France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
.INSEE commune file /ref> Until 1926 it was named ''Auchy-lez-La-Bassée''.
Geography
A small ex-
coal mining
Coal mining is the process of resource extraction, extracting coal from the ground or from a mine. Coal is valued for its Energy value of coal, energy content and since the 1880s has been widely used to Electricity generation, generate electr ...
town, now mostly a light engineering and farming commune, situated east of Béthune and southwest of Lille, at the junction of the N41 and the D163 roads.
Coal mining
Work on Mine 8 at Auchy-les-Mines began by the Compagnie des mines de Béthune in July 1891, and the mine was opened in November 1893.
Shaft 8bis was started in November 1893.
During
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
(1914–18) the front stabilized in the autumn of 1914 and a war of position began.
The Mines de Béthune concession was cut in two along a line from Auchy-les-Mines to Liévin, with Mines 4 and 8 occupied by the Germans.
Mine 4 ( Vermelles) was recovered in December 1914, but Mine 8 (Auchy) was not recovered until the German troops withdrew at the end of the war.
A long gallery led from the main Mines de Béthune concession to Mine 8 in Auchy in the northeast.
Shaft 8 was blocked by the Germans between the level and the lower level, but below the blockage the French could freely work the coal seams, even under the German side.
Pumps were brought back into service below the shafts to drain the sector.
British soldiers of the 170th Tunneling Company established a listening system at the bottom of shaft 8bis which picked up sounds of activity in August 1917.
In early September there was an underground struggle in which the Germans were forced out of the mine.
Around midnight of 25–26 September 1917 the 38th German Pioneer Regiment poured about 8 tons of the suffocating gas chloropicrin into Mine 8, and carried by the ventilation systems the gas took under four hours to travel the to Mine 9 and the shaft of Mine 12.
The people around the base of Shaft 8 died, but those further away escaped via the ladders of Shaft 9.
After the attack a thick masonry wall was built in the main haulage gallery to isolate the sectors near shafts 8 and 8bis.
The Germans blew up the casing of Shaft 8 and the heads of Shafts 8 and 8bis.
The mine was reopened after the war, and finally closed in 1961.
Population
Sights
* The church of St. Martin, rebuilt, as was the entire village, after
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...