Red-bodied swallowtails, or ruby swallowtail (due to the color), are

butterflies Butterflies are winged insects from the lepidopteran superfamily Papilionoidea, characterized by large, often brightly coloured wings that often fold together when at rest, and a conspicuous, fluttering flight. The oldest butterfly fossi ...

in the swallowtail family, that belong to the genera ''Atrophaneura'', ''Byasa'', ''Losaria'', or ''Pachliopta''. They are generally found in

Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...

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have found the red-bodied swallowtails difficult to kill. Pinching the

thorax The thorax (: thoraces or thoraxes) or chest is a part of the anatomy of mammals and other tetrapod animals located between the neck and the abdomen. In insects, crustaceans, and the extinct trilobites, the thorax is one of the three main di ...

, a method which kills most butterflies, is withstood and only stuns the butterfly temporarily.

Life history

The larvae resemble those of other Troidini. Fleshy spine-like tubercles, often with red tips, line the caterpillars' backs, and their bodies are dark red to brown and velvety black or shades of grey with a pattern of black lines. They feed on species of '' Aristolochia'' and '' Thottea''. Chrysalids are camouflaged to look like a dead leaf or twig. They are attached by a girdle and an anal pad. Adults are nectar feeding. Many species of red-bodied swallowtails show

aposematism Aposematism is the Advertising in biology, advertising by an animal, whether terrestrial or marine, to potential predation, predators that it is not worth attacking or eating. This unprofitability may consist of any defenses which make the pr ...

, and serve as models for

Batesian mimicry Batesian mimicry is a form of mimicry where a harmless species has evolved to imitate the warning signals of a harmful species directed at a predator of them both. It is named after the English naturalist Henry Walter Bates, who worked on butt ...

. The biology of '' Pachliopta hector'' and ''

Pachliopta aristolochiae ''Pachliopta aristolochiae'', the common rose, is a species of swallowtail butterfly belonging to the genus ''Pachliopta'', the roses, or red-bodied swallowtails. It is a common butterfly which is extensively distributed across South Asia, south ...

'' are well studied. File:Pachliopta hector egg sec.jpg, ''Pachliopta hector'' egg File:Common Rose Cat in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 0052.jpg, ''Pachliopta aristolochiae'' larva File:ジャコウアゲハ蛹-1.jpg, ''Byasa alcinous'' pupa

Taxonomy

Species limits may be either narrow (many species - forma and subspecies raised to full or "good" species) or broad (fewer species - rank reduction) se
Jürgen Haffer
for a discussion.

Genera and species

Listed alphabetically within genera: genus: ''Atrophaneura'' Reakirt, 865/small> (earlier considered as the nominotypical subgenus of ''Atrophaneura'' but now it is a genus without subgenera) :*'' Atrophaneura aidoneus'' (Doubleday, 1845) — lesser batwing :*'' Atrophaneura dixoni'' (Grose-Smith, 1900) :*'' Atrophaneura horishana'' (Matsumura, 1910) — aurora swallowtail :*'' Atrophaneura kuehni'' (Honrath, 1886) :*'' Atrophaneura luchti'' (Roepke, 1935) :*'' Atrophaneura nox'' (Swainson, 1822) — Malayan batwing :*'' Atrophaneura priapus'' (Boisduval, 1836) — Priapus batwing :*'' Atrophaneura semperi'' (C. & R. Felder, 1861) :*'' Atrophaneura schadenbergi'' (Semper, 1891) :*'' Atrophaneura sycorax'' (Grose-Smith, 1885) :*'' Atrophaneura varuna'' (White, 1842) — common batwing :*'' Atrophaneura zaleucus'' (Hewitson, 865 genus: ''Byasa'' Moore, 1882 (earlier considered as subgenus ''Byasa'' but now raised to genus level). :*'' Byasa adamsoni'' (Grose-Smith, 1886) — Adamson's rose :*'' Byasa alcinous'' (Klug, 1836) — Chinese windmill :*'' Byasa crassipes'' (Oberthür, 1893) — black windmill :*'' Byasa daemonius'' (Alphéraky, 1895) :*'' Byasa dasarada'' (Moore, 1857) — great windmill :*'' Byasa hedistus'' (Jordan, 1928) :*'' Byasa impediens'' (Rothschild, 1895) :*'' Byasa laos'' (Riley & Godfrey, 1921) :*'' Byasa latreillei'' (Donovan, 1826) — rose windmill :*'' Byasa mencius'' (C. & R. Felder, 1862) :*'' Byasa nevilli'' (Wood-Mason, 1882) — Nevill's windmill :*'' Byasa plutonius'' (Oberthür, 1876) — Chinese windmill :*'' Byasa polla'' (de Nicéville, 1897) — De Niceville's windmill :*'' Byasa polyeuctes'' (Doubleday, 1842) — common windmill :*'' Byasa rhadinus'' (Jordan, 1928) genus: ''Losaria'' Moore,

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/small> (earlier considered as subgenus ''Losaria'' but now raised to genus level) :*'' Losaria coon'' (Fabricius, 1793) — common clubtail :*'' Losaria palu'' (Martin, 1912) — Palu swallowtail - has been regarded a subspecies of ''A. coon''Hancook, D.L. (1982). ''A note on Atrophaneura palu (Martin) 1912.'' Papilo International. 1(3): 71-73 :*'' Losaria rhodifer'' (Butler, 1876) — Andaman clubtail :*'' Losaria neptunus'' (Guérin-Méneville, 1840) — yellow-bodied club-tail or yellow club-tail genus: ''Pachliopta'' Reakirt, 865/small> (earlier considered as subgenus ''Pachliopta'' but now raised to genus level) :*'' Pachliopta adamas'' ( Zinken, 1831) :*''

'' (Fabricius, 1775) — common rose :*'' Pachliopta antiphus'' (Fabricius, 1793) :*'' Pachliopta atropos'' (Staudinger, 1888) :*'' Pachliopta hector'' (Linnaeus, 1758) — crimson rose :*'' Pachliopta jophon'' (Gray, 853 — Ceylon rose or Sri Lankan rose :*'' Pachliopta kotzebuea'' (Eschscholtz, 1821) — pink rose :*'' Pachliopta leytensis'' (Murayama, 1978) :*'' Pachliopta liris'' (Godart, 1819) :*'' Pachliopta mariae'' (Semper, 1878) :*'' Pachliopta oreon'' (Doherty, 1891) :*'' Pachliopta pandiyana'' (Moore, 1881) — Malabar rose :*'' Pachliopta phlegon'' (C. & R. Felder, 1864) :*'' Pachliopta polydorus'' (Linnaeus, 1763) — red-bodied swallowtail :*'' Pachliopta polyphontes'' (Boisduval, 1836) :*'' Pachliopta strandi'' (Bryk, 1930)

References

External links

Flickr
Correctly identified tagged photos

{{Taxonbar, from=Q737853 Atrophaneura Insect common names Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN