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Aulla is a ''
comune The (; plural: ) is a local administrative division of Italy, roughly equivalent to a township or municipality. It is the third-level administrative division of Italy, after regions ('' regioni'') and provinces ('' province''). The can ...
'' in the
province of Massa and Carrara The province of Massa-Carrara ( it, provincia di Massa-Carrara) is a province in the Tuscany region of central Italy. It is named after the provincial capital Massa, and Carrara, the other main town in the province. History The province of "Ma ...
,
Tuscany it, Toscano (man) it, Toscana (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = Citizenship , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = Italian , demogra ...
, central Italy. It is located in the valley of the River Magra.


Geology

In 1977, the Italian geologist Augusto Azzaroli discovered a series of mammal rests with a correlated
fauna Fauna is all of the animal life present in a particular region or time. The corresponding term for plants is ''flora'', and for fungi, it is '' funga''. Flora, fauna, funga and other forms of life are collectively referred to as ''biota''. Zoo ...
in the adjacent locality of
Olivola Olivola ( pms, Aulìvola) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, about east of Turin and about northwest of Alessandria. Olivola borders the municipalities of Casorzo, Frassinello Monferra ...
. The so-called Olivola Conglomerates dated back to the late
Villafranchian Villafranchian age ( ) is a period of geologic time (3.5–1.0 Ma) spanning the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene used more specifically with European Land Mammal Ages. Named by Italian geologist Lorenzo Pareto for a sequence of terrestria ...
age (1.0 to 3.5 million years ago). In the following year, a first level of continental sedimentary remains was found at a depth of 250 metres, with the following archaic tree species: ''
Taxodium ''Taxodium'' is a genus of one to three species (depending on taxonomic opinion) of extremely flood-tolerant conifers in the cypress family, Cupressaceae. The generic name is derived from the Latin word ''taxus'', meaning "yew", and the Greek ...
'', ''Sequoia'', ''
Magnolia ''Magnolia'' is a large genus of about 210 to 340The number of species in the genus ''Magnolia'' depends on the taxonomic view that one takes up. Recent molecular and morphological research shows that former genera ''Talauma'', ''Dugandiodendro ...
'', '' Symplocos'' and ''
Sapotaceae 240px, '' Madhuca longifolia'' var. ''latifolia'' in Narsapur, Medak district, India The Sapotaceae are a family (biology), family of flowering plants belonging to the order (biology), order Ericales. The family includes about 800 species of ev ...
''. In Europe, these species are usually dated to the pre-
Pleistocene The Pleistocene ( , often referred to as the '' Ice age'') is the geological epoch that lasted from about 2,580,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was finally confirmed ...
(over 2.5 million years ago). Their presence confirmed the hypothesis of a temperate to warm climate.
Deer Deer or true deer are hoofed ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae. The two main groups of deer are the Cervinae, including the muntjac, the elk (wapiti), the red deer, and the fallow deer; and the Capreolinae, including the ...
fossils have also been found in Aulla, from the '' Procaproleus causanus'' and '' Pseudodama pardinensis lyra'' species which in the Western Europe "are characteristic of the mammal assemblages of the Early
Villafranchian Villafranchian age ( ) is a period of geologic time (3.5–1.0 Ma) spanning the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene used more specifically with European Land Mammal Ages. Named by Italian geologist Lorenzo Pareto for a sequence of terrestria ...
age are relatively common in Italy.


History

Traces of Roman Empire">Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD * Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lett ...
and Etruscan civilizations found in the church of the Abbey of San Caprasio, Aulla, Abbey of San Caprasio indicate that there were settlements in Aulla long before the 8th century CE, when margrave Adalbert I of Tuscany founded a village and built a castle to accommodate pilgrims traveling the
via Francigena The Via Francigena () is an ancient road and pilgrimage route running from the cathedral city of Canterbury in England, through France and Switzerland, to Rome and then to Apulia, Italy, where there were ports of embarkation for the Holy Land. It w ...
. Here, at ''Aguilla'' Sigeric, Archbishop of Canterbury, sojourned on his return journey from
Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus ( legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...
about 990. The Malaspina family wrested feudal power of the city and its ''contada'' from the domination of the bishops and dukes of Luni. In 1543 the Centurione family purchased it. They built the , which was bought in the early 20th century by Aubrey and
Lina Waterfield Caroline Lucie 'Lina' Waterfield OBE (16 August 1874 – 27 November 1964)Lunigiana The Lunigiana () is a historical territory of Italy, which today falls within the provinces of Massa Carrara, Tuscany, and La Spezia, Liguria. Its borders derive from the ancient Roman settlement, later the medieval diocese of Luni, which no long ...
region. One of the most important buildings of the town is the Abbey of San Caprasio that was founded in the 9th century and named after Saint
Caprasius of Lérins Saint Caprasius, sometimes Caprasius of Lérins ( fr , Caprais; died 430), was a hermit who lived in Lérins, Provence. Caprasius was born sometime in the fourth century in Gaul. He came from a rich and distinguished family, but gave up great ...
, whose body was transferred to Aulla in the 10th century. In 1943, the historic center of Aulla was destroyed by Anglo-American bombings aimed at German troops stationed there during the
Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
. By the end of the war large sections of the city were obliterated by Anglo-American bombings which sought to destroy the town's key railroad network and gunpowder manufacturing plant. A replica of an unexploded bomb is preserved in the former abbey of San Caprasio, which is now a museum. In April 1945 the
442nd Infantry Regiment (United States) The 442nd Infantry Regiment ( ja, 第442歩兵連隊) was an infantry regiment of the United States Army. The regiment is best known as the most decorated in U.S. military history and as a fighting unit composed almost entirely of second-gene ...
, aided by a significantly strong Italian partisan fighting force, liberated the city of Aulla, after fierce battles with retreating German troops. On 8 April 2020, a 260 metre long road bridge at Albiano Magra near Aulla collapsed into the River Magra. The traffic on the bridge was unusually light due to the
coronavirus lockdown Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a number of non-pharmaceutical interventions colloquially known as lockdowns (encompassing stay-at-home orders, curfews, quarantines, and similar societal restrictions) have been implemented in numerous countrie ...
then in force, and the collapse resulted in only minor injuries to two casualties.


Sister cities

* Villerupt, France


References


External links


Official website
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