Ayrums (, in

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

often as ''Âyromlū'') are a Turkic tribe, considered to be a sub-ethnic group of

Azerbaijanis Azerbaijanis (; , ), Azeris (, ), or Azerbaijani Turks (, ) are a Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group living mainly in the Azerbaijan (Iran), Azerbaijan region of northwestern Iran and the Azerbaijan, Republic of Azerbaijan. They are predomin ...

after the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. They have been historically associated with the area nearby the city of

Gyumri Gyumri (, ) is an urban municipal community and the List of cities and towns in Armenia, second-largest city in Armenia, serving as the administrative center of Shirak Province in the northwestern part of the country. By the end of the 19th centur ...

(in present-day

Armenia Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia. It is a part of the Caucasus region and is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia (country), Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to ...

History

In 1828, after the signing of the

Treaty of Turkmenchay The Treaty of Turkmenchay (; ) was an agreement between Qajar Iran and the Russian Empire, which concluded the Russo-Persian War (1826–1828). It was second of the series of treaties (the first was the 1813 Treaty of Gulistan and the last, the ...

by which

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...

lost the khanates (provinces) of

Erivan Yerevan ( , , ; ; sometimes spelled Erevan) is the capital and largest city of Armenia, as well as one of the world's List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest continuously inhabited cities. Situated along the Hrazdan River, Yerev ...

and Nakhchivan, Iranian Crown Prince

Abbas Mirza Abbas Mirza (; 26 August 1789 – 25 October 1833) was the Qajar dynasty, Qajar crown prince of Qajar Iran, Iran during the reign of his father Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (). As governor of the vulnerable Azerbaijan (Iran), Azerbaijan province, he played ...

invited many of the Turkic tribes that would be otherwise subjected to rule by the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...

to move inside Iran's newly established borders. The Ayrumlu were one of them and were settled in

Avajiq Avajiq () is a city in, and the capital of, Dashtaki District of Chaldoran County, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. The city of Avajiq is near the Turkish border, some south of the town of Doğubeyazıt in Turkey. It is the westernmost city ...

, a district to the west of Maku. They are associated with numerous villages in Iran's

West Azerbaijan province West Azerbaijan province () is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, whose capital and largest city is Urmia. It is in the northwest of the country, bordered by Turkey ( Ağrı, Hakkâri, Iğdır and Van Provinces), Iraq ( Erbil and Sula ...

and are completely sedentary in contemporary times. During the late 19th and the early 20th centuries, some more migrated to Iran and

Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...

. The Ayrums also live in the westernmost reaches of the present-day

Republic of Azerbaijan Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a transcontinental and landlocked country at the boundary of West Asia and Eastern Europe. It is a part of the South Caucasus region and is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russi ...

, where they live as a semi-nomadic people. At least six towns in northwestern

Azerbaijan Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a Boundaries between the continents, transcontinental and landlocked country at the boundary of West Asia and Eastern Europe. It is a part of the South Caucasus region and is bounded by ...

and northeastern

have been named after the tribe:

Ayrum Ayrum () is a town and urban community in the Noyemberyan Municipality of the Tavush Province of Armenia, located at a road distance of northeast of the capital Yerevan and north of the provincial capital Ijevan. It is situated on the shore ...

, Mets Ayrum, Bağanis Ayrum, Quşçu Ayrım, Yuxarı Ayrım, Mollaayrım. They predominantly follow the

Shia Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib () as both his political successor (caliph) and as the spiritual leader of the Muslim community (imam). However, his right is understood ...

branch of

Islam Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world ...

. There is no relation between Ayrums and the

Greek Orthodox Greek Orthodox Church (, , ) is a term that can refer to any one of three classes of Christian Churches, each associated in some way with Greek Christianity, Levantine Arabic-speaking Christians or more broadly the rite used in the Eastern Rom ...

Turkic-speaking Urum people. The confusion is rooted in the lack of the Turkic sound "-ı" in

and its consequent representation by "-u". The name Ayrum has various spellings in the English language, such as Eyrum, Eirom and Airom.

Notable Ayrums

* Teymur Khan Ayromlou, General in the Persian Army, father-in-law of Reza Pahlavi *

Tadj ol-Molouk Ayromlou Tâdj ol-Molouk (; 17 March 1896 – 10 March 1982) was Queen of Iran as the second wife of Reza Shah, founder of the Pahlavi dynasty and Shah of Iran between 1925 and 1941. The title she was given after becoming queen means "Crown of the Kings ...

, Queen Consort of Iran, wife of Reza Pahlavi, mother of

Mohammad Reza Pahlavi Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980) was the last List of monarchs of Iran, Shah of Iran, ruling from 1941 to 1979. He succeeded his father Reza Shah and ruled the Imperial State of Iran until he was overthrown by the ...

Mohammad-Hosayn Ayrom Mohammad Hosayn Âyrom () was a senior military leader of the Pahlavi dynasty of Iran during the reign of king Reza Shah (r. 1925–41). He was the nephew of General Teymur Xân Âyromlu and a first cousin of Queen Tâj ol-Moluk Âyromlu. Only ...

, General in the

Persian Cossack Brigade The Persian Cossack Brigade, also known as the Iranian Cossack Brigade (), was a Cossacks, Cossack-style cavalry unit formed in 1879 in Qajar Iran, Iran. It was modelled after the Caucasian Cossack regiments of the Imperial Russian Army. Until 1 ...

* Mahmoud Khan Ayrom, General in the Persian Cossack Brigade * Yusuf Ziya Ayrımlı, Senator of the Republic of Turkey (Kars, June 7, 1964 – October 14, 1979) in the

TBMM The Grand National Assembly of Turkey ( ), usually referred to simply as the GNAT or TBMM, also referred to as , in Turkish, is the unicameral Turkish legislature. It is the sole body given the legislative prerogatives by the Turkish Constitut ...

Şamil Ayrım Şamil Ayrım (born 1950 in Tuzluca, Iğdır, Turkey) is a Turkish politician and member of Turkish Parliament. He is a member of Justice and development party in Turkey and deputy for Istanbul He is ethnically Azerbaijani and is related to C ...

, Member of the

Grand National Assembly of Turkey The Grand National Assembly of Turkey ( ), usually referred to simply as the GNAT or TBMM, also referred to as , in Turkish, is the Unicameralism, unicameral Turkey, Turkish legislature. It is the sole body given the legislative prerogatives by ...

References

Azerbaijani tribes Ethnic groups in Iran Ethnic groups in Azerbaijan Turkomans in Turkey Oghuz tribes {{Iran-stub

History

Notable Ayrums

See also

References