Bal Krishan Anand (1917–2007) was an Indian physiologist and pharmacologist. He was credited for the discovery of the feeding centre in the

hypothalamus The hypothalamus (: hypothalami; ) is a small part of the vertebrate brain that contains a number of nucleus (neuroanatomy), nuclei with a variety of functions. One of the most important functions is to link the nervous system to the endocrin ...

in 1951. He is considered the founder of modern

Neurophysiology Neurophysiology is a branch of physiology and neuroscience concerned with the functions of the nervous system and their mechanisms. The term ''neurophysiology'' originates from the Greek word ''νεῦρον'' ("nerve") and ''physiology'' (whic ...

in India.

Early life

He was born in

Lahore Lahore ( ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of the Administrative units of Pakistan, Pakistani province of Punjab, Pakistan, Punjab. It is the List of cities in Pakistan by population, second-largest city in Pakistan, after Karachi, and ...

as Bal Krishan Anand in 1917. He graduated from

King George Medical College King George's Medical University is a medical university located in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. The medical school was raised to a university by an act passed by the government of Uttar Pradesh on 16 September 2002. It is the only government ...

in 1940 and obtained his M.D. degree in 1948. He joined in 1949 the

Lady Hardinge Medical College Lady Hardinge Medical College, also known as LHMC, is a public medical college and central government hospital located in New Delhi, India. Established in 1916, it became part of the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi in 1950. The ...

as Professor of Physiology. He went to

Yale University Yale University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Founded in 1701, Yale is the List of Colonial Colleges, third-oldest institution of higher education in the United Stat ...

as a Fellow of the

Rockefeller Foundation The Rockefeller Foundation is an American private foundation and philanthropic medical research and arts funding organization based at 420 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The foundation was created by Standard Oil magnate John D. Rockefeller (" ...

in 1950 and worked with John Brobeck. They had published their research work in 1951.Anand B K and Brobeck J R. Hypothalamic control of food intake in rats and cats. Yale J. Biol. Med. 24:123-40, 1951. He \ returned to India in 1952 and continued his research at Lady Hardinge Medical College. He joined the

All India Institute of Medical Sciences The All India Institutes of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) is a group of autonomous government public medical universities of higher education under the jurisdiction of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. These institutes ha ...

as its first professor in the Department of Physiology in 1956. He was instrumental in establishing the guidelines of education for M.B., B.S. and Postgraduate students. He became Dean of that Institute. He was instrumental in the establishment of

Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, often abbreviated as SKIMS, is the largest medical institute under State Legislature Act in Srinagar, in the Indian union territory Among the states and union territories of India, a Union T ...

in 1982.

Bibliography

* B. K. Anand and J. R. Brobeck: Hypothalamic control of food intake in rats and cats. Yale J. Biol. Med. 24:123-40, 1951. * B. K. Anand and S. Dua: Hypothalamic involvement in the Pituitary Adrenocortical Response.

Journal of Physiology ''The Journal of Physiology'' is a semi-monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that was established in 1878 and is published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The Physiological Society. It covers research on all aspects of physiology, with an emp ...

. I955. I27, I53-I56. * B. K. Anand and S. Dua: Circulatory and Respiratory changes induced by Electrical stimulation of Limbic system (Visceral brain).

Journal of Neurophysiology The ''Journal of Neurophysiology'' is a monthly Peer review, peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1938. It is published by the American Physiological Society with Jan "Nino" Ramirez as its editor-in-chief. Ramirez is the Director for ...

. 19: 393–400, 1956. * B. K. Anand, S. Dua and Baldev Singh. Electrical activity of the hypothalamic 'feeding centres' under the effect of changes in blood chemistry, Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. Volume 13, Issue 1, February 1961, Pages 54–59. * B. K. Anand, G. S. Chhina, and Baldev Singh. Effect of Glucose on the Activity of Hypothalamic "Feeding Centers".

Science Science is a systematic discipline that builds and organises knowledge in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions about the universe. Modern science is typically divided into twoor threemajor branches: the natural sciences, which stu ...

2 November 1962: Vol. 138. no. 3540, pp. 597 – 598.

Awards

* He was awarded the

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology Shanti or Shanthi may refer to: In Sanskrit * Inner peace, a state of being mentally and spiritually at peace, with enough knowledge and understanding to keep oneself strong in the face of discord or stress * Kshanti, one of the paramitas of B ...

in Medical Sciences in 1963. * Government of India awarded him

Padma Shri The Padma Shri (IAST: ''padma śrī'', lit. 'Lotus Honour'), also spelled Padma Shree, is the fourth-highest Indian honours system, civilian award of the Republic of India, after the Bharat Ratna, the Padma Vibhushan and the Padma Bhushan. In ...

in Medicine in 1969. * He was a fellow of the

National Academy of Medical Sciences National Academy of Medical Sciences (India), better known by its acronym, NAMS, is a non-constitutional, non-statutory advisory body to the Government in matters related to National Health Policy and Planning and as a promoting agency for contin ...

Indian National Science Academy The Indian National Science Academy (INSA) is a national academy in New Delhi New Delhi (; ) is the Capital city, capital of India and a part of the Delhi, National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT). New Delhi is the seat of all three b ...

and the

Indian Academy of Sciences The Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore was founded by Indian Physicist and List of Nobel laureates, Nobel Laureate Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, C. V. Raman, and was registered as a society on 27 April 1934. Inaugurated on 31 July 1934, it ...

. * The Medical Council of India awarded him the

Dr. B. C. Roy Award The Bidhan Chandra Roy Award is an award instituted in 1962 in memory of Dr. B. C. Roy by the Medical Council of India. It is presented by the President of India in New Delhi every year on July 1, National Doctors' Day. It is also the highest h ...

in 1984.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anand, B. K. Indian physiologists 1917 births 2007 deaths Recipients of the Padma Shri in medicine Rockefeller Fellows Indian medical educators Indian pharmacologists Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy Academic staff of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi Indian medical academics Scientists from Lahore Dr. B. C. Roy Award winners Fellows of the National Academy of Medical Sciences Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences 20th-century Indian biologists King George's Medical University alumni University of Lucknow alumni Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Medical Science Indian expatriate academics in the United States People from Punjab Province (British India)