Augustin Marlorat
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Augustin Marlorat du Pasquier (Augustinus Marloratus) (1506 - 31 October 1562) was a French
Protestant Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes Justification (theology), justification of sinners Sola fide, through faith alone, the teaching that Salvation in Christianity, salvation comes by unmerited Grace in Christianity, divin ...
reformer, executed on a
treason Treason is the crime of attacking a state (polity), state authority to which one owes allegiance. This typically includes acts such as participating in a war against one's native country, attempting to Coup d'état, overthrow its government, spy ...
charge.


Life

He was born at
Bar-le-Duc Bar-le-Duc (), formerly known as Bar, is a commune in the Meuse département, of which it is the capital. The department is in Grand Est in northeastern France. The lower, more modern and busier part of the town extends along a narrow valley, ...
about 1506. At the age of eight he was placed in an Augustinian monastery, where he took the vows and was ordained priest in 1524. Nine years later he was abbot of a monastery at
Bourges Bourges ( ; ; ''Borges'' in Berrichon) is a commune in central France on the river Yèvre (Cher), Yèvre. It is the capital of the Departments of France, department of Cher (department), Cher, and also was the capital city of the former provin ...
, but, becoming indoctrinated with the principles of Protestantism, he left France in 1535 and took refuge in
Geneva Geneva ( , ; ) ; ; . is the List of cities in Switzerland, second-most populous city in Switzerland and the most populous in French-speaking Romandy. Situated in the southwest of the country, where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva, it is the ca ...
, where he worked as a proof-reader for Greek and Hebrew. At the recommendation of
Pierre Viret Pierre Viret (1509/1510 – 4 April 1571) was a Swiss Reformed theologian, evangelist and Protestant reformer. Early life Pierre Viret was born in 1509 or 1510 in Orbe, then in the Barony of Vaud, now in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland. He ...
he was appointed to a pastorate in Grissier near
Lausanne Lausanne ( , ; ; ) is the capital and largest List of towns in Switzerland, city of the Swiss French-speaking Cantons of Switzerland, canton of Vaud, in Switzerland. It is a hilly city situated on the shores of Lake Geneva, about halfway bet ...
, and there married. From Grissier he was called to
Vevey Vevey (; ; ) is a town in Switzerland in the Vaud, canton of Vaud, on the north shore of Lake Leman, near Lausanne. The German name Vivis is no longer commonly used. It was the seat of the Vevey (district), district of the same name until 200 ...
, where he remained until 1559. The dismissal of Viret in the controversy on
excommunication Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community or to restrict certain rights within it, in particular those of being in Koinonia, communion with other members o ...
, however, led Marlorat, who approved the rigidly
Calvinistic Reformed Christianity, also called Calvinism, is a major branch of Protestantism that began during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. In the modern day, it is largely represented by the Continental Reformed Christian, Presbyterian, ...
procedure, to resign, and after a brief time in Geneva he was sent in July to Paris as pastor of the Evangelical congregation there. After a year he accepted a call to
Rouen Rouen (, ; or ) is a city on the River Seine, in northwestern France. It is in the prefecture of Regions of France, region of Normandy (administrative region), Normandy and the Departments of France, department of Seine-Maritime. Formerly one ...
as first preacher, where Protestants were still struggling to secure the right to hold public services. On the accession of
Charles IX of France Charles IX (Charles Maximilien; 27 June 1550 – 30 May 1574) was List of French monarchs, King of France from 1560 until his death in 1574. He ascended the French throne upon the death of his brother Francis II of France, Francis II in 1560, an ...
in December 1560, they addressed a petition, written by Marlorat, to the parliament and the king, requesting permission to use a church. The petition was refused, but the Protestants of Rouen felt themselves able to defy the edict of 25 July 1561, and hold their services in the halls of the ancient tower. Marlorat likewise addressed a printed petition to Catharine de' Medici, in which he asserted the loyalty of the Protestants, and in August of the same year he was summoned to the
Colloquy at Poissy The Colloquy at Poissy was a religious conference which took place in Poissy, France, in 1561. Its object was to effect a reconciliation between the Roman Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots) of France. The conference was opened on 9 September i ...
. In debates there with the doctors of the Sorbonne, in January 1562, on images and
baptism Baptism (from ) is a Christians, Christian sacrament of initiation almost invariably with the use of water. It may be performed by aspersion, sprinkling or affusion, pouring water on the head, or by immersion baptism, immersing in water eit ...
, he was one of the three spokesmen of the Protestants. Returning to Rouen, Marlorat presided over the provincial synod held on 25 January 1562. After the massacre at Vassy on 1 March 1562, the Protestants of Rouen planned to seize their city. On the night of 15 April they carried out their purpose, and Marlorat was appointed one of the three heads of the new government, which still professed to be loyal to the king. Rouen was speedily fortified, and on 27 May the city was invested by an army under the command of the Duc d'Aumale, who, however, was forced to retire on 12 June. On 29 September a second force led by Charles himself,
Anthony of Navarre Antoine (, , 22 April 1518 – 17 November 1562), sometimes called Antoine of Bourbon, was King of Navarre from 1555 until his death in 1562 as the husband and co-ruler of Queen Jeanne III. He was the first monarch of the House of Bourbon, of wh ...
, and others appeared before the city. Rouen was gradually reduced, but Montgomery, who commanded the besieged, like Marlorat, would accept no terms which did not include free exercise of the Protestant religion, and on 26 October the city was carried by storm. Marlorat and his family were captured and imprisoned. Three days later he was tried before the parliament on a charge of
high treason Treason is the crime of attacking a state authority to which one owes allegiance. This typically includes acts such as participating in a war against one's native country, attempting to overthrow its government, spying on its military, its d ...
, and on 30 October was condemned to be executed in front of the church in which he had preached. The sentence was carried out on the following day.


Works

The chief works of Marlorat were: *''Novi Testamenti catholica expositio ecclesiastica'' (Geneva, 1561); *similar commentaries on Genesis (1561), the Psalms, and the Song of Solomon (1562); *posthumous commentaries on Isaiah (1564) and Job (1585); *a concordance, ''Thesaurus in locos communes rerum dogmatum ... et phraseon ... ordine alphabetico digestus'' (ed. W. Fenguereius, London, 1574).
Robert Estienne Robert I Estienne (; 15037 September 1559), known as ''Robertus Stephanus'' in Latin and sometimes referred to as ''Robert Stephens'', was a 16th-century printer in Paris. He was the proprietor of the Estienne print shop after the death of his f ...
had proposed to publish new Biblical commentaries by Marlorat. :fr:s:Biographie universelle ancienne et moderne/ESTIENNE (Robert Ier) English translations were made of his commentary on Mark and Luke by Thomas Tymme (London, 1583), on John by the same (1575), on II and III John by
Nathaniel Baxter Nathaniel Baxter ( ''fl''. 1569–1606) was an English clergyman and poet. In earlier life tutor to Sir Philip Sidney, and interested in the manner of Sidney's circle in literature and Ramist logic, he became more sternly religious in his opinions ...
(1578?), and on Revelation by
Arthur Golding Arthur Golding (May 1606) was an English translator of more than 30 works from Latin into English. While primarily remembered today for his translation of Ovid's ''Metamorphoses'' because of its influence on William Shakespeare's works, in h ...
(1574). Marlorat also prepared the index to the ''Institutio'' of John Calvin, which later formed an integral portion of the work.


Notes


References

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External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Marlorat, Augustin 1506 births 1562 deaths French Protestants Huguenots