The national flag of Azerbaijan (), often referred to as the tricolour flag (), is a horizontal

tricolour A triband is a vexillological style which consists of three stripes arranged to form a flag. These stripes may be two or three colours, and may be charged with an emblem in the middle stripe. Not all tribands are tricolour flags, which requires t ...

that features three equally sized bars of bright blue, red, and green; a white crescent; and a centred

eight-pointed star In geometry, an octagram is an eight-angled star polygon. The name ''octagram'' combine a Greek numeral prefix, ''wikt:octa-, octa-'', with the Greek language, Greek suffix ''wikt:-gram, -gram''. The ''-gram'' suffix derives from γραμμή ...

. The flag has become the predominant and most recognizable symbol of Azerbaijan. The bright blue represents

Azerbaijan Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a Boundaries between the continents, transcontinental and landlocked country at the boundary of West Asia and Eastern Europe. It is a part of the South Caucasus region and is bounded by ...

's Turkic identity, the red represents progress, and the green represents

Islam Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world ...

, which is Azerbaijan's majority religion. The Azerbaijani Flag Day, held every year on 9 November, was established by Law No. 595 on 17 November 2009. The day commemorates the first official adoption of the tricolour as a

national flag A national flag is a flag that represents and national symbol, symbolizes a given nation. It is Fly (flag), flown by the government of that nation, but can also be flown by its citizens. A national flag is typically designed with specific meanin ...

by the

Azerbaijan Democratic Republic The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (), also known as the Azerbaijan People's Republic (; ), was the first secular democracy, democratic republic in the Turkic peoples, Turkic and Muslim worlds. *Tadeusz Swietochowski. ''Russia and Azerbaijan: ...

, which occurred on 9 November 1918. The flag was used by the republic until the 1920 Soviet invasion of Azerbaijan. It was reinstated, with slight variations to the colours and size, on 5 February 1991 following the country's independence from the

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

. The flag is referred to in the national constitution and mentioned twice in the national anthem,

Azərbaycan marşı The State Anthem of the Republic of Azerbaijan, also referred to as "" is the national anthem of Azerbaijan. The music was composed by Uzeyir Hajibeyov, a musicologist and prominent figure in Azerbaijani classical music. The lyrics, written in ...

. On land, the flag is used as the civil, state and

war flag A war ensign, also known as a military flag, battle flag, or standard, is a variant of a national flag for use by a country's military forces when on land. The nautical equivalent is a naval ensign. Under the strictest sense of the term, few co ...

; at sea, it is used as the civil, state, naval ensigns, and the

naval jack A jack is a flag flown from a short jackstaff at the bow (front) of a vessel, while the ensign is flown on the stern (rear). Jacks on bowsprits or foremasts appeared in the 17th century. A country may have different jacks for different pu ...

. The Azerbaijani law regulates the flag's use and display, protecting it from

desecration Desecration is the act of depriving something of its sacred character, or the disrespectful, contemptuous, or destructive treatment of that which is held to be sacred or holy by a group or individual. Overview Many consider acts of desecration t ...

. The flag also has official status in Nakhchivan, an autonomous republic within Azerbaijan.

History

Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1918–1920)

On 28 May 1918, the

(ADR) declared independence. One of the first actions of the republic was the adoption of national symbols. Taking inspiration from the

flag of the Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire used various flags and naval ensigns during its history. The crescent and star came into use in the second half of the 18th century. A ' (decree) from 1793 required that the ships of the Ottoman Navy were to use a red flag with ...

, the ADR adopted its first state flag on 21 June 1918, which depicted a white crescent and a white eight-pointed star on a red background. The new flag was almost identical to the old Ottoman Empire flag, which also featured an

until 1844 when it was replaced by a

five-pointed star A five-pointed star (☆), geometrically an equilateral concave decagon, is a common ideogram in modern culture. Comparatively rare in classical heraldry, it was notably introduced for the flag of the United States in the Flag Act of 1777 and si ...

. The similarities between the flags reflected the

hegemony Hegemony (, , ) is the political, economic, and military predominance of one State (polity), state over other states, either regional or global. In Ancient Greece (ca. 8th BC – AD 6th c.), hegemony denoted the politico-military dominance of ...

of the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

at the time, as well as the ethnic kinship between the Turkic populations of ADR and the Ottoman Empire. Within a few months, the newly adopted flag began to be questioned due to it exclusively representing

Turkism Pan-Turkism () or Turkism () is a political movement that emerged during the 1880s among Turkic intellectuals who lived in the Russian region of Kazan (Tatarstan), South Caucasus (modern-day Azerbaijan) and the Ottoman Empire (modern-day Turkey) ...

