The bamboo foliage-gleaner (''Anabazenops dorsalis''), also known as the crested foliage-gleaner or dusky-cheeked foliage-gleaner, is a species of

bird Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class (biology), class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the Oviparity, laying of Eggshell, hard-shelled eggs, a high Metabolism, metabolic rate, a fou ...

in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Furnariidae. It is found in

Bolivia Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in central South America. The country features diverse geography, including vast Amazonian plains, tropical lowlands, mountains, the Gran Chaco Province, w ...

Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...

Colombia Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with Insular region of Colombia, insular regions in North America. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuel ...

Ecuador Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. It also includes the Galápagos Province which contain ...

, and

Peru Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pac ...

.Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 31 May 2023. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm retrieved May 31, 2023

Taxonomy and systematics

The bamboo foliage-gleaner has been placed by different authors in genera ''

Automolus ''Automolus'' is a genus of bird in the ovenbird family Furnariidae. Taxonomy The genus ''Automolus'' was introduced in 1853 by the German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach to accommodate the taxon ''Sphenura sulphurascens'' Hinrich Lichtenstein, L ...

'' and ''

Philydor ''Philydor'' is a genus of foliage-gleaners, birds in the ovenbird family Furnariidae. Taxonomy The genus ''Philydor'' was introduced in 1824 by the German naturalist Johann Baptist von Spix. The type species was subsequently designated as ''A ...

'' but genetic data support its placement in ''Anabazenops''.Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 31 May 2023. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved May 31, 2023Derryberry, E. P., S. Claramunt, G. Derryberry, R. T. Chesser, J. Cracraft, A. Aleixo, J. Pérez-Emán, J. V. Remsen, Jr., and R. T. Brumfield. (2011). Lineage diversification and morphological evolution in a large-scale continental radiation: the Neotropical ovenbirds and woodcreepers (Aves: Furnariidae). Evolution 65(10):2973–2986. It shares the genus with the

white-collared foliage-gleaner The white-collared foliage-gleaner (''Anabazenops fuscus'') is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to eastern Brazil. Taxonomy and systematics The white-collared foliage-gleaner sh ...

(''A. fuscus'') and is

monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unisp ...

Description

The bamboo foliage-gleaner is about long. It has a thick medium-length bill. The sexes' plumages are alike. Adults have a narrow grayish buff

supercilium The supercilium is a plumage feature found on the heads of some bird species. It is a stripe which runs from the base of the bird's beak above its eye, finishing somewhere towards the rear of the bird's head.Dunn and Alderfer (2006), p. 10 Also k ...

, grayish lores, and a creamy white malar area on an otherwise grayish brown face. Their crown, nape, back, and rump are dull reddish brown, with no markings except faint scalloping on the crown. Their uppertail

coverts A covert feather or tectrix on a bird is one of a set of feathers, called coverts (or ''tectrices''), which cover other feathers. The coverts help to smooth airflow over the wings and tail. Ear coverts The ear coverts are small feathers behind t ...

are dull chestnut and their tail dark chestnut. Their wings are dull brown with some dull tawny at the bend. Their throat is creamy white, their breast and belly gray, their flanks olive-brownish, and their undertail coverts grayish with dull

rufescent Rufous () is a color that may be described as reddish-brown or brownish-red, as of rust or oxidised iron. The first recorded use of ''rufous'' as a color name in English was in 1782. However, the color is also recorded earlier in 1527 as a dia ...

mixed in. Their iris is brown to dark brown, their

maxilla In vertebrates, the maxilla (: maxillae ) is the upper fixed (not fixed in Neopterygii) bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones. In humans, the upper jaw includes the hard palate in the front of the mouth. The two maxil ...

dusky horn to gray, their

mandible In jawed vertebrates, the mandible (from the Latin ''mandibula'', 'for chewing'), lower jaw, or jawbone is a bone that makes up the lowerand typically more mobilecomponent of the mouth (the upper jaw being known as the maxilla). The jawbone i ...

ivory to olive-gray, and their legs and feet olive to yellowish olive. Juveniles are similar to adults with more rufous upperparts and a tawny-buff tinge to the supercilium and underparts.Remsen, Jr., J. V. (2020). Dusky-cheeked Foliage-gleaner (''Anabazenops dorsalis''), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.ducfog1.01 retrieved August 26, 2023

