Avram Goldstein (3 July 1919 – 1 June 2012) was a professor of pharmacology who was one of the discoverers of

endorphins Endorphins (contracted from endogenous morphine) are chemical signals in the brain that block the perception of pain and increase feelings of wellbeing. They are produced and stored in an area of the brain known as the pituitary gland. Hist ...

and a noted expert on addiction. Goldstein established the Pharmacology Department at

Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine is the medical school of Stanford University and is located in Stanford, California. It traces its roots to the Medical Department of the University of the Pacific, founded in San Francisco in 1858. This ...

. He was awarded the

Franklin Medal The Franklin Medal was a science award presented from 1915 until 1997 by the Franklin Institute located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. It was founded in 1914 by Samuel Insull Samuel Insull (November 11, 1859 – July 16, 1938) was a Bri ...

and was elected to the

National Academy of Sciences The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a United States nonprofit, non-governmental organization. NAS is part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, along with the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and the Nat ...

. He was an atheist.

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Goldstein, Avram 1919 births 2012 deaths American atheists American pharmacologists Stanford University School of Medicine faculty Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences Members of the National Academy of Medicine Recipients of Franklin Medal