. Thus, it was suggested that a new flag be created. The new flag was to reflect three ideas: Turkism,

Islamism Islamism is a range of religious and political ideological movements that believe that Islam should influence political systems. Its proponents believe Islam is innately political, and that Islam as a political system is superior to communism ...

and the desire for progress. These ideas reflected the official ideology of ADR, which was "Turkicisation, Islamicization, and Modernisation". The formation of these ideas was influenced by the work of Islamic ideologist

Jamal al-Din al-Afghani Sayyid Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī (Pashto/), also known as Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī () and commonly known as Al-Afghani (1838/1839 – 9 March 1897), was an Iranian political activist and Islamic ideologist who travelled throughout the Mus ...

who, in his books "The Philosophy of National Unity and the True Essence of Religious Unification" and "Islamic Unity", wrote that the progress of Muslim peoples is possible under the condition of religious consolidation,

national unity Nationalism is an idea or movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state. As a movement, it presupposes the existence and tends to promote the interests of a particular nation, Smith, Anthony. ''Nationalism: Theory, Id ...

and the study of the progressive traditions of European statehood. On 9 November 1918, a draft of an updated state flag was approved. Created by

Ali bey Huseynzade Ali bey Huseyn oghlu Huseynzade (; ; Salyan, Azerbaijan, Salyan, March 7, 1864 – Istanbul, March 17, 1940) was an Azerbaijanis, Azerbaijani writer, thinker, philosopher, artist, doctor, and the creator of the modern Flag of Azerbaijan. Early y ...

, the new flag was a horizontal tricolour of blue, red and green with a white crescent and an eight-pointed star placed in the centre. On 7 December 1918, the updated state flag was raised over Azerbaijan's parliament building. In a speech to the parliament,

Mammad Amin Rasulzade Mahammad Amin Akhund Haji Molla Alakbar oghlu Rasulzade (31 January 1884 – 6 March 1955) was an Azerbaijani politician, journalist and the head of the Azerbaijani National Council. He is mainly considered the founder of Azerbaijan Democratic ...

, the

Azerbaijani National Council Azerbaijani National Council () was the first delegated legislative body of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR) from 27 May 1918 to 17 June 1918 and again from 16 November 1918 to 3 December 1918. It was succeeded by the ''Parliament'' (), a ...

chairman who had declared ADR's independence, stated: " ..and for this reason, gentlemen, the National Council has raised this three-coloured flag, which represents Azerbaijan, and this flag, the symbol of Turkic sovereignty, Islamic culture, and modern European power, will always fly above us. This flag, once raised, will never come down again".

Use of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic flag after 1920

After the fall of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in April 1920 following the Red Army invasion, their flag was used by emigrant organizations outside the

. During

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, the ADR flag was used by the battalions of the

Azerbaijani Legion The Azerbaijani Legion (, ) was one of the foreign units of the Wehrmacht. It was formed in December 1941 on the Eastern Front as the ''Kaukasische-Mohammedanische Legion'' (Muslim Caucasus Legion) and was re-designated 1942 into two separate leg ...

, who were military formations of ethnic

Azerbaijanis Azerbaijanis (; , ), Azeris (, ), or Azerbaijani Turks (, ) are a Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group living mainly in the Azerbaijan (Iran), Azerbaijan region of northwestern Iran and the Azerbaijan, Republic of Azerbaijan. They are predomin ...

fighting on the side of

Nazi Germany Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalit ...

. Depicted on the sleeve emblems of the Azerbaijan Legion's uniforms were three horizontal equal stripes of blue, red and green; a white crescent; and a five-pointed star on a red field. The ADR flag was used during a congress of Azerbaijanis headed by former Soviet Azerbaijani major Abdurrahman Fatalibeyli, held in

Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...

, Germany on 6 November 1943. In 1922, Mammad Amin Rasulzade fled from

Soviet Russia The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Russian Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the labo ...

, through

Finland Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, ...

and to

Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...

