August Bachmann on:
[Wikipedia]
[Google]
[Amazon]
Augustus Quirinus Rivinus (9 December 1652 – 20 December 1723), also known as August Bachmann or A. Q. Bachmann, was a German physician and
Rivinus was born in Leipzig, Germany, and studied at the University of Leipzig (1669–1671), continued his studies in the University of Helmstedt (where he received M.D. in 1676). In 1677, he started lecturing in medicine at the University of Leipzig, in 1691 appointed to two chairs, that of physiology and of botany, and made the curator of the University medical garden. In 1701, he became professor of pathology, in 1719, professor of therapeutics and permanent dean of the Faculty of Medicine. The same year he became a Fellow of the Royal Society. Because of his interest also in astronomy, by the last decade of his life (around 1713), Rivinus was nearly completely blind from looking at sunspots. He died in Leipzig.
In his ''Introductio generalis in rem herbariam'' and three books on the plant orders (which comprised but a small part of the whole projected work on a methodical description of plants), Rivinus introduced several important innovations which were later used by other botanists ( Joseph Pitton de Tournefort and Carl Linnaeus among them). He classified the plants according to the structure of the flower. Like
Digital edition
b
Beic Digital Library
*''Ordo Plantarum qvae sunt Flore Irregulari Monopetalo.'' Lipsiae: Typis Christoph. Fleischeri, 1690. 22 + p. + 124 tab
Digital edition
b
Beic Digital Library
*''Ordo Plantarum qvae sunt Flore Irregulari Tetrapetalo.'' Lipsiae: Typis Christoph. Fleischeri, 1691. + 20 + p. + 121 tab. *''Ordo Plantarum qvae sunt Flore Irregulari Pentapetalo.'' Lipsiae: Typis Joh. Heinrici Richteri, 1699. + 28 + p. + 139 tab
Digital edition
b
Beic Digital Library
*''D.A.Q.R. ad celeberrimum virum dominum Johan. Rajum... Epistola'' Lipsiae: Prostat apud Davidem Fleisherum, 1694. 24 p. *''Censura medicamentorum officinalium.'' Lipsiae, J. Fritsch, 1701 *''Manuductio ad Chemiam pharmaceuticam'' Norimbergae, Tauber, 171
Digital edition
by the
* ''Rivinus’ ligament'': also known as
Augustus Quirinus Rivinus (9 December 1652 – 20 December 1723), also known as August Bachmann or A. Q. Bachmann, was a German physician and botanist
Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek wo ...
who helped to develop better ways of classifying plants.
Life and work
Rivinus was born in Leipzig, Germany, and studied at the University of Leipzig (1669–1671), continued his studies in the University of Helmstedt (where he received M.D. in 1676). In 1677, he started lecturing in medicine at the University of Leipzig, in 1691 appointed to two chairs, that of physiology and of botany, and made the curator of the University medical garden. In 1701, he became professor of pathology, in 1719, professor of therapeutics and permanent dean of the Faculty of Medicine. The same year he became a Fellow of the Royal Society. Because of his interest also in astronomy, by the last decade of his life (around 1713), Rivinus was nearly completely blind from looking at sunspots. He died in Leipzig.
In his ''Introductio generalis in rem herbariam'' and three books on the plant orders (which comprised but a small part of the whole projected work on a methodical description of plants), Rivinus introduced several important innovations which were later used by other botanists ( Joseph Pitton de Tournefort and Carl Linnaeus among them). He classified the plants according to the structure of the flower. Like John Ray
John Ray FRS (29 November 1627 – 17 January 1705) was a Christian English naturalist widely regarded as one of the earliest of the English parson-naturalists. Until 1670, he wrote his name as John Wray. From then on, he used 'Ray', after ...
he extensively used dichotomous keys which led first to the higher groups, which he called higher genera ''(genus summum)'' of plant orders ''(ordo)'', and then to the lower genera.
Along with Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, Rivinus was the first to apply consistently the rule that the names of all species in a genus should start with the same word (generic name). If a genus contained just one species, the generic name would be its only name. If there were more than one species in the genus, their names should consist of the generic name followed by ''differentia specifica'' (a brief diagnostic phrase). His nomenclature differed from de Tournefort's in not using a diagnostic phrase with the first plant of a genus, adding ''differentiae'' only to the second and subsequent plant species. He corresponded with John Ray
John Ray FRS (29 November 1627 – 17 January 1705) was a Christian English naturalist widely regarded as one of the earliest of the English parson-naturalists. Until 1670, he wrote his name as John Wray. From then on, he used 'Ray', after ...
on matters of plant classification.
Principal works
*''Introductio generalis in rem herbariam.'' Lipsiae Leipzig: Typis Christoph. Güntheri, 1690. + 39 pDigital edition
b
Beic Digital Library
*''Ordo Plantarum qvae sunt Flore Irregulari Monopetalo.'' Lipsiae: Typis Christoph. Fleischeri, 1690. 22 + p. + 124 tab
Digital edition
b
Beic Digital Library
*''Ordo Plantarum qvae sunt Flore Irregulari Tetrapetalo.'' Lipsiae: Typis Christoph. Fleischeri, 1691. + 20 + p. + 121 tab. *''Ordo Plantarum qvae sunt Flore Irregulari Pentapetalo.'' Lipsiae: Typis Joh. Heinrici Richteri, 1699. + 28 + p. + 139 tab
Digital edition
b
Beic Digital Library
*''D.A.Q.R. ad celeberrimum virum dominum Johan. Rajum... Epistola'' Lipsiae: Prostat apud Davidem Fleisherum, 1694. 24 p. *''Censura medicamentorum officinalium.'' Lipsiae, J. Fritsch, 1701 *''Manuductio ad Chemiam pharmaceuticam'' Norimbergae, Tauber, 171
Digital edition
by the
University and State Library Düsseldorf
The University and State Library Düsseldorf (german: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of th ...
Associated eponyms
* ''notch of Rivinus'': a notch in the upper part of the tympanic portion of the temporal bone* ''Rivinus’ ligament'': also known as
Shrapnell's membrane
In human anatomy, the pars flaccida of tympanic membrane or Shrapnell's membrane (also known as Rivinus' ligament) is the small, triangular, flaccid portion of the tympanic membrane, or eardrum. It lies above the malleolar folds attached directly ...
; the flaccid portion of the tympanic membrane.
* '' Viola riviniana'': a species of violet; its popular name is the common dog violet.
* Ducts of Rivinus: The collective name for the minor sublingual salivary ducts.
* '' Rivina'', a genus of flowering plants in the pokeweed family, Phytolaccaceae.
See also
* Joseph Pitton de Tournefort *John Ray
John Ray FRS (29 November 1627 – 17 January 1705) was a Christian English naturalist widely regarded as one of the earliest of the English parson-naturalists. Until 1670, he wrote his name as John Wray. From then on, he used 'Ray', after ...
* Carl Linnaeus
References
Further reading
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Rivinus, Augustus Quirinus 1652 births 1723 deaths Physicians from Leipzig People from the Electorate of Saxony 17th-century German botanists 17th-century German physicians 18th-century German physicians 18th-century German botanists University of Helmstedt alumni Leipzig University alumni Leipzig University faculty 17th-century German writers 17th-century German male writers 18th-century German writers 18th-century German male writers Scientists from Leipzig