''Atrypa'' is a genus of

brachiopod Brachiopods (), phylum (biology), phylum Brachiopoda, are a phylum of animals that have hard "valves" (shells) on the upper and lower surfaces, unlike the left and right arrangement in bivalve molluscs. Brachiopod valves are hinged at the rear e ...

with round to short egg-shaped shells covered with many fine radial ridges (or costae). Growth lines form perpendicular to the costae and are spaced approximately 2 to 3 times further apart than the costae.. The pedunculate valve is slightly convex, but oftentimes levels out or becomes slightly concave toward the anterior margin (opposite the hinge and

pedicle Pedicle or pedicel may refer to: Human anatomy *Pedicle of vertebral arch, the segment between the transverse process and the vertebral body, and is often used as a radiographic marker and entry point in vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty procedures ...

). The brachial valve is highly convex. Neither valve contains an interarea (a flat area bordering the hinge line, approximately perpendicular with the rest of the valve). ''Atrypa'' had a large geographic range and occurred from the late

Lower Silurian The Silurian ( ) is a geologic period and system spanning 23.5 million years from the end of the Ordovician Period, at million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Devonian Period, Mya. The Silurian is the third and shortest period of t ...

(

Telychian In the geologic timescale, the Telychian is the third and final age of the Llandovery Epoch of the Silurian Period of the Paleozoic Era of the Phanerozoic Eon. The Telychian Age was between 438.5 ± 1.2 million years ago (Ma) and 433.4 ± 0.8 M ...

) to the early Upper Devonian (

Frasnian The Frasnian is one of two faunal stages in the Late Devonian Period. It lasted from million years ago to million years ago. It was preceded by the Givetian Stage and followed by the Famennian Stage. Major reef-building was under way during ...

). Other sources expand the range from the

Late Ordovician The Late Ordovician is the third and final epoch of the Ordovician period, lasting million years and spanning from around 458.2 to 443.1 million years ago. The rocks associated with this epoch are referred to as the Upper Ordovician Series. At ...

Carboniferous The Carboniferous ( ) is a Geologic time scale, geologic period and System (stratigraphy), system of the Paleozoic era (geology), era that spans 60 million years, from the end of the Devonian Period Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the ...

, approximately from 449 to 336 Ma.''Atrypa''
at

Fossilworks Fossilworks was a portal which provides query, download, and analysis tools to facilitate access to the Paleobiology Database, a large relational database assembled by hundreds of paleontologists from around the world. History Fossilworks was cr ...

.org A proposed new species, ''A. harrisi'', was found in the

trilobite Trilobites (; meaning "three-lobed entities") are extinction, extinct marine arthropods that form the class (biology), class Trilobita. One of the earliest groups of arthropods to appear in the fossil record, trilobites were among the most succ ...

-rich

Floresta Formation The Floresta Formation (, Df) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The sequence of siltstones, shales, coquinas and sandstone beds dates to the Devonian period; Late Emsian, Eif ...

in Boyacá,

Colombia Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with Insular region of Colombia, insular regions in North America. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuel ...

.Floresta Series Fauna
at

.org

Reassigned species

As ''Atrypa'' was established in the 18th century, many species have since been reassigned.

Organic content of ''Atrypa'' fossils

Organic compounds may be preserved in some ''Atrypa'' fossils. However, only the more stable

amino acids Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. Although over 500 amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the Proteinogenic amino acid, 22 α-amino acids incorporated into p ...

tend to be preserved in older ''Atrypa'' fossils. In specimens of ''Atrypa reticularis'' from the Wenlock Shales (Lower Silurian),

alanine Alanine (symbol Ala or A), or α-alanine, is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an amine group and a carboxylic acid group, both attached to the central carbon atom which also carries a methyl group sid ...

glycine Glycine (symbol Gly or G; ) is an amino acid that has a single hydrogen atom as its side chain. It is the simplest stable amino acid. Glycine is one of the proteinogenic amino acids. It is encoded by all the codons starting with GG (G ...

glutamic acid Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E; known as glutamate in its anionic form) is an α- amino acid that is used by almost all living beings in the biosynthesis of proteins. It is a non-essential nutrient for humans, meaning that the human body can ...

leucine Leucine (symbol Leu or L) is an essential amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Leucine is an α-amino acid, meaning it contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH3+ form under biological conditions), an α-Car ...

isoleucine Isoleucine (symbol Ile or I) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH form under biological conditions), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the depro ...

proline Proline (symbol Pro or P) is an organic acid classed as a proteinogenic amino acid (used in the biosynthesis of proteins), although it does not contain the amino group but is rather a secondary amine. The secondary amine nitrogen is in the p ...

valine Valine (symbol Val or V) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α- amino group (which is in the protonated −NH3+ form under biological conditions), an α- carboxylic acid group (which is in the deproton ...

, and

aspartic acid Aspartic acid (symbol Asp or D; the ionic form is known as aspartate), is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. The L-isomer of aspartic acid is one of the 22 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the building blocks of protei ...

have been found.

Gallery

File:Atrypa devoniana pedunculate Rockford IO CRF.jpg, ''Atrypa devoniana'', pedicle valve File:Atrypa devoniana brachial Rockford IO CRF.jpg, ''Atrypa devoniana'', brachial valve File:Atrypa devoniana anterior Rockford IO CRF.jpg, ''Atrypa devoniana'', anterior view File:Atrypa devoniana posterior Rockford IO CRF.jpg, ''Atrypa devoniana'', posterior view File:Atrypa devoniana lateral Rochford IO CRF.jpg, ''Atrypa devoniana'', lateral view File:Atrypid dorsal.jpg, ''Atrypa'' sp.; Couvinian (Middle Devonian); El Pical, Leon, Spain. Eroded to show spiralia on the right.

References

Prehistoric brachiopod genera Silurian brachiopods Devonian brachiopods Paleozoic brachiopods of Africa Paleozoic brachiopods of Asia Paleozoic brachiopods of Oceania Paleozoic brachiopods of Europe Paleozoic brachiopods of North America Paleozoic brachiopods of South America Devonian Colombia Fossils of Afghanistan Fossils of Australia Fossils of Austria Fossils of Belarus Fossils of Belgium Fossils of Canada Fossils of China Fossils of Colombia Fossils of the Czech Republic Fossils of Estonia Fossils of France Fossils of Germany Fossils of Greenland Fossils of India Fossils of Iran Fossils of Ireland Fossils of Italy Fossils of Japan Fossils of Kazakhstan Fossils of Latvia Fossils of Lithuania Fossils of Mexico Fossils of Mongolia Fossils of Morocco Fossils of Myanmar Fossils of Norway Fossils of Peru Fossils of Poland Fossils of Russia Fossils of Spain Fossils of Sweden Fossils of Tajikistan Fossils of Thailand Fossils of Ukraine Fossils of the United States Fossils of Uzbekistan Fossils of Venezuela Fossils of Vietnam Silurian first appearances Frasnian extinctions Fossils of Georgia (U.S. state) Jeffersonville Limestone Paleontology in New Hampshire Paleozoic life of Ontario Paleozoic life of Alberta Paleozoic life of British Columbia Floresta Formation Paleozoic life of Manitoba Paleozoic life of New Brunswick Paleozoic life of the Northwest Territories Paleozoic life of Nova Scotia Paleozoic life of Nunavut Paleozoic life of Quebec Paleozoic life of Yukon Fossil taxa described in 1828 {{Brachiopod-stub