. While there in 1952, he made a copy of the ADR flag, which he later gave to his friend Gulmirza Baghirov. Baghirov secretly brought the flag to Azerbaijan and hung it on his home in

Maştağa Maştağa () is a settlement and municipality in Baku, Azerbaijan Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a Boundaries between the continents, transcontinental and landlocked country at the boundary of West Asia and Eastern E ...

in 1976. It was given to the

National Museum of History of Azerbaijan The National Museum of History of Azerbaijan () is the largest museum in Azerbaijan. It is located in Baku, in the former residential house of Azerbaijani oil magnate and philanthropist Haji Zeynalabdin Taghiyev. The museum was founded in 1920, ...

in July 2003 and has since been kept in the museum. In 1956, a protester named Jahid Hilaloghlu raised the ADR flag over Maiden Tower in

Baku Baku (, ; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Azerbaijan, largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and in the Caucasus region. Baku is below sea level, which makes it the List of capital ci ...

, showing his defiance of

Soviet Azerbaijan The Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, also referred to as the Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic, Azerbaijan SSR, Azerbaijani SSR, AzSSR, Soviet Azerbaijan or simply Azerbaijan, was one of the Republics of the Soviet Union, constituent re ...

. Hilaloghlu was sentenced to four years of imprisonment and his supporter Chingiz Abdullayev was institutionalized. Azerbaijan Parlament.jpg, The first meeting of the Parliament of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, where a tricolour flag was hung. 7 December 1918. Azerbaijani delegation in Paris.jpg, Azerbaijani delegation in Paris at the Claridge Hotel during the Paris Peace Conference, 1919. The tricolour flag of the ADR is visible in the background, on the chest of drawers. Army of Azerbaijan in 1918.jpg, Officers and soldiers of the army of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic against the background of the state tricolour

Azerbaijan SSR (1920–1991)

On 28 April 1920, Azerbaijan became a Soviet republic, as the

Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic The Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, also referred to as the Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic, Azerbaijan SSR, Azerbaijani SSR, AzSSR, Soviet Azerbaijan or simply Azerbaijan, was one of the Republics of the Soviet Union, constituent re ...

(Soviet Azerbaijan). The state flags of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic were banned during this period. While under Soviet rule, the Soviet Azerbaijan used eight different flags. Most of the flags only variated slightly. The adaptations were the result of the chaotic early years of the Soviet Union in the Caucasus. The first unofficial Soviet Azerbaijan flag was used during the Soviet conquest of

on 28 April 1920. Soviet Azerbaijan's first official flag was adopted on 19 May 1921, in its first constitution under Article 104. At the time, the state language of Soviet Azerbaijan was

Azerbaijani Turkic Azerbaijani ( ; , , ) or Azeri ( ), also referred to as Azerbaijani Turkic or Azerbaijani Turkish (, , ), is a Turkic language from the Oghuz sub-branch. It is spoken primarily by the Azerbaijani people, who live mainly in the Republic of A ...

and its alphabet was based on the

Arabic script The Arabic script is the writing system used for Arabic (Arabic alphabet) and several other languages of Asia and Africa. It is the second-most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world (after the Latin script), the second-most widel ...

. Therefore, the words ''A.S.R.'' were written in Arabic. The eighth and final flag of Soviet Azerbaijan was issued on 7 October 1952. The design was similar to the Soviet national flag but included a horizontal blue band on the bottom, which took up a quarter of the flag's height. The flag's definition was as follows:

Republic of Azerbaijan (1991–present)

In the late 1980s, during unrest in Soviet Azerbaijan, the tricolour Azerbaijan Democratic Republic flag was used in demonstrations calling for independence. On 17 November 1990, during the first session of the Supreme Assembly of the

Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (, ) is a landlocked country, landlocked Enclave and exclave, exclave of the Azerbaijan, Republic of Azerbaijan. The region covers Official portal of Nakhchivan Autonomous RepublicNakhchivan Autonomous Republi ...

, the 1918 ADR flag was adopted as the national flag of the autonomous state. This flag was later adopted with the decree, "On change the name and national flag of Azerbaijan SSR". The decree was issued on 29 November 1990 by the president of Azerbaijan SSR and ratified on 5 February 1991 by the

Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR The Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan SSR, later renamed as the Supreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan Republic from 1991 until its abolition in 1995, was the supreme soviet (main legislative institution) of the Azerbaijan SSR, and later the Republic ...

. The first constitution since independence was adopted on 12 November 1995 after a national vote; one of the articles described the three-colour flag of the republic. On 17 November 2007, the Azerbaijani president

Ilham Aliyev Ilham Heydar Oghlu Aliyev (born 24 December 1961) is an Azerbaijani politician who has been the fourth president of Azerbaijan since 2003. He is also the leader of the New Azerbaijan Party since 2005. The son and second child of former Aze ...

issued a decree "On creation of the

National Flag Square State Flag Square () is a public square situated along Neftchiler Avenue in Bayil, Baku, Azerbaijan. Spanning , with its upper section covering , the square prominently displays national symbols of Azerbaijan, including the state coat of arms ...

