The Persian journal ''Ayandeh'' (

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

: آینده;

DMG DMG may refer to: Organizations Entertainment * DMG Clearances, music licensor in Delaware, USA * DMG Entertainment, a Chinese-based film production and distribution company * DMG Nashville, a brand of Hollywood Records specializing in country musi ...

: Āyandeh;

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Culture, language and peoples * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England * ''English'', an Amish ter ...

: "Future") was founded in Tehran by Mahmud Afshar (1893–1983) in 1925. The monthly journal was published in three issues with 46 numbers in total. The first number goes from June 1925 to March 1928 (24 issues), the second from October 1944 to March 1945 (16 issues) and the third from October 1959 to April 1960 (6 issues). The editor Afshar, who studied

political science Political science is the scientific study of politics. It is a social science dealing with systems of governance and Power (social and political), power, and the analysis of political activities, political philosophy, political thought, polit ...

in Switzerland, wanted to disseminate the Persian language as well as the idea of Iran's national unity in his politically and culturally oriented journal. Articles and poems by over 90 authors took up historical and contemporary topics from politics, economy, education and culture. Seyyed Hasan Taghizade, editor of the journal '' Kaveh'' (1916–1922) was among the well-known authors, as was Hoseyn Kazemzadeh-Iranshahr, editor of the journal ''Iranshahr'' (1922–1927). Up-to-date, historically relevant political documents as well as pictures of renowned politicians and translations of European literature were also published. Due to countless acts of

censorship Censorship is the suppression of speech, public communication, or other information. This may be done on the basis that such material is considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or "inconvenient". Censorship can be conducted by governmen ...

against the press, Ayandeh probably had to be discontinued in 1960.cf. Keivandokht Ghahari (2001): Nationalismus und Modernismus im Iran in der Periode zwischen dem Zerfall der Qāǧāren-Dynastie und der Machtfestigung Reża Schahs. Eine Untersuchung über die intellektuellen Kreise um die Zeitschriften Kāweh, Īrānšahr und Āyandeh, Berlin. After the

Iranian revolution The Iranian Revolution (, ), also known as the 1979 Revolution, or the Islamic Revolution of 1979 (, ) was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. The revolution led to the replacement of the Impe ...

in 1979, Īraǧ Afšār (1925–2011), the son of Mahmud Afshar, republished the journal, now with a more scientific focus, until 1994.

References

Further reading