Baksa district ( or ) is an administrative district in the

Bodoland Territorial Region The Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR) is an Autonomous administrative divisions of India, autonomous division in Assam, India, and a Proposed states and union territories of India#Assam, proposed state in Northeast India. It is made up of five ...

Assam Assam (, , ) is a state in Northeast India, northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra Valley, Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys. Assam covers an area of . It is the second largest state in Northeast India, nor ...

, one of the North-Eastern states of

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

. The administrative headquarters is at

Mushalpur Mushalpur is a small town the headquarters of Baksa district in Assam Assam (, , ) is a state in Northeast India, northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra Valley, Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys. Assam ...

Manas National Park Manas National Park is a national park, Project Tiger reserve, and an elephant reserve in Assam, India. Located in the Himalayan foothills, it borders the Royal Manas National Park in Bhutan. The park is known for its rare and endangered ende ...

is a part of this district.

Etymology

The origin of the name "Baksa" is a topic of debate and speculation. One popular theory suggests that it is a misspelling of the Dzonkha word "Bangsa," which means a farmhouse and corridor. This is because the Bhutanese king and his subjects used this area for trade and passage to the plains. Historically, this region was known as Banska Dooar by the Bhutias. According to a Bodo source, the name "Baksa" originated from a type of rice grain known as "Bagsa." This rice grain is a kind of broken and uncleaned product that is obtained after milling rice.

History

Duars

Baksa district falls under Kamrup Duars which includes the region between the

Manas river The Manas River (pron: �mʌnəs, known in Bhutan as the Drangme Chhu, is a transboundary river in the Himalayan foothills between southern Bhutan, India, and China. It is the largest of Bhutan's four major river systems, with the other three ...

and the Barnadi river. The two Dooars under Baksa district are Banska Dooar and Kamrup Bijni Dooar.

Under the Kingdom of Bhutan

During the mid-17th century, the Bhutan kingdom took advantage of the political instability caused by the Ahom-Mughal conflict and seized control of these Dooars, south of their hills up to the

Gohain Kamal Ali Gohain Kamal Ali was an embanked road that connected the capital of the Koch dynasty, Cooch Behar in North Bengal to heart of Agomani in Dhubri and Narayanpur in Lakhimpur district in Assam, and ran along the foot of the Bhutan hills and the ...

. In the mid-19th century, the British East India Company eliminated Bhutanese influence from these Dooars and annexed Banska Dooar and Kamrup Bijni Dooar, in addition to other Kamrup and Darrang Duars.

Present

Baksa was notified as one of the districts of

Bodoland Territorial Council The Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC) is an autonomous council for the Bodoland Territorial Region established under 6th Schedule of The Constitution of India according to the Memorandum of Settlement between Bodoland Liberation Tiger Force ...

in October 2003 while it started functioning from 1 June 2004 when naturalist-bureaucrat Dr Anwaruddin Choudhury of the Assam Civil Service took charge as its founding

Deputy Commissioner A deputy commissioner is a police, income tax or administrative official in many countries. The rank is commonplace in police forces of Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth countries, usually ranking below the Commissioner. Australia In all Aust ...

. It started working from PWD Inspection Bungalow of Barama beside the NH 31 until it was shifted to

in late 2010. It was created from parts of

Barpeta Barpeta is a town in Barpeta district of the state of Assam in India and is district headquarters. The city is located north west of Guwahati and is one of the major cities in Western Assam. It is also called Satra ''Nagari'' (Temple town) of ...

Nalbari Nalbari is a small town in Nalbari district in the Indian States and territories of India, state of Assam. Nalbari is also the headquarters of Nalbari district, Nalbari District. Etymology The word ''Nalbari'' is derived from and . is a ...

and

Kamrup district Kamrup Rural district, or simply Kamrup district (Pron: ˈkæmˌrəp or ˈkæmˌru:p), is an administrative districts of Assam, district in the state of Assam in India formed by dividing the Undivided Kamrup district, old Kamrup district into t ...

s. On 23 January 2022,

Tamulpur district Tamulpur district, is an administrative district in Bodoland Territorial Region of Assam, one of the North-Eastern states of India. The administrative headquartered at Tamulpur. In 2021, the Cabinet of Assam, headed by Chief Minister Himanta ...

was created by separating Tamulpur sub-division of Baksa district.

Geography

This district is bounded by

Bhutan Bhutan, officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a landlocked country in South Asia, in the Eastern Himalayas between China to the north and northwest and India to the south and southeast. With a population of over 727,145 and a territory of , ...

in the north,

Udalguri district Udalguri district (Pron:ˌʊdʌlˈgʊəri), also known as Odalguri, is a district in the Bodoland Territorial Region of the state of Assam in Northeastern India. Udalguri town is the headquarters of the district. Etymology The name Udalguri den ...

in the east,

and Kamrup districts in the south and

Chirang district Chirang District is an administrative Districts of Assam, district in the Bodoland Territorial Region of Assam state in the North-East India, North-East of India. Etymology The word "Chirang" has derived from Garo language, Garo word – "chi" ...

in the west. Area of the district is .

National
protected area Protected areas or conservation areas are locations which receive protection because of their recognized natural or cultural values. Protected areas are those areas in which human presence or the exploitation of natural resources (e.g. firewood ...

(Part)

Administration

town is the headquarters of the district.