" in Baku. The square had a 162 metre tall flag pole weighing 220 tons. The flag flown on the pole was 35 metres wide and 70 metres long, and weighed 350 kilograms. A museum dedicated to the national flag was also built at the flagpole. On 1 September 2010, the flag was officially raised to open the museum; subsequently becoming the world's tallest unsupported flagpole, until being overtaken by

Tajikistan Tajikistan, officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Dushanbe is the capital city, capital and most populous city. Tajikistan borders Afghanistan to the Afghanistan–Tajikistan border, south, Uzbekistan to ...

165 metre

Dushanbe Flagpole The Dushanbe Flagpole (; ) is a free–standing flagpole located in front of the Palace of Nations in Dushanbe, Tajikistan. At , it was the tallest flagpole in the world from its completion in 2011 until the 2014 erection of the Jeddah Flagpol ...

in 2011. The flagpole was dismantled in 2017 due the risks of the structure falling onto

Baku Boulevard Baku Boulevard (, also known as National Park) is a promenade established in 1909 which runs parallel to Baku's seafront. Its history goes back more than 100 years, to a time when Baku oil barons built their mansions along the Caspian Sea, Caspi ...

grounds.

Timeline gallery

File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan (1918).svg, Flag of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1918) File:Flag of Azerbaijan 1918.svg, Flag of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1918–1920) File:Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1920).svg, Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1920) File:Azerbaijansovietrep1920-1921.svg, Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1920–1921) File:Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1922).svg, Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1922) File:Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1924-1927).svg, Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic within the TSFSR (1924 - 1927) File:Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1927-1931).svg, Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic within the TSFSR (1927 - 1931) File:Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1931-1937).svg, Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic within the TSFSR (1931 - 1937) File:Flag of the Transcaucasian SFSR (variant).svg, Flag of the Transcaucasian SFSR (1930s–1936) File:Flag AzSSR.svg, Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1937–1940) File:Flag АзССР.svg, Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1952) File:Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic.svg, Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1952–1991) File:Flag of Azerbaijan (1991–2013).svg, Flag of the Republic of Azerbaijan (1991–2013) File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg, Flag of the Republic of Azerbaijan (2013–present)

Design

The national flag of Azerbaijan consists of three horizontal stripes of equal width, from top to bottom: light blue, red, and green. A white crescent and an eight-pointed star are in the centre. The basic description of the flag, along with its ratio, is indicated in the

Constitution of Azerbaijan The Constitution of Azerbaijan () was adopted on 12 November 1995 by popular referendum. This was the first Constitution of independent Azerbaijan. The first Constitution of independent Azerbaijan consists of 5 chapters, 12 sections and 147 arti ...

: Further specifications of the flag were detailed in the presidential decree, "On the National Flag of the Republic of Azerbaijan", issued on 5 February 1991. The ratio was kept at 1:2, which was used during the Soviet era. Each stripe fully extends to one-third of the flag's total height. The star and crescent are placed in the centre of the red stripe. The outside diameter of both the crescent and the red inside circle intersects with the diameter of the star. The diameter of the star is one-sixth the height of the flag, while the inscribed circle within the star is one-twelfth the height of the flag.

Colour

The flag is coloured green, red, sky blue, and white. The exact specifications for its colours were issued in the 2004 decree "On the Rules of the National Flag of the Republic of Azerbaijan". The colour scheme used in 1918–1920, and between 1991 and 2013 is as follows: The colours, updated in 2013 and ratified in 2018 and specified in

Pantone Pantone LLC (stylized as PANTONE) is an American limited liability company headquartered in Carlstadt, New Jersey, and best known for its Pantone Matching System (PMS), a proprietary color order system used in a variety of industries, notably gr ...

, are as follows:

Symbolism

The bright blue symbolizes the Turkic heritage of Azerbaijan, the red reflects the creation of a modern state and the development of

democracy Democracy (from , ''dēmos'' 'people' and ''kratos'' 'rule') is a form of government in which political power is vested in the people or the population of a state. Under a minimalist definition of democracy, rulers are elected through competitiv ...

