The Baker Rodrigo Ocumpaugh Monitoring Protocol (BROMP) is a momentary time-sampling method for quantitative field observations such as those used in classroom observation. BROMP was originally developed by

Ryan S. Baker Ryan S. Baker (born 1977 in Naperville, Illinois) is professor of education and computer science at the University of Pennsylvania, and also directs the Penn Center for Learning Analytics. He is known for his role in establishing the educational ...

to study

student engagement Student engagement occurs when "students make a psychological investment in learning. They try hard to learn what school offers. They take pride not simply in earning the formal indicators of success (grades), but in understanding the material and ...

online learning Educational technology (commonly abbreviated as edutech, or edtech) is the combined use of computer hardware, software, and educational theory and practice to facilitate learning. When referred to with its abbreviation, edtech, it often refer ...

. Afterwards, it was adapted for use in the

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

by Ma. Mercedes Rodrigo, and to study student

emotion Emotions are mental states brought on by neurophysiological changes, variously associated with thoughts, feelings, behavioral responses, and a degree of pleasure or displeasure. There is currently no scientific consensus on a definition. ...

. It was systematized by Jaclyn Ocumpaugh in two coding manuals, the first in 2012, and the second in 2015. It was adapted for use in India by Chokanath Hymavathy and Viola Krishnamani. It has also been adapted for use in informal science education settings. Since its development, BROMP has been used in over 50 published scientific articles, by researchers at several universities. As a momentary time-sampling method for classroom observation, a BROMP observer records students' emotions and behavior according to a pre-defined coding schema. BROMP observers view different students in turn, and take notes using an

Android app Android is a mobile operating system based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open-source software, designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. Android is developed by a consortium of deve ...

that records data. This app synchronizes with an internet time server. BROMP observations are carried out by field observers trained and certified through a multi-day training process; according to a 2020 book chapter, there are around 150 BROMP-certified coders in 6 countries. Training methods involve both training in coding affect and engagement, and training in observing students non-obtrusively. It is distinguished from other coding systems for emotion, such as Facial Action Coding System, by its use of holistic coding methods. BROMP has been used with several coding schemes. According to the 2015 coding manual, the most common coding scheme, the "PSLC" scheme (named after the

Pittsburgh Science of Learning Center The Pittsburgh Science of Learning Center (''aka'' LearnLab) is a Science of Learning Center funded by the National Science Foundation and managed by Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh. The PSLC is led by Kenneth Koedinger a ...

), consists of: BROMP has been used to collect data for the development of automated detectors of student engagement and affect for commercial systems such as Cognitive Tutor. It has also been used to study and refine commercial products such as

Reasoning Mind Reasoning Mind is a non-profit organization that develops computer-based math curricula and works with schools to implement them in classrooms. In addition, Reasoning Mind provides professional development to teachers using the program. The or ...

. Though originally developed for studying online learning, BROMP is now used for research in traditional classrooms as well. BROMP was used by the Chennai Corporation to study the engagement of children in classes using different teacher practices. It has also been used in informal science education, as part of the instructional design and refinement practices of the

Black Rock Forest Black Rock Forest is a forest and biological field station maintained by Black Rock Forest Consortium. It is located in the western Hudson Highlands region of the U.S. state of New York, in Orange County, mostly in the town of Cornwall, with the ...

. A database of publicly released BROMP data, th
BROMPpository
is available for research use.

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References