The Bambuseae are the most diverse
tribe
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confl ...
of
bamboo
Bamboos are a diverse group of evergreen perennial flowering plants making up the subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae. Giant bamboos are the largest members of the grass family. The origin of the word "bamboo" is uncertain, ...
s in the grass
family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
(
Poaceae). They consist of woody species from tropical regions, including some
giant bamboo Giant bamboo is a common name for several large species of bamboo and may refer to:
* Large species in the genus ''Bambusa'' include:
** "Giant timber bamboo" ('' Bambusa oldhamii''), a large (to 20 m) bamboo species originating from Taiwan
** '' Ba ...
s. Their
sister group
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree.
Definition
The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram:
Taxon A and ...
are the small herbaceous bamboos from the tropics in tribe
Olyreae, while the temperate woody bamboos (
Arundinarieae
Arundinarieae is a tribe of bamboo in the grass family ( Poaceae) containing a single subtribe, Arundinariinae, and 31 genera. These woody bamboos occur in areas with warm temperate climates in southeastern North America, Subsaharan Africa, Sou ...
) are more distantly related. The Bambuseae fall into two
clades, corresponding to species from the
Neotropics
The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone.
Definition
In bi ...
(
subtribe
Subtribe is a taxonomic category ranking which is below the rank of tribe and above genus. The standard suffix for a subtribe is -ina (in animals) or -inae (in plants). The early use of this word is from 19th century. An example of subtribe i ...
s
Arthrostylidiinae,
Chusqueinae, and
Guaduinae) and from the
Paleotropics The Paleotropical Kingdom (Paleotropis) is a floristic kingdom comprising tropical areas of Africa, Asia and Oceania (excluding Australia and New Zealand), as proposed by Ronald Good and Armen Takhtajan. Part of its flora, inherited from the anc ...
(subtribes
Bambusinae,
Hickeliinae,
Melocanninae, and
Racemobambosinae).
Subtribes and genera
The 73
genera
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial ...
are placed in eleven subtribes:
* subtribe
Arthrostylidiinae:
*:''
Actinocladum'', ''
Alvimia'', ''
Arthrostylidium'', ''
Athroostachys'', ''
Atractantha'', ''
Aulonemia
''Aulonemia'' is a genus of Latin American bamboo in the grass family
Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamb ...
'', ''
Cambajuva'', ''
Colanthelia'', ''
Didymogonyx'', ''
Elytrostachys'', ''
Filgueirasia
''Filgueirasia'' is a genus of Brazilian bamboo in the grass family.
Members of the genus were originally published as species of ''Apoclada'' and were classified in that genus for many years.McClure, F. 1973. Genera of Bamboos Native to the ...
'', ''
Glaziophyton'', ''
Merostachys'', ''
Myriocladus'', ''
Rhipidocladum''
* subtribe
Bambusinae:
*:''
Bambusa
''Bambusa'' is a large genus of clumping bamboos. Most species of ''Bambusa'' are rather large, with numerous branches emerging from the nodes, and one or two much larger than the rest. The branches can be as long as 11 m (35 ft).
The ...
'', ''
Bonia'', ''
Cochinchinochloa'', ''
Dendrocalamus'', ''
Fimbribambusa
''Bambusa'' is a large genus of clumping bamboos. Most species of ''Bambusa'' are rather large, with numerous branches emerging from the nodes, and one or two much larger than the rest. The branches can be as long as 11 m (35 ft).
The ...
'', ''
Gigantochloa'', ''
Maclurochloa'', ''
Melocalamus
''Melocalamus'' is a genus of Asian bamboos in the grass family. It is found in lowland areas of Southern China, Indochina, and the eastern part of the Indian Subcontinent.
;Species
;Formerly included
see '' Dinochloa''
*''Melocalamus ...
'', ''
Neomicrocalamus'', ''
Oreobambos'', ''
Oxytenanthera'', ''
Phuphanochloa'', ''
Pseudobambusa'', ''
Pseudoxytenanthera
''Pseudoxytenanthera'' is a genus of Asian bamboo in the grass family native to India, Sri Lanka, and Indochina.
;Species
# '' Pseudoxytenanthera bourdillonii'' (Gamble) H.B.Naithani – India
# '' Pseudoxytenanthera monadelpha'' (Thwaites ...
'', ''
Soejatmia'', ''
Thyrsostachys'', ''
Vietnamosasa'', ''
Yersinochloa''
* subtribe
Chusqueinae:
*:''
Chusquea
''Chusquea'' is a genus of evergreen bamboos in the grass family. Most of them are native to mountain habitats in Latin America, from Mexico to southern Chile and Argentina.
They are sometimes referred to as South American mountain bamboos. Unl ...
''
* subtribe
Dinochloinae:
*:''
Cyrtochloa
''Cyrtochloa'' is a genus of Philippine bamboo
Bamboos are a diverse group of evergreen perennial flowering plants making up the subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae. Giant bamboos are the largest members of the grass fami ...
'', ''
Dinochloa'', ''
Mullerochloa'', ''
Neololeba'', ''
Pinga
In Inuit religion, Pinga ("the one who is p onhigh") is a goddess of the hunt and medicine. She is heavily associated with the sky.
Caribou Inuit tradition
In Caribou Inuit communities, Pinga had some authority over caribou herds. She became a ...
'', ''
Parabambusa'', ''
Sphaerobambos''
* subtribe
Greslaniinae:
*:''
Greslania''
* subtribe
Guaduinae:
*:''
Apoclada
''Apoclada'' is a genus of Brazilian bamboo in the grass family).
The only known species is ''Apoclada simplex'', found in the forests of southeastern Brazil (States of Santa Catarina, Paraná, and São Paulo).Renvoize, S. A. 1988. Hatsch ...
'', ''
Eremocaulon'', ''
Guadua
''Guadua'' is a Neotropical genus of thorny, clumping bamboo in the grass family, ranging from moderate to very large species.
Physically, '' Guadua angustifolia'' is noted for being the largest Neotropical bamboo. The genus is similar to ' ...
'', ''
Olmeca'', ''
Otatea''
* subtribe
Hickeliinae:
*:''
Cathariostachys
''Cathariostachys'' is a genus of Madagascan bamboo in the grass family
Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bam ...
'', ''
Decaryochloa'', ''
Hickelia
''Hickelia'' is a genus of African bamboo in the grass family.
;Species
# ''Hickelia africana'' S.Dransf. - Tanzania
# ''Hickelia alaotrensis'' A.Camus - Madagascar
# ''Hickelia madagascariensis'' A.Camus - Madagascar
# ''Hickelia perrieri'' (A ...
'', ''
Hitchcockella'', ''
Nastus'', ''
Perrierbambus'', ''
Sirochloa'', ''
Sokinochloa'', ''
Valiha
The valiha is a tube zither from Madagascar made from a species of local bamboo; it is considered the " national instrument" of Madagascar. The term is also used to describe a number of related zithers of differing shapes and materials.
Th ...
''
* subtribe
Holttumochloinae:
*:''
Holttumochloa'', ''
Kinabaluchloa'', ''
Nianhochloa''
* subtribe
Melocanninae:
*:''
Annamocalamus'', ''
Cephalostachyum
''Cephalostachyum'' is a genus of Asian and Madagascar, Madagascan bamboo in the Poaceae, grass family.
The plants are of small to medium size compared to most other bamboo. Their choice Habitat (ecology), habitats are mountain to lowland forest ...
'', ''
Davidsea
''Davidsea attenuata'' is a Sri Lankan species of bamboo in the grass family.Melocanna'', ''