may refer to either a governmental position during the period, or the leader of a group of delinquents.

Governmental position

Under the system between the 8th and 10th centuries, a was a lower position in the Imperial Guard. In the there are several references to people holding this position.

Juvenile delinquency

In Japan in the 20th century, the term refers to a leader of

juvenile delinquent Juvenile delinquency, also known as juvenile offending, is the act of participating in unlawful behavior as a minor or individual younger than the statutory age of majority. In the United States of America, a juvenile delinquent is a person ...

s in middle and high schools. It is thought that this current meaning originates from the original meaning of the term—the personalities of guard commanders. An alternative is that the word derives from , a term for a position in the former Japanese army. Female are called . The typical image of a is an uncouth fighter who has a strong sense of

gang A gang is a social group, group or secret society, society of associates, friends or members of a family with a defined leadership and internal organization that identifies with or claims control over Territory (animal), territory in a communi ...

honor. who rule several schools and have control of other are called , and in elementary schools and under, the term for is . In reality, though, were becoming increasingly rare in the 1970s, and by the 1980s the term was relatively old-fashioned. Vestiges of the word still remained, though, such as in the nicknames for baseball players

Kazuhiro Kiyohara is a Japanese television personality, YouTuber and former professional baseball player. He played in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball league for 23 seasons. He retired following the 2008 season. Born in Kishiwada, Osaka in 1967, his family w ...

and Daisuke Miura. By the end of the 20th century, the term almost did not exist at all, though groups of delinquents who committed crimes began to stand out. The term became a title of honor for people with leadership personalities, and who stood against tough elements, and in turn, the negative connotation of the word diminished. It also became a scornful term for people who had a great deal of bravado. On the other hand, in the manga world, due to a backlash, a genre called " manga" has been created, with there being various types of .

Characteristics

In some schools, students would hold secret elections to pick . Occasionally there would be fights between and their subordinates, the loser of which would become subordinate to the winner.

References

Japanese subcultures Juvenile delinquency Japanese words and phrases {{Japan-culture-stub

Governmental position

Juvenile delinquency

Characteristics

See also

References