viruses
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells
Cell most often refers to:
* Cell (biology), the functional basic unit of life
Cell may also refer to:
Locations
* Monastic cell, a small room ...
, in the family ''
Caulimoviridae
''Caulimoviridae'' is a family of viruses infecting plants. There are 94 species in this family, assigned to 11 genera. Viruses belonging to the family ''Caulimoviridae'' are termed double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) reverse-transcribing viruses (or pa ...
'' order ''
Ortervirales
''Ortervirales'' is an order that contains all accepted species of single-stranded RNA viruses that replicate through a DNA intermediate (Group VI) and all accepted species of double-stranded DNA viruses (except ''Hepadnaviridae'') that replicat ...
''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 67 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: CSSV: leaf chlorosis, root necrosis, red vein banding in young leaves, small mottled pods, and stem/root swelling followed by die-back. Infection decreases yield by 25% within one year, 50% within two years and usually kills trees within 3–4 years.
Taxonomy
The following species are recognized:
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Aglaonema bacilliform virus
''Aglaonema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the arum family, Araceae. They are native to tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and New Guinea.
Banana streak MY virus
''Banana streak MY virus'' (BSMYV) is a plant virus that causes banana streak disease of banana (''Musa'') species, which results in chlorotic streaks in the leaves and a reduced crop. The virus has been recovered from Australia, India and Tong ...
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Banana streak OL virus
A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus '' Musa''. In some countries, bananas used for cooking may be called "plantains", distin ...
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Banana streak UA virus
A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus '' Musa''. In some countries, bananas used for cooking may be called "plantains", distin ...
Birch leafroll-associated virus
A birch is a thin-leaved deciduous hardwood tree of the genus ''Betula'' (), in the family Betulaceae, which also includes alders, hazels, and hornbeams. It is closely related to the beech- oak family Fagaceae. The genus ''Betula'' contain ...
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Blackberry virus F
The blackberry is an edible fruit produced by many species in the genus '' Rubus'' in the family Rosaceae, hybrids among these species within the subgenus ''Rubus'', and hybrids between the subgenera ''Rubus'' and ''Idaeobatus''. The taxonom ...
Cacao swollen shoot virus
''Cacao swollen shoot virus'' (CSSV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family '' Caulimoviridae'' that primarily infects cacao trees. It decreases cacao yield within the first year of infection, and usually kills the tree within a few years. S ...
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Cacao swollen shoot CD virus
Cacao is the seed from which cocoa and chocolate are made, from Spanish cacao, an adaptation of Nahuatl cacaua, the root form of cacahuatl ("bean of the cocoa-tree"). It may also refer to:
Plants
*'' Theobroma cacao'', a tropical evergreen tree
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Cacao swollen shoot Ghana Q virus
Cacao is the seed from which cocoa and chocolate are made, from Spanish cacao, an adaptation of Nahuatl cacaua, the root form of cacahuatl ("bean of the cocoa-tree"). It may also refer to:
Plants
*'' Theobroma cacao'', a tropical evergreen tree
...
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Cacao swollen shoot Togo A virus
Cacao is the seed from which cocoa and chocolate are made, from Spanish cacao, an adaptation of Nahuatl cacaua, the root form of cacahuatl ("bean of the cocoa-tree"). It may also refer to:
Plants
*'' Theobroma cacao'', a tropical evergreen tree
...
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Cacao swollen shoot Togo B virus
Cacao is the seed from which cocoa and chocolate are made, from Spanish cacao, an adaptation of Nahuatl cacaua, the root form of cacahuatl ("bean of the cocoa-tree"). It may also refer to:
Plants
*'' Theobroma cacao'', a tropical evergreen tree
...
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Cacao yellow vein banding virus
Cacao is the seed from which cocoa and chocolate are made, from Spanish cacao, an adaptation of Nahuatl cacaua, the root form of cacahuatl ("bean of the cocoa-tree"). It may also refer to:
Plants
*'' Theobroma cacao'', a tropical evergreen tree
...
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Camellia lemon glow virus
''Camellia'' (pronounced or ) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Theaceae. They are found in eastern and southern Asia, from the Himalayas east to Japan and Indonesia. There are more than 220 described species, with some contro ...
