Baku–Novorossiysk Pipeline
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The Baku–Novorossiysk pipeline (also known as the Northern Route Export Pipeline and Northern Early Oil Pipeline) is an long oil pipeline, which runs from the Sangachal Terminal near
Baku Baku (, ; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Azerbaijan, largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and in the Caucasus region. Baku is below sea level, which makes it the List of capital ci ...
to the
Novorossiysk Novorossiysk (, ; ) is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. It is one of the largest ports on the Black Sea. It is one of the few cities designated by the Soviet Union as a Hero City. The population was History In antiquity, the shores of the ...
terminal at the
Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal sea, marginal Mediterranean sea (oceanography), mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bound ...
coast in
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
. The Azerbaijani section of the pipeline is operated by the State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic (SOCAR) and the Russian section is operated by
Transneft Joint Stock Company Transneft () is a state-controlled pipeline transport company headquartered in Moscow, Russia. It is the largest oil pipeline company in the world. The company is operating over of trunk pipelines and transports about 80% ...
.


History

A contract on the transportation of Azeri oil via Russia to the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk was signed on 18 February 1996. The trilateral contract was concluded between the
Azerbaijan International Operating Company Azerbaijan International Operating Company is a consortium formed to implement the terms of the “Agreement on the Joint Development and Production Sharing for the Azeri–Chirag–Gunashli, Azeri and Azeri–Chirag–Gunashli, Chirag Fields and th ...
, SOCAR and Transneft. The oil transportation through the pipeline started on 25 October 1997. On 6 December 2006, after a dispute over natural gas supplies from Russia, Azerbaijan announced that it will stop the exports of Azeri oil through the Baku–Novorossiysk pipeline starting on 1 January 2007. Although SOCAR continued decreased oil supplies through the Baku-Novorossiysk Pipeline, the Azerbaijan International Operating Company stopped using the pipeline starting from 1 April 2007 and SOCAR became the new operator of the Azerbaijani section. SOCAR temporarily stopped oil supplies through the pipeline in February 2008 due to a pricing disagreement with Transneft. Later that year, the disagreement was resolved and SOCAR resumed pumping oil in line with the terms of the old agreement. In August 2008, the transport of oil along the Baku–Novorossiysk pipeline was radically increased due to sabotage in Turkey and the conflict in Georgia forcing a temporary shutdown of the rival Baku-Ceyhan and Baku-Supsa pipelines. As of 2013, the Baku–Novorossiysk pipeline remains operational, although the volume of oil pumped through it is relatively low. In 2012, SOCAR exported a total of 25 million tons of oil along all routes. Among them, only 2 million tons were exported through the Baku–Novorossiysk pipeline. The remaining 20 million and 3 million tons were exported through the Baku-Ceyhan and Baku-Supsa routes respectively. The crude oil transported through Baku–Novorossiysk pipeline is developed within the framework of Early Oil Project, first stage of larger Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli (ACG) project. From March to July 2019, the pipeline closed down for maintenance. In October 2020, according to Azerbaijani sources, the pipeline was the target of armed attacks by Armenian forces. In January 2021, a deal was signed between SOCAR and Transneft to transport over 1 million tons of oil through the pipeline, but from January to February 15th, 2021, no oil passed through the pipeline (derouted via Turkey instead).


Route

The Baku–Novorossiysk Pipeline extends to , of which are laid in Azerbaijan. In Russia the pipeline runs through
Dagestan Dagestan ( ; ; ), officially the Republic of Dagestan, is a republic of Russia situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe, along the Caspian Sea. It is located north of the Greater Caucasus, and is a part of the North Caucasian Fede ...
. Original route run also through
Chechnya Chechnya, officially the Chechen Republic, is a Republics of Russia, republic of Russia. It is situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe, between the Caspian Sea and Black Sea. The republic forms a part of the North Caucasian Federa ...
as it exploited the existing
Grozny Grozny (, ; ) is the capital city of Chechnya, Russia. The city lies on the Sunzha River. According to the 2021 Russian census, 2021 census, it had a population of 328,533 — up from 210,720 recorded in the 2002 Russian Census, 2002 ce ...
–Baku and Grozny–Novorossiysk pipelines. However, during the
Second Chechen War Names The Second Chechen War is also known as the Second Chechen Campaign () or the Second Russian Invasion of Chechnya from the Chechens, Chechen insurgents' point of view.Федеральный закон № 5-ФЗ от 12 января 19 ...
the Chechen section of the pipeline was closed and Transneft built a Chechenya- bypass loop.


Technical features

The diameter of the pipeline is and the capacity of annual transfer is equal to 5 million tons or 105,000 barrels per day. The pipeline has three pump stations in Sangachal,
Sumgait Sumqayit (or Sumgait; ; , ) is a city in Azerbaijan, located near the Caspian Sea, on the Absheron Peninsula, about away from the capital Baku. The city had a population of 427,000 at the beginning of 2024, making it the List of cities in Azerb ...
and Siyazan.


Volumes exported

* 2008: 1.3 million tons * 2009: 2.55 million tons * 2017: 1.49 million tons (+15% yoy) * 2018: 1.2 million tons * 2020: 613,000 tons * 2021: 1.7 million (+64,5% yoy)


See also

* Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli *
Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline The Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline is a long crude oil pipeline from the Azeri–Chirag–Gunashli oil field in the Caspian Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. It connects Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan and Ceyhan, a port on the south-easte ...
* Baku–Supsa Pipeline


References


External links


Western Route Export Pipeline (BP website)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Baku-Novorossiysk Pipeline Energy infrastructure completed in 2006 Oil pipelines in Russia Oil pipelines in Azerbaijan Caspian Sea Azerbaijan–Russia relations Black Sea energy