''Balayogini'' ( ''Girl Saint'') is a 1937 Indian film made in Tamil and

Telugu Telugu may refer to: * Telugu language, a major Dravidian language of India *Telugu people, an ethno-linguistic group of India * Telugu script, used to write the Telugu language ** Telugu (Unicode block), a block of Telugu characters in Unicode S ...

languages. It was directed by

K. Subramanyam K. Subramaniyam (20 April 1904 – 7 April 1971), born Krishnasamy Subramaniyam, was an Indian film director of the 1930s and 1940s. Dancer Padma Subrahmanyam is his daughter. Biography Subramanyam was involved in the establishment of the T ...

. It is one of the earliest Tamil films to be set in a contemporary social setting and to advocate reformist social policies. This film is considered to be first children's talkie film of South India.Blast From the Past – Balayogini 1937, The Hindu 10 April 2009
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Production

Subramanyam, was influenced by the reformist ideals of his father C.V. Krishnaswamy Iyer. He was moved by the social conditions around him to make reform oriented films. ''Balayogini'' (lit. Child Saint) was made to expose the plight and suffering of widows in middle class Brahmin communities in Tamil Nadu. Subramanyam produced this film under his "Madras United Artists Corporation" banner to express his criticism of the existing social norms and his disapproval of priesthood. He wrote the story, screenplay & dialogues and directed it himself. He cast his niece Saroja as the titular character. The film was started in 1936 and released in 1937. The completed film was 19,000 feet (210 minutes runtime) in length.

Plot

Sarasa's ( K. R. Chellam) father is arrested by Police for being a debtor. She goes to the sub collector's (K. B. Vatsal) house to ask for help. The collector's widowed sister Janaki and her niece ( Baby Saroja) take pity on her. They are driven out of the house by the angry collector. They take refuge in the house of their low-caste servant Munuswamy. Munuswamy dies and Janaki cares for his children as her own. This causes outrage in the conservative society and Munuswamy's house is burned down by a mob. The child Saroja changes everyone's mind with her arguments.

Tamil cast

;Male * C. V. V. Panthulu as Munisamy * Bharathan as Gopala Iyer * K. B. Vatsal as Balachandra * Salem Sundaram as Mahlinga Sastri * Mani Bhagavathar * Brahamdal ;Female * K. R. Chellam as Sarasa * Baby Saroja as Saroja * Bala Saraswathi as Kamala *

Baby Rukmini An infant or baby is the very young offspring of human beings. ''Infant'' (from the Latin word ''infans'', meaning 'unable to speak' or 'speechless') is a formal or specialised synonym for the common term ''baby''. The terms may also be used ...

* K. N. Rajalakshmi * Seethalaksmi as Janaki

Telugu cast

* Baby Saroja * Baby S. Varalakshmi * Arani Satyanarayana * Vangara * Kamala Kumari * Thilakam

Soundtrack

The music was by Moti Babu and the lyrics were Papanasam Sivan. ‘Kanney papa, kanimuthu paapa’, rendered by Baby Saroja as a lullaby to her doll, became popular. * Kannae Paappa * Kshamiyimpumaa O Maama Kshamiyimpumaa * Radhey thozhi

Reception

The film was released on 5 February 1937 to critical and public acclaim. "Baby" Saroja was hailed as "

Shirley Temple Shirley Temple Black (born Shirley Jane Temple;While Temple occasionally used "Jane" as a middle name, her birth certificate reads "Shirley Temple". Her birth certificate was altered to prolong her babyhood shortly after she signed with Fox in ...

of India". Many girls were named "Saroja" after her. The film's success inspired a number of socially themed films in South India. Reviewing the film in the magazine ''Jaganmohini'' in February 1937, reviewer ''Vatsakumari'' wrote: A similar review was written in ''Manikodi'' magazine in its February 1937 issue: Film historian Theodore Baskaran has called it the most significant Tamil film of its period.

References

External links

* * {{IMDb title, 0270222, Balayogini, Tamil version 1937 films 1930s Tamil-language films Indian black-and-white films Films about children Films directed by K. Subramanyam 1930s Telugu-language films Films scored by Moti Babu Films scored by Maruti Seetharammayya