherwise the inhabitants lived mainly from fishing and
viticulture Viticulture (, "vine-growing"), viniculture (, "wine-growing"), or winegrowing is the cultivation and harvesting of grapes. It is a branch of the science of horticulture. While the native territory of ''Vitis vinifera'', the common grape vine ...
. Nowadays, tourism stemming from the wine industry plays a significant economic role in the town, notably for delicious and rare red dessert wines. Under the Collioure appellation, the town is also a centre of quality dry reds, rosés and whites, with a number of producers of naturally sweet wines.


Sites of interest

* Musée Maillol Banyuls-sur-Mer, a private museum at the farm of the sculptor
Aristide Maillol Aristide Joseph Bonaventure Maillol (; December 8, 1861 – September 27, 1944) was a French sculptor, painter, and printmaking, printmaker.Le Normand-Romain, Antoinette . "Maillol, Aristide". ''Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online''. Oxford ...
where he is buried.


Sculptures by Aristide Maillol in Banyuls-sur-Mer

Banyuls Maillol Île-de-France sans bras.jpg, ''Île-de-France sans bras'' Banyuls Maillol Dina esquisse pour l‘harmonie.jpg, ''Dina esquisse pour l‘harmonie'' Banyuls Maillol L’Action enchaînée.jpg, ''L’Action enchaînée'' Banyuls Maillol Jeune Fille Allongée.jpg, ''Jeune fille allongée'' Banyuls L'Air Aristide Maillol.jpg, ''L'Air'' Banyuls Kriegerdenkmal Maillol.jpg, War memorial (bronze) Banyuls Kriegerdenkmal Maillol (Stein).jpg, War memorial (stone)


Notable people

*
Aristide Maillol Aristide Joseph Bonaventure Maillol (; December 8, 1861 – September 27, 1944) was a French sculptor, painter, and printmaking, printmaker.Le Normand-Romain, Antoinette . "Maillol, Aristide". ''Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online''. Oxford ...
(1861–1944), French
sculptor Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. Sculpture is the three-dimensional art work which is physically presented in the dimensions of height, width and depth. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable sc ...
and
painter Painting is a Visual arts, visual art, which is characterized by the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called "matrix" or "Support (art), support"). The medium is commonly applied to the base with ...
, born and died in Banyuls-sur-Mer. Maillol was very much part of the turn of the century art scene, friends with
Matisse Henri Émile Benoît Matisse (; 31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954) was a French visual arts, visual artist, known for both his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship. He was a drawing, draughtsman, printmaking, printmaker, ...
, Derain,
Picasso Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, Ceramic art, ceramicist, and Scenic ...
, Dalí. A sculpture of
Dina Vierny Dina Vierny (25 January 1919 – 20 January 2009) was a French Model (art), artists' model who became a singer, art dealer, Collection (museum), collector and Curator, museum director. She is known as the model and muse to French sculptor Aristi ...
, aged 17, his last muse and model, and a member of the French Resistance, stands beneath the huge
jacaranda ''Jacaranda'' is a genus of 49 species of flowering plants in the family Bignoniaceae, native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas while cultivated around the world. The generic name is also used as the common name. The species ' ...
tree behind the town hall. *
Emil Racoviță Emil Gheorghe Racoviță (; 15 November 1868 – 19 November 1947) was a Romanian biologist, zoologist, speleologist, and Antarctic explorer. Together with Grigore Antipa, he was one of the most noted promoters of natural sciences in Ro ...
(1868–1947), Romanian polar explorer, former co-director of the Arago laboratory. *
Jean de La Hire Jean de La Hire (pseudonym of the Comte Adolphe-Ferdinand Celestin d'Espie de La Hire) (28 January 1878 – 5 September 1956) was a prolific French author of numerous popular adventure, science fiction and romance novels. Adolphe d'Espie was b ...
(1878–1956), writer born in Banyuls-sur-Mer. * Marc Eyraud (1924–2005), actor, died in Banyuls-sur-Mer. *
Nils Seethaler Nils Seethaler (born August 18, 1981, in West Berlin) is a German cultural anthropologist. He researches historical collections of ethnological objects and human remains. Personal life Nils Seethaler was born in Berlin-Lichterfelde and spent hi ...
(*1981), German cultural anthropologist, spent parts of his childhood in Banyuls-sur-Mer.


See also

*
Communes of the Pyrénées-Orientales department The Pyrénées-Orientales departments of France, department is composed of 226 communes of France, communes. Most of the territory (except for the district of Fenolheda) formed a part of the Principality of Catalonia until 1659, and Catalan lan ...


References


External links


Official website
{{DEFAULTSORT:Banuylssurmer Communes of Pyrénées-Orientales Northern Catalonia Populated coastal places in France