Distribution and habitat

The bamboo foliage-gleaner is found from

Caquetá Department Caquetá Department () is a department of Colombia. Located in the Amazonas region, Caquetá borders with the departments of Cauca and Huila to the west, the department of Meta to the north, the department of Guaviare to the northeast, th ...

in southern Colombia south in the extreme western

Amazon Basin The Amazon basin is the part of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributary, tributaries. The Amazon drainage basin covers an area of about , or about 35.5 percent of the South American continent. It is located in the countries ...

through Ecuador, Peru, and a bit of western Brazil into Bolivia as far as La Paz Department. It also occurs disjunctly in central Brazil's

Rondônia Rondônia () is one of the 26 states of Brazil, located in the northern subdivision of the country (central-western part). It is bordered by Acre (state), Acre in the west, Amazonas, Brazil, Amazonas in the north, Mato Grosso in the east, and Bo ...

and

Mato Grosso Mato Grosso ( – ) is one of the states of Brazil, the List of Brazilian states by area, third largest by area, located in the Central-West Region, Brazil, Central-West region. The state has 1.66% of the Brazilian population and is responsible ...

states. It is a bird of the lowlands and Andean foothills, where it inhabits the interior and edges of humid

primary forest An old-growth forest or primary forest is a forest that has developed over a long period of time without Disturbance (ecology), disturbance. Due to this, old-growth forests exhibit unique ecological features. The Food and Agriculture Organizati ...

and also

secondary forest A secondary forest (or second-growth forest) is a forest or woodland area which has regenerated through largely natural processes after human-caused Disturbance (ecology), disturbances, such as Logging, timber harvest or agriculture clearing, or ...

. It is almost always found near rivers and streams. In most areas it favors stands of ''

Guadua ''Guadua'' is a Neotropical genus of thorny, clumping bamboo in the grass family, ranging from moderate to very large species. Physically, '' Guadua angustifolia'' is noted for being the largest Neotropical bamboo. The genus is similar to ''Bam ...

'' bamboo and in Ecuador also thickets of ''

Gynerium ''Gynerium'' is a monotypic genus of Neotropical plants in the grass family, native to Mexico and Colombia, Central America, South America, and the West Indies. It is classified in its own tribe Gynerieae. The sole species in the genus is ''Gy ...

'' cane. In elevation it mostly occurs between but reaches in Colombia and locally in Ecuador.

Behavior

Movement

The bamboo foliage-gleaner is a year-round resident throughout its range.

Feeding

The bamboo foliage-gleaner feeds on

arthropod Arthropods ( ) are invertebrates in the phylum Arthropoda. They possess an arthropod exoskeleton, exoskeleton with a cuticle made of chitin, often Mineralization (biology), mineralised with calcium carbonate, a body with differentiated (Metam ...

s. It usually forages singly or in pairs but will occasionally join

mixed-species feeding flock A mixed-species feeding flock, also termed a mixed-species foraging flock, mixed hunting party or informally bird wave, is a flock of usually insectivorous birds of different species that join each other and move together while foraging. These ar ...

s. It forages almost entirely in the understory of bamboo or cane, typically between above the ground, where it hitches up and along vertical and horizontal stems. It typically gleans its prey from branches, dead leaves, and suspended debris; even when not in bamboo it forages among dead leaves.

Breeding

The bamboo foliage-gleaner's breeding season has not been defined, but in Peru includes August. It is assumed to be monogamous. One nest was described as a deep cup of thin dry plant fibers in a natural cavity in a dead bamboo stem. Nothing else is known about the species' breeding biology.

Vocalization

The bamboo foliage-gleaner's song is "a measured 'tcho-tcho-tcho-tcho-tcho...' " with a variable number of notes. Pairs sometimes sing an antiphon

duet. The species' contact call is "a harsh 'klek' or 'cheff' ".

Status

The

IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. Founded in 1948, IUCN has become the global authority on the status ...

has assessed the bamboo foliage-gleaner as being of Least Concern. It has a very large range; its population size is not known but is believed to be stable. No immediate threats have been identified. It is considered rare to uncommon. It occurs in a few protected sites but its " striction to bamboo naturally limits its global population size".

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q623423 bamboo foliage-gleaner Birds of the Ecuadorian Amazon Birds of Peruvian Amazonia bamboo foliage-gleaner Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Taxa named by Philip Sclater Taxa named by Osbert Salvin