, and green symbolizes Islam. In the centre of the flag, appearing on both the front and the back, there is a

crescent and star The conjoined representation of a Star (heraldry), star and a crescent is used in various historical contexts, including as a prominent symbol of the Ottoman Empire, and in contemporary times, as a national symbol by some countries, and by some ...

, comprising a white crescent and an eight-pointed star. While the crescent and star are typically seen as markers of Islam, some historians and researchers disagree about why the eight-pointed star is on the flag. Fatali Khan Khoyski points to the eight letters in the word "Azerbaijan" (آذربایجان) when written in Arabic. The eight points of the star are also thought to stand for the eight Turkic peoples classified in pre-Soviet times:

Ottomans Ottoman may refer to: * Osman I, historically known in English as "Ottoman I", founder of the Ottoman Empire * Osman II, historically known in English as "Ottoman II" * Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empir ...

(Turks), Chagatais,

Tatars Tatars ( )Tatar
in the Collins English Dictionary are a group of Turkic peoples across Eas ...

Kipchaks The Kipchaks, also spelled Qipchaqs, known as Polovtsians (''Polovtsy'') in Russian annals, were Turkic nomads and then a confederation that existed in the Middle Ages inhabiting parts of the Eurasian Steppe. First mentioned in the eighth cent ...

Seljuks The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids ( ; , ''Saljuqian'',) alternatively spelled as Saljuqids or Seljuk Turks, was an Oghuz Turkic, Sunni Muslim dynasty that gradually became Persianate and contributed to Turco-Persian culture. The founder of th ...

, and Turkomans. It is possible the Kipchaks actually reflect two peoples, the

Kazakhs The Kazakhs (Kazakh language, Kazakh: , , , ) are a Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia and Eastern Europe. They share a common Culture of Kazakhstan, culture, Kazakh language, language and History of Kazakhstan, history ...

and Kyrgyz, which would make eight.

Protocol

According to Article 2 of Law No. 683 of the Republic of Azerbaijan, dated 8 June 2004 (as amended on 1 September 2005), the national flag must be raised by the following: The national flag must also be raised over the buildings, military courts and headquarters of military units and naval vessels of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Azerbaijan in the following cases: * During the public holidays * During the military oath * In the case of awarding of military units or military courts * When a military unit or military vessel is located on the territory of another country When hanging upright without a flagpole, the Azerbaijani flag must be placed on the wall of the building in a vertical position, so that the green side of the flag appears on the left.

Legal protection

Flag desecration Flag desecration is the desecration of a flag, violation of flag protocol, or various acts that intentionally destroy, damage, or mutilate a flag in public. In the case of a national flag, such action is often intended to make a political point ...

in Azerbaijan is considered a crime. According to Article 324 Criminal Code of Azerbaijan "Desecration of the State Flag or the State Emblem of the Republic of Azerbaijan" is punishable by restriction of liberties for up to two years or imprisonment for up to one year. Desecration can be expressed in the commission by persons over the age of 16 of a wide variety of active public actions, indicating a disrespectful attitude towards the flag, for example, its destruction, damage, or cynical drawings or inscriptions.

State Flag Day

The Day of the State Flag of Azerbaijan was established by Law No. 595, enacted 17 November 2009 by president

. It is held annually on 9 November. The date is considered a non-working day in the country. During his speech at the opening ceremony of the State Flag Square, Ilham Aliyev stated that the reason for signing the order on 17 November was that the ADR flag was reinstated as the state flag of Republic of Azerbaijan on 17 November 1990.

Influence

The expression by Rasulzade (; "The flag once raised will never fall!") was the rallying cry of Azerbaijani independence in early 20th century. In 1919,

Jafar Jabbarly Jafar Gafar oghlu Jabbarly, (, 20 March 1899, Khizi – 31 December 1934, Baku) was the eminent Azerbaijani and USSR, Soviet writer, the founder of the Azerbaijan Soviet dramaturgy. He was a director, playwright and screenwriter. Life After his ...

wrote the poem, "To Azerbaijani flag" in dedication to the state symbols of Azerbaijan. The national flag is also mentioned in the national anthem of Azerbaijan, "

" (), in the fifth and fifteenth sentences. The passages have the following unofficial English translation: "With three colour banner live happily!" and "To hold high your honoured flag."

References

Literature

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

External links

* *
VEXILLOGRAPHIA - Флаги Азербайджана
{{nationalflags

National symbols of Azerbaijan Modern history of Azerbaijan

Tricolor flags Quadcolor flags