A Bankart lesion is a type of shoulder injury that occurs following a

dislocated shoulder A dislocated shoulder is a condition in which the head of the humerus is detached from the glenoid fossa. Symptoms include shoulder pain and instability. Complications may include a Bankart lesion, Hill-Sachs lesion, rotator cuff tear, or Injur ...

. It is an injury of the anterior (inferior)

glenoid labrum The glenoid labrum (glenoid ligament) is a fibrocartilaginous (but not fibrocartilage, as previously thought) structure attached around the rim of the glenoid cavity on the shoulder blade. The shoulder joint is considered a ball-and-socket joint ...

of the shoulder. When this happens, a pocket at the front of the glenoid forms that allows the humeral head to dislocate into it. It is an indication for

surgery Surgery is a medical specialty that uses manual and instrumental techniques to diagnose or treat pathological conditions (e.g., trauma, disease, injury, malignancy), to alter bodily functions (e.g., malabsorption created by bariatric surgery s ...

and often accompanied by a Hill–Sachs lesion, damage to the posterior humeral head. A bony Bankart is a Bankart lesion that includes a

fracture Fracture is the appearance of a crack or complete separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress (mechanics), stress. The fracture of a solid usually occurs due to the development of certain displacemen ...

of the anterior-inferior

glenoid cavity The glenoid fossa of the scapula or the glenoid cavity is a bone part of the shoulder. The word ''glenoid'' is pronounced or (both are common) and is from , "socket", reflecting the shoulder joint's ball-and-socket form. It is a shallow, pyri ...

of the

scapula The scapula (: scapulae or scapulas), also known as the shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). Like their connected bones, the scapulae are paired, with each scapula on either side ...

. The Bankart lesion is named after English orthopedic surgeon Arthur Sydney Blundell Bankart (1879–1951).

Signs and symptoms

Bankart lesions are characterized by recurrent shoulder instability and widespread shoulder discomfort. Some individuals may experience catching, locking, or popping feelings in their shoulders. The majority of Bankart lesion patients have primary or recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis is usually initially made by a combination of physical exam and

medical imaging Medical imaging is the technique and process of imaging the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention, as well as visual representation of the function of some organs or tissues (physiology). Medical imaging seeks to revea ...

, where the latter may be

projectional radiography Projectional radiography, also known as conventional radiography, is a form of radiography and medical imaging that produces two-dimensional images by X-ray radiation. The image acquisition is generally performed by radiographers, and the images a ...

(in cases of bony Bankart) and/or

MRI Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to generate pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes inside the body. MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and rad ...

of the shoulder. The presence of intra-articular contrast allows for better evaluation of the

. Type V

SLAP tear A SLAP tear or SLAP lesion is an injury to the superior glenoid labrum (fibrocartilaginous rim attached around the margin of the glenoid cavity in the shoulder blade) that initiates in the back of the labrum and stretches toward the front into the ...

s extend into the Bankart defect.

Treatment

Arthroscopic Arthroscopy (also called arthroscopic or keyhole surgery) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure on a joint in which an examination and sometimes treatment of damage is performed using an arthroscope, an endoscope that is inserted into the j ...

repair of Bankart injuries have good success rates. However, a study has found that nearly one-third of young adult patients require further surgery for continued instability after the initial procedure, with higher re-operation rates in those less than 20 years of age. Options for repair include an arthroscopic technique or a more invasive open Latarjet procedure, with the open technique tending to have a lower incidence of recurrent dislocation, but also a reduced range of motion following surgery.

Gallery

File:Shoulder dislocation with Bankart and Hill-Sachs lesion, before and after reduction.jpg, X-ray at left shows anterior dislocation in a young man after trying to get up from his bed. X-ray at right shows same shoulder after reduction and internal rotation, revealing both a bony Bankart lesion and a Hill-Sachs lesion. File:CT. Bony Bankart lesion at the antero-inferior glenoid. Clearly dislocated at the cranial part. Humeral head is still centered..jpg, CT scan showing a bony Bankart lesion at the antero-inferior glenoid File:Post Dislocated shoulder MRI 01.png, MRI of the shoulder after an anterior dislocation showing a Hill-Sachs lesion and labral Bankart lesion File:Bankart lesion seen at arthroscopy.png, Bankart lesion seen at

arthroscopy Arthroscopy (also called arthroscopic or keyhole surgery) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure on a joint in which an examination and sometimes treatment of damage is performed using an arthroscope, an endoscope that is inserted into the j ...

File:CR. Bony Bankart lesion with stationary fragment at the inferior glenoid..jpg, Radiograph showing a bony Bankart lesion with stationary fragment at the inferior glenoid File:3-D CT reconstruction of Bankart lesion which occurred post anterior shoulder dislocation.jpg, 3-D CT reconstruction of a bankart lesion which occurred post anterior shoulder dislocation. This subject's humerus remains mildly superiorly subluxated. Fracture marked by a black arrow.

References

External links