''Austrocochlea constricta'',

common name In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism (also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, country name, popular name, or farmer's name) is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; and is often contra ...

s the southern periwinkle, common periwinkle, or ribbon monodonta, is a

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...

of sea snail, a

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is es ...

in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Trochidae The Trochidae, common name top-snails or top-shells, are a family of various sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subclass Vetigastropoda. This family is commonly known as the top-snails because in many species the shell resembles ...

, the top snails.Bouchet, P. (2012). ''Austrocochlea constricta'' (Lamarck, 1822). Accessed through:

World Register of Marine Species The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive list of names of marine organisms. Content The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scientific speciali ...

at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=546938 on 2012-11-23

Description

The height of the shell varies between 15 mm and 32 mm, its diameter between 22 mm and 28 mm. The thick, solid shell is imperforate. Its color is a lusterless ashen or whitish, obscurely marked with black zigzag lines and stripes, or with spiral articulated zones or with spiral stripes of black. Sometimes it is nearly unicolored. The

spire A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spires are ...

is conical with an acute

apex The apex is the highest point of something. The word may also refer to: Arts and media Fictional entities * Apex (comics), a teenaged super villainess in the Marvel Universe * Ape-X, a super-intelligent ape in the Squadron Supreme universe *Apex, ...

. The about five

whorl A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs). Whorls in nature File:Photograph and axial plane flo ...

s are convex. The first one is eroded, the penultimate is very strongly spirally tricostate. The body whorl has about seven strong carinae. The

aperture In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane. An ...

is oblique. The outer and basal

lip The lips are the visible body part at the mouth of many animals, including humans. Lips are soft, movable, and serve as the opening for food intake and in the articulation of sound and speech. Human lips are a tactile sensory organ, and can be ...

s are either thick and multilirate within, or rather thin and slightly furrowed at the places of the principal carinae. The short

columella Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (; Arabic: , 4 – ) was a prominent writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire. His ' in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture, together with the ...

is oblique, subdentate at its base and at the insertion spreading in a strong callus upon the parietal wall.Tryon (1889), Manual of Conchology XI, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia
(described as ''Monodonta (Austrocochlea) constricta'')

Distribution

This marine species is

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found els ...

to Australia and occurs off

New South Wales ) , nickname = , image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , es ...

South Australia South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a state in the southern central part of Australia. It covers some of the most arid parts of the country. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories ...

Tasmania ) , nickname = , image_map = Tasmania in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Tasmania in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdi ...

Victoria Victoria most commonly refers to: * Victoria (Australia), a state of the Commonwealth of Australia * Victoria, British Columbia, provincial capital of British Columbia, Canada * Victoria (mythology), Roman goddess of Victory * Victoria, Seychelle ...

and

Western Australia Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to ...

References

* Dillwyn, L.W. 1817. ''A descriptive catalogue of Recent shells, arranged according to the Linnaean method; with particular attention to the synonymy''. London : John and Arthur Arch 2 volumes 1092 + 29 pp. * Menke, K.T. 1829. ''Verzeichniss der ansehnlischen Conchylien-Sammlung der Freiherrn von der Malsburg''. Pyrmonti : Publisher not known pp. i-vi, 1-123 * Quoy, J.R. & Gaimard, J.P. 1834. ''Voyage de Découvertes de l'Astrolabe exécuté par Ordre du Roi, Pendant les Années 1826-1829''. Paris : J. Tastu Zoologie Vol. 3 366 pp. * Adams, A. 1853. ''Contributions towards a monograph of the Trochidae, a family of gastropodous Mollusca''. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1851(19): 150-192 * Chenu, J.C. 1859. ''Manual de Conchyliologie et de Paléontologie Conchyliologique''. Paris : V. Masson Vol. 1 i-vii, 508 pp * Tenison-Woods, J.E. 1877. ''Census; with brief descriptions of the marine shells of Tasmania and the adjacent islands''. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1877: 3-34 * Fischer, P. 1878. ''Genres Calcar, Trochus, Xenophora, Tectarius et Risella. pp. 241-336'' in Keiner, L.C. (ed.). Spécies general et iconographie des coquilles vivantes. Paris : J.B. Baillière Vol. 11. * Pritchard, G.B. & Gatliff, J.H. 1902. ''Catalogue of the marine shells of Victoria. Part V''. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 14(2): 85-138 * Hedley, C. 1917. ''Studies on Australian Mollusca. Part XIII''. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 41: 680-719 * Cotton, B.C. & Godfrey, F.K. 1934. ''South Australian Shells. Part 13''. South Australian Naturalist 1 16: 1-6 * Cotton, B.C. 1959. ''South Australian Mollusca. Archaeogastropoda''. Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia. Adelaide : South Australian Government Printer 449 pp. * Macpherson, J.H. 1962. ''Trochus obtusa confu''sion. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria 25: 173-176 * Iredale, T. & McMichael, D.F. 1962. ''A reference list of the marine Mollusca of New South Wales''. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 11: 1-109 * Ludbrook, N.H. 1978. ''Quaternary molluscs of the western part of the Eucla Basin''. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Western Australia 125: 1-286 * Wilson, B. 1993. ''Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods''. Kallaroo, Western Australia : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 1 408 pp

External links

Antarctic Invertebrates

Barcode of Life (1 barcode)

Biodiversity Heritage Library (11 publications)

Encyclopedia of Life

GenBank (26 nucleotides; 12 proteins)

USNM Invertebrate Zoology Mollusca Collection

World Register of Marine Species
* {{Taxonbar, from=Q4825613 constricta Gastropods of Australia Gastropods described in 1822