This is a list of notable

programming language A programming language is a system of notation for writing computer programs. Most programming languages are text-based formal languages, but they may also be graphical. They are a kind of computer language. The description of a programming l ...

s optimized for

sound production Sound production may refer to: *Audio engineering *Creation of sound through speech, using a musical instrument, etc. *Record production *Sound design Sound design is the art and practice of creating sound tracks for a variety of needs. It involve ...

algorithmic composition Algorithmic composition is the technique of using algorithms to create music. Algorithms (or, at the very least, formal sets of rules) have been used to compose music for centuries; the procedures used to plot voice-leading in Western counterp ...

, and sound synthesis. * ABC notation, a language for notating music using the ASCII character set * ChucK, strongly timed, concurrent, and on-the-fly audio programming language * Real-time Cmix, a MUSIC-N synthesis language somewhat similar to Csound * Common Lisp Music (CLM), a music synthesis and signal processing package in the Music V family *

Csound Csound is a domain-specific computer programming language for audio programming. It is called Csound because it is written in C, as opposed to some of its predecessors. It is free software, available under the LGPL-2.1-or-later. Csound was ...

, a MUSIC-N synthesis language released under the LGPL with many available unit generators * Extempore, a live-coding environment which borrows a core foundation from the

Impromptu An impromptu (, , loosely meaning "offhand") is a free-form musical composition with the character of an '' ex tempore'' improvisation as if prompted by the spirit of the moment, usually for a solo instrument, such as piano. According to ''Allgem ...

environment *

FAUST Faust is the protagonist of a classic German folklore, German legend based on the historical Johann Georg Faust ( 1480–1540). The wiktionary:erudite, erudite Faust is highly successful yet dissatisfied with his life, which leads him to make a ...

, Functional Audio Stream, a functional compiled language for efficient real-time audio signal processing
GLICOL
a graph-oriented live coding language written in Rust * Hierarchical Music Specification Language (HMSL), optimized more for music than synthesis, developed in the 1980s in

Forth Forth or FORTH may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''forth'' magazine, an Internet magazine * ''Forth'' (album), by The Verve, 2008 * ''Forth'', a 2011 album by Proto-Kaw * Radio Forth, a group of independent local radio stations in Scotla ...

, a Scheme language environment for

Mac OS X macOS (; previously OS X and originally Mac OS X) is a Unix operating system developed and marketed by Apple Inc. since 2001. It is the primary operating system for Apple's Mac computers. Within the market of desktop and lapt ...

capable of sound and video synthesis, algorithmic composition, and 2D and 3D graphics programming * Ixi lang, a programming language for live coding musical expression. * JFugue, a Java and JVM library for programming music that outputs to MIDI and has the ability to convert to formats including ABC Notation, Lilypond, and MusicXML * jMusic * JSyn *

Kyma (sound design language) Kyma is a visual programming language for sound design used by musicians, researchers, and sound designers. In Kyma, a user programs a multiprocessor DSP by graphically connecting modules on the screen of a Macintosh or Windows computer. Backgroun ...

* LilyPond, a computer program and file format for music engraving. *

Max/MSP Max, also known as Max/MSP/Jitter, is a visual programming language for music and multimedia developed and maintained by San Francisco-based software company Cycling '74. Over its more than thirty-year history, it has been used by composers, pe ...

, a proprietary, modular visual programming language aimed at sound synthesis for music * Music Macro Language (MML), often used to produce chiptune music in Japan * MUSIC-N, includes versions I, II, III, IV, IV-B, IV-BF, V, 11, and 360 * Nyquist * OpenMusic * Orca (music programming language) *

Pure Data Pure Data (Pd) is a visual programming language developed by Miller Puckette in the 1990s for creating interactive computer music and multimedia works. While Puckette is the main author of the program, Pd is an open-source software, open-source ...

, a modular visual programming language for signal processing aimed at music creation * Reaktor * Sonic Pi *

Structured Audio Orchestra Language Structured Audio Orchestra Language (SAOL) is an imperative, MUSIC-N programming language designed for describing virtual instruments, processing digital audio, and applying sound effects. It was published as subpart 5 of MPEG-4 Part 3 (ISO/IEC ...

(SAOL), part of the MPEG-4 Structured Audio standard *

SuperCollider A particle accelerator is a machine that uses electromagnetic fields to propel charged particles to very high speeds and energies, and to contain them in well-defined beams. Large accelerators are used for fundamental research in particle ...

SynthEdit SynthEdit is a modular audio plugin development environment which uses a visual editor. First conceived in 1987 by programmer Jeff McClintock and initially distributed in 1999, it was officially released in 2005. Along with Native Instruments' R ...

, a modular visual programming language for signal processing aimed at creating

audio plugin An audio plug-in, in computer software, is a plug-in that can add or enhance audio-related functionality in a computer program. Such functionality may include digital signal processing or sound synthesis. Audio plug-ins usually provide their o ...

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References