Divisions

The district has three sub-divisions:

Salbari Salbari is one of the sub divisions of Baksa district in the state of Assam, India. History Manas National Park Manas National Park is approximately 10 km from Salbari. Educational institutions * Salbari Higher Secondary School * Salbari ...

and

Tamulpur Tamulpur district, is an administrative district in Bodoland Territorial Region of Assam, one of the North-Eastern states of India. The administrative headquartered at Tamulpur. In 2021, the Cabinet of Assam, headed by Chief Minister Himant ...

. These sub-divisions are further divided into 13 revenue circles: Baksa, Barama,

Goreswar Goreswar is a small town in the Tamulpur district (part of erstwhile Kamrup district till 2004), situated in the north bank of the Brahmaputra River, surrounded by Rangiya and Baihata Transport The town is located north of National Highway 31 a ...

, Baganpara, Ghograpar, Barnagar, Bajali, Jalah, Patharighat, Rangia, Sarupeta and Tihu. Three Vidhan Sabha constituencies of this district are

, Barama and

Chapaguri Jjapaguri or Chapaguri (), also known in English as ram-don, is a South Korean noodle dish that is a combination of Chapagetti and Neoguri, two types of instant noodles produced by Nongshim. Irene Jiang of ''Insider'' described it as "comfort f ...

. All of these are part of

Kokrajhar Kokrajhar () is a town in the Bodoland Territorial Region, an Autonomous administrative divisions of India, autonomous territory in Assam, one of the Northeast India, North Eastern states of India. History Under the Kingdom of Bhutan From the ...

Lok Sabha constituency.

Demographics

According to the 2011 census Baksa district has a

population Population is a set of humans or other organisms in a given region or area. Governments conduct a census to quantify the resident population size within a given jurisdiction. The term is also applied to non-human animals, microorganisms, and pl ...

of 950,075. This gives it a ranking of 458th in India (out of a total of

640 Year 640 ( DCXL) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 640 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming y ...

). The district has a population density of . Its

population growth rate Population growth is the increase in the number of people in a population or dispersed group. The global population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to 8.2 billion in 2025. Actual global human population growth amounts to around 70 million annu ...

over the decade 2001-2011 was 11.17%. Baksa has a

sex ratio A sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population. As explained by Fisher's principle, for evolutionary reasons this is typically about 1:1 in species which reproduce sexually. However, many species deviate from an even sex ratio, ei ...

of 967

females An organism's sex is female (symbol: ♀) if it produces the ovum (egg cell), the type of gamete (sex cell) that fuses with the male gamete (sperm cell) during sexual reproduction. A female has larger gametes than a male. Females and male ...

for every 1000 males, and a

literacy rate Literacy is the ability to read and write, while illiteracy refers to an inability to read and write. Some researchers suggest that the study of "literacy" as a concept can be divided into two periods: the period before 1950, when literacy was ...

of 70.53%. The residual Baksa district has a population of 560,925, of which 6,611 (1.18%) live in urban areas. The residual district has a sex ratio of 977 females per 1000 males. Scheduled Castes and Tribes made up 30,837 (5.50%) and 209,686 (37.38%) of the population respectively. According to the 2011 census, 38.34% of the population spoke Assamese, 36.33%

Boro BORO (Business Objects Reference Ontology) is an approach to developing ontological or semantic models for large complex operational applications that consists of a top ontology as well as a process for constructing the ontology. It was originally ...

, 17.69%

Bengali Bengali or Bengalee, or Bengalese may refer to: *something of, from, or related to Bengal, a large region in South Asia * Bengalis, an ethnic and linguistic group of the region * Bengali language, the language they speak ** Bengali alphabet, the w ...

, 2.42% Nepali, 1.61%

Sadri Sadri is a municipality in the Pali district of Rajasthan, India. Before it was formally founded, there were various settlements in the area which fell under the Jagir of the Rajput clan Sindhal Rathore who still reside in the central part of ...

and 1.47% Kurukh as their first language.

Education

Major educational institutions of Baksa district include: * Bagadhar Brahma Kishan College, Jalah * Barama College, Barama * Goreswar College, Goreswar * Gyanpeeth Degree College, Nikashi *

Kendriya Vidyalaya The Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan () is a system of Government of India, central government schools in India. Governed by the Ministry of Education (India), Ministry of Education, Government of India. , it has a total of 1,257 schools in India, ...

, Tamulpur * Ekalavya Model Residential School, Dalbari *

Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya (JNV) is a system of central schools for students predominantly from rural areas in India, targeting socially and economically backward students who lack access to accelerated learning due to financial, social and rura ...

, Mushalpur

Tourism

Places of interest

A major part of the world-famous

is located in this district. The park is well known for its tigers,

greater one-horned rhinoceros The Indian rhinoceros (''Rhinoceros unicornis''), also known as the greater one-horned rhinoceros, great Indian rhinoceros or Indian rhino, is a species of rhinoceros found in the Indian subcontinent. It is the second largest living rhinocer ...

wild water buffalo The wild water buffalo (''Bubalus arnee''), also called Asian buffalo, Asiatic buffalo and wild buffalo, is a large bovine native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It has been listed as ''Endangered'' in the IUCN Red List since 198 ...

es and golden langurs. Bogamati, Bhutan chowki and Daragaonhttps://www.etvbharat.com/as/_daragaon-tourist-place are the famous picnic spot with picturesque beauties is located in Baksa. Bhangtar is the other scenic location situated close to

border.

Notes

References

* *

External links

Official website of the Baksa district
{{DEFAULTSORT:Baksa District Districts of Assam 2003 establishments in Assam Bodoland