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Canna yellow mottle associated virus
Canna may refer to:
Places
* Canna, Western Australia, a locality in the Shire of Morawa, Australia
* Canna, Calabria, a ''comune'' in the Province of Cosenza, Italy
* Cannae, a ''frazione'' in the Province of Barletta-Andria-Trani, Apulia, Ital ...
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Canna yellow mottle virus
Canna may refer to:
Places
* Canna, Western Australia, a locality in the Shire of Morawa, Australia
* Canna, Calabria, a ''comune'' in the Province of Cosenza, Italy
* Cannae, a ''frazione'' in the Province of Barletta-Andria-Trani, Apulia, Ital ...
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Citrus yellow mosaic virus
''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and limes. The genus ''Citrus'' is nati ...
Commelina yellow mottle virus
''Commelina'' is a genus of approximately 170 species commonly called dayflowers due to the short lives of their flowers. They are less often known as widow's tears. It is by far the largest genus of its family, Commelinaceae. The Swedish taxono ...
Dioscorea bacilliform TR virus
''Dioscorea'' is a genus of over 600 species of flowering plants in the family Dioscoreaceae, native throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. The vast majority of the species are tropical, with only a few species exten ...
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Dracaena mottle virus
Dracaena (romanized form of the Greek ''δράκαινα'' - ''drakaina'', "female dragon") can mean:
*Drakaina (mythology), a Greek mythological entity
* ''Dracaena'' (plant), a genus of plants
*''Cordyline australis'', a plant commonly known as ...
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Epiphyllum mottle-associated virus
''Epiphyllum'' (; "upon the leaf" in Greek) is a genus of epiphytic plants in the cactus family (Cactaceae), native to Central America and South America. Common names for these species include climbing cacti, orchid cacti and leaf cacti, th ...
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Fig badnavirus 1
The fig is the edible fruit of ''Ficus carica'', a species of small tree in the flowering plant family Moraceae. Native to the Mediterranean and western Asia, it has been cultivated since ancient times and is now widely grown throughout the wo ...
Grapevine badnavirus 1
''Vitis'' (grapevine) is a genus of 79 accepted species of vining plants in the flowering plant family Vitaceae. The genus is made up of species predominantly from the Northern Hemisphere. It is economically important as the source of grapes, ...
Grapevine vein clearing virus
''Vitis'' (grapevine) is a genus of 79 accepted species of vining plants in the flowering plant family Vitaceae. The genus is made up of species predominantly from the Northern Hemisphere. It is economically important as the source of grapes, ...
Ivy ringspot-associated virus
''Hedera'', commonly called ivy (plural ivies), is a genus of 12–15 species of evergreen climbing or ground-creeping woody plants in the family Araliaceae, native to western, central and southern Europe, Macaronesia, northwestern Afric ...
Mulberry badnavirus 1
''Morus'', a genus of flowering plants in the family Moraceae, consists of diverse species of deciduous trees commonly known as mulberries, growing wild and under cultivation in many temperate world regions. Generally, the genus has 64 ide ...
Pineapple bacilliform CO virus
The pineapple (''Ananas comosus'') is a tropical plant with an edible fruit; it is the most economically significant plant in the family Bromeliaceae. The pineapple is indigenous to South America, where it has been cultivated for many centurie ...
Sugarcane bacilliform MO virus
Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of (often hybrid) tall, perennial grass (in the genus '' Saccharum'', tribe Andropogoneae) that is used for sugar production. The plants are 2–6 m (6–20 ft) tall with stout, jointed, fibrous stal ...
Taro bacilliform virus
Taro () (''Colocasia esculenta)'' is a root vegetable. It is the most widely cultivated species of several plants in the family Araceae that are used as vegetables for their corms, leaves, and petioles. Taro corms are a food staple in Africa ...
Viruses in ''Badnavirus'' are non-enveloped, with bacilliform geometries. These viruses are about 30 nm wide and 90-900 nm long. Genomes are circular and non-segmented.
Life cycle
Viral replication is nuclear/cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the dsDNA(RT) replication model. DNA-templated transcription, specifically dsDNA-RT transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear pore export, and tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. The virus is transmitted via a vector (cssv: mealybugs). Transmission routes are vector, mechanical, and seed borne.