Johann Baptist August Cramer (10 November 1860 – 5 September 1912) was a Swiss-German

neuropathologist Neuropathology is the study of disease of nervous system tissue, usually in the form of either small surgical biopsies or whole-body autopsies. Neuropathologists usually work in a department of anatomic pathology, but work closely with the cli ...

and

psychiatrist A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in psychiatry. Psychiatrists are physicians who evaluate patients to determine whether their symptoms are the result of a physical illness, a combination of physical and mental ailments or strictly ...

who was a native of the canton St. Gallen. He studied medicine in

Marburg Marburg (; ) is a college town, university town in the States of Germany, German federal state () of Hesse, capital of the Marburg-Biedenkopf Districts of Germany, district (). The town area spreads along the valley of the river Lahn and has ...

and

Freiburg Freiburg im Breisgau or simply Freiburg is the List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population, fourth-largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg after Stuttgart, Mannheim and Karlsruhe. Its built-up area has a population of abou ...

, earning his medical doctorate in 1887. In 1889 be began work at a mental asylum in

Eberswalde Eberswalde () is a major town and the administrative seat of the district Barnim in Brandenburg in north-eastern Germany, about northeast of Berlin. Population 42,144 (census in June 2005). The town is often called Waldstadt (forest town), beca ...

, and in 1895 received his habilitation in

psychiatry Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of deleterious mental disorder, mental conditions. These include matters related to cognition, perceptions, Mood (psychology), mood, emotion, and behavior. ...

at the

University of Göttingen The University of Göttingen, officially the Georg August University of Göttingen (, commonly referred to as Georgia Augusta), is a Public university, public research university in the city of Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany. Founded in 1734 ...

, where he subsequently became a professor and director of the psychiatric clinic. At

Göttingen Göttingen (, ; ; ) is a college town, university city in Lower Saxony, central Germany, the Capital (political), capital of Göttingen (district), the eponymous district. The River Leine runs through it. According to the 2022 German census, t ...

he helped establish the ''Provinzial-Jugendheim'', an institution for treatment and education of psychopathic youth. Cramer published numerous essays on

clinical psychiatry Clinical psychology is an integration of human science, behavioral science, theory, and clinical knowledge for the purpose of understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically-based distress or Mental disorder, dysfunction and to promote ...

, brain

pathology Pathology is the study of disease. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when used in the context of modern medical treatme ...

pathological anatomy Anatomical pathology (''Commonwealth'') or anatomic pathology (''U.S.'') is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the gross examination, macroscopic, Histopathology, microscopic, biochemical, immu ...

, et al. Among his better known books were a treatise on

forensic psychiatry Forensic psychiatry is a subspecialty of psychiatry and is related to criminology. It encompasses the interface between law and psychiatry. According to the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, it is defined as "a subspecialty of psychiatr ...

titled ''Gerichtliche Psychiatrie. Ein Leitfaden für Mediziner und Juristen'', and a textbook of nervous disorders in children that he co-authored with

Ludwig Bruns Ludwig Bruns (25 June 1858 – 9 November 1916) was a German neurologist who was a native of Hanover. He studied medicine in Göttingen (since 1878: member of Corps Hannovera Göttingen) and Munich, receiving his doctorate in 1882. Subsequently, ...

(1858–1916) and Theodor Ziehen (1862–1950) called ''Handbuch der Nervenkrankheiten im Kindesalter''.

References

Pagel: Biographical Dictionary
(translated biography)

Child & Adolescent Psychiatry- University of Göttingen

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Cramer, August 1912 deaths 1860 births German psychiatrists Academic staff of the University of Göttingen People from the canton of St. Gallen Neuropathologists