Avtar Singh Sandhu (9 September 1950 – 23 March 1988), who wrote under the

pen name A pen name or nom-de-plume is a pseudonym (or, in some cases, a variant form of a real name) adopted by an author and printed on the title page or by-line of their works in place of their real name. A pen name may be used to make the author's na ...

Pash, was an Indian poet, one of the major poets in Punjabi of the 1970s. He was killed by Sikh extremists on 23 March 1988. His strongly

left-wing Left-wing politics describes the range of Ideology#Political ideologies, political ideologies that support and seek to achieve social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy either as a whole or of certain social ...

views were reflected in his poetry.

Early life and activism

Pash was born as Avtar Singh Sandhu in 1950 in a small village called Talwandi Salem in

Jalandhar district Jalandhar district is a district in Doaba region of the state of Punjab, India. The district headquarters is the city of Jalandhar. Before the Partition of India, Jalandhar was also the headquarters of the Jalandhar Division, with constituent ...

Punjab, India Punjab () is a States and union territories of India, state in northwestern India. Forming part of the larger Punjab, Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, the state is bordered by the States and union territories of India, Indian states ...

, in a middle-class farmers family. His father Sohan Singh Sandhu was a soldier in the

Indian Army The Indian Army (IA) (ISO 15919, ISO: ) is the Land warfare, land-based branch and largest component of the Indian Armed Forces. The President of India is the Commander-in-Chief, Supreme Commander of the Indian Army, and its professional head ...

who also composed poetry as a hobby. Pash grew up in the midst of the

Naxalite Naxalism is the communist ideology of the Naxalites or Naxals, a grouping of political and insurgent groups from India. It is influenced by Maoist political sentiment and ideology. Inspired by Maoism, Charu Majumdar wrote the Historic Eight ...

movement, a revolutionary movement in India against the landlords, industrialists, traders, etc. who control the means of production. This was in the midst of the

Green revolution The Green Revolution, or the Third Agricultural Revolution, was a period during which technology transfer initiatives resulted in a significant increase in crop yields. These changes in agriculture initially emerged in Developed country , devel ...

which had addressed India's problem of

famine A famine is a widespread scarcity of food caused by several possible factors, including, but not limited to war, natural disasters, crop failure, widespread poverty, an Financial crisis, economic catastrophe or government policies. This phenom ...

using high yield crops, but had also unconsciously led to other forms of inequities in Punjab. In 1970, he published his first book of revolutionary poems, ''Loh-Katha'' (''Iron Tale''), at the age of 18. His militant and provocative tone raised the ire of the establishment and a murder charge was soon brought against him. He spent nearly two years in jail, before being finally acquitted. On acquittal, the 22-year-old became involved in Punjab's

Maoist Maoism, officially Mao Zedong Thought, is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed while trying to realize a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic o ...

front, editing a literary magazine, ''Siarh'' (''The Plow Line'') and in 1973 Pash founded 'Punjabi Sahit Te Sabhiachar Manch' (Punjabi Literature and Culture Forum). He became a popular political figure on the

Left Left may refer to: Music * ''Left'' (Hope of the States album), 2006 * ''Left'' (Monkey House album), 2016 * ''Left'' (Helmet album), 2023 * "Left", a song by Nickelback from the album ''Curb'', 1996 Direction * Left (direction), the relativ ...

during this period and was awarded a fellowship at the Punjabi Academy of Letters in 1985. He ran to the

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and the

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the following year; while in the US, he became involved with the Anti-47 Front, opposing Khalistani violence. His words had a great influence on the minds of the people.

Assassination

At the beginning of 1988 Pash was in

Punjab Punjab (; ; also romanised as Panjāb or Panj-Āb) is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia. It is located in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of modern-day eastern Pakistan and no ...

for the renewal of his visa from the US. A day before leaving for Delhi, however, he was gunned down by three men along with his friend Hans Raj at the well in his village Talwandi Salem on 23 March 1988. Pash deserves all the audience that can come his way. He has paved the way for revolutionaries with his poems finding spaces in protests and marches till date. Pash was assassinated for being a vocal critic of Sikh militant leader

Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale (; born Jarnail Singh Brar; 2 June 1947– 6 June 1984) was a Sikh militant. After Operation Bluestar, he posthumously became the leading figure for the Khalistan movement, although he did not personally advocate for ...

Literary works

*''Loh-katha'' (''Iron-Tale'') (1970), *''Uddade Bazan Magar'' (''Following The Flying Hawks'') (1973), *''Saadey Samiyaan Vich'' (''In Our Times'') (1978), and *''Khilre Hoye Varkey'' (''Scattered pages'') (1989) ''Khilre Hoey Varkey'' was posthumously published in 1989 after his death, followed by his journals and letters. A selection of his poems in Punjabi, ''Inkar'', was published in

Lahore Lahore ( ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of the Administrative units of Pakistan, Pakistani province of Punjab, Pakistan, Punjab. It is the List of cities in Pakistan by population, second-largest city in Pakistan, after Karachi, and ...

in 1997. His poems have been translated in many languages including other Indian languages, Nepali and English. One of Pash's most popular and often cited poems is titled in Hindi Sabse Khatarnak hota hai hamare sapnon ka mar jaana - meaning: ''The most dangerous thing is the demise of our dreams''. In 2005, this poem was included in

NCERT National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) () is an autonomous organisation of Ministry of Education, the Government of India. Established in 1961, it is a literary, scientific and charitable Society under the Societies Re ...

's Hindi book for 11th standard. Poems written by Pash are popular in India, especially in Punjab and

North India North India is a geographical region, loosely defined as a cultural region comprising the northern part of India (or historically, the Indian subcontinent) wherein Indo-Aryans (speaking Indo-Aryan languages) form the prominent majority populati ...

. Recitations of his poems are often carried out, especially on the weekends close to his death anniversary.

In the media

In 2015, Punjabi singer and songwriter Gurvinder Brar released a song entitled "Shiv Di Kitaab" which was about poetry comparison in

Shiv Kumar Batalvi Shiv Kumar Batalvi (23 July 1936 – 6 May 1973) was a Punjabi poet, writer and playwright of the Punjabi language. He was most known for his romantic poetry, noted for its heightened passion, pathos, separation and lover's agony, due to that ...

's and Pash's styles. Couplets from Pash's famous writings were used as references in the song's music video. This song also happened to be the debut music video appearance for Indian actress Shehnaaz Gill. In 2017, Punjabi rapper Kay Kap created a song entitled "My Land Is Tryin" featuring a narrative upon visualizing what must have happened moments before Pash was gunned down. The song lyrics featured a verse in storytelling format about a poet and a farmer discussing the future of Punjab. The single was released on Pash's 29th death anniversary. In 2020, Kay Kap's album ''Rough Rhymes for Tough Times'' featured a song entitled "Ijaad" which had couplets from Pash's poem "Ghaah" in the outro vocals. In 2021, Punjabi singer and songwriter

Sidhu Moose Wala Shubhdeep Singh Sidhu (11 June 199329 May 2022), known professionally as Sidhu Moose Wala, was an Indian singer and rapper. He worked predominantly in Punjabi Music, Punjabi-language music and Punjabi cinema, cinema. Moose Wala is considered t ...

's album ''

Moosetape ''Moosetape'' is the second and final studio album by Indian singer, rapper and songwriter Sidhu Moose Wala, released independently on 15 May 2021. Moose Wala served as the executive producer. Writing was handled by Sidhu dominantly among other ...

'' featured two songs entitled "G-Shit" and "Power". Lyrics of both songs mentioned Pash in a similar manner. Sidhu self-proclaimed himself to be modern-day Pash in terms of vision.

References

External links