Jean-Baptiste "Auguste" Chauveau ForMemRS (; 23 November 1827 – 4 January 1917) was a French professor of physiology and

veterinarian A veterinarian (vet) or veterinary surgeon is a medical professional who practices veterinary medicine. They manage a wide range of health conditions and injuries in non-human animals. Along with this, veterinarians also play a role in animal r ...

. He contributed to the development of techniques in cardiac catheterization.

Life

Born in Villeneuve-la-Guyard, the son of a blacksmith, he received his education at the École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort and the École Nationale Vétérinaire de

Lyon Lyon (Franco-Provençal: ''Liyon'') is a city in France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of the French Alps, southeast of Paris, north of Marseille, southwest of Geneva, Switzerland, north ...

. At the age of 21 he joined the staff at the latter institution, where in 1875 he became the school's director. In 1886, he was appointed professor of comparative

pathology Pathology is the study of disease. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when used in the context of modern medical treatme ...

at the

Muséum national d'histoire naturelle The French National Museum of Natural History ( ; abbr. MNHN) is the national natural history museum of France and a of higher education part of Sorbonne University. The main museum, with four galleries, is located in Paris, France, within the Ja ...

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

. Throughout his career Chauveau conducted investigations in the fields of

microbiology Microbiology () is the branches of science, scientific study of microorganisms, those being of unicellular organism, unicellular (single-celled), multicellular organism, multicellular (consisting of complex cells), or non-cellular life, acellula ...

virology Virology is the Scientific method, scientific study of biological viruses. It is a subfield of microbiology that focuses on their detection, structure, classification and evolution, their methods of infection and exploitation of host (biology), ...

biochemistry Biochemistry, or biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. A sub-discipline of both chemistry and biology, biochemistry may be divided into three fields: structural biology, enzymology, a ...

, muscle

thermodynamics Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with heat, Work (thermodynamics), work, and temperature, and their relation to energy, entropy, and the physical properties of matter and radiation. The behavior of these quantities is governed b ...

and

cardiology Cardiology () is the study of the heart. Cardiology is a branch of medicine that deals with disorders of the heart and the cardiovascular system. The field includes medical diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart defects, coronary artery di ...

. With Étienne-Jules Marey (1830–1904), he performed important studies involving the different phases of the cardiac cycle and intracardiac pressure. In 1867 he made decisive experiments on the transmission of

tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB), also known colloquially as the "white death", or historically as consumption, is a contagious disease usually caused by ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can al ...

and his work affected

public health Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals". Analyzing the de ...

regulations. He had a role in the invention of cardiac catheterization. He attracted the ire of a number of anti- vivisection writers for his experiments on animals at the turn of the twentieth century.Vivisection in America, by Albert Leffingwell
Animal-rights-library.com. Retrieved on 2012-04-30. The bacterial species '' Clostridium chauvoei'' is named after him. He was the author of ''Traité d'anatomie comparée des animaux domestiques'', a work that was published in English as ''The comparative anatomy of the domesticated animals''. Also, he collaborated with Charles-Joseph Bouchard (1837–1915) in the founding of the ''Journal de Physiologie et de Pathologie Générale''.

Works

References

External links

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association- 1917
(biography)

List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature, ''Clostridium chauvoei''
Appareils et experiences cardiographiques
(1862) 1827 births 1917 deaths French veterinarians French physiologists People from Yonne Members of the French Academy of Sciences Foreign members of the Royal Society {{France-med